IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of naoh mercerisation on the cross linking of conventional and compact...eSAT Journals
Abstract An investigation of the effect of resin finishing on the properties of conventional and compact cotton yarn is reported. It is shown that compact yarns suffer greater weight losses than those of conventional yarns following cross linking treatment. Bending rigidity shows an increase with the concentration of sodium hydroxide prior to cross linking in both conventional and compact yarns. The yarn structure also plays an important role in resin finishing.
Analysis of Composite Material Blended With Thermoplastics and Jute FibreIJERA Editor
Recently natural fibres have been receiving considerable attention as substitutes for synthetic fibre
reinforcements due to their low cost, low density, acceptable specific strength, good thermal insulation
properties, reduced tool wear, reduced thermal and respiratory irritation and renewable resources. The aim of
this work is to develop chemically treated and chemically untreated fibre reinforced composite material with
optimum properties so that it can replace the existing synthetic fibre reinforced composite material for a suitable
application. In this work, polyester resin has been reinforced with jute fabric, so as to develop jute fibre
reinforced plastic (JFRP) with a weight ratio of 10:1:1 Hand lay-up technique was used to manufacture the
composites where Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide and cobalt Naphthalene were used as coupling agent and
accelerator respectively. The thickness of the composite specimen was obtained by laying up layer of fibre and
matrix. The untreated composites have been used and mechanical properties are compared with natural fibre and
jute fibre composite by using the Ansys method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Influence of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristicsiosrjce
Viscose spun yarnhas more hairiness and poses problem in the subsequent processes like yarn dyeing,
fabric production and fabric processing due to protruding of hairs. In this research work, an attempt has been
made to singe the viscose spun yarns of most commonly used yarn counts. Its influence on yarn quality
characteristics were compared and studied with its parent un-singed yarns. It has been found that the primary
objective of hairiness reduction was well achieved with singeing processes; however there isan impact on other
quality characteristics such as yarn imperfections, tenacity and yarn elongation. There is overall improvement
in yarn imperfection results by singeing process. Yarn tenacity is also improved after singeing, but there is drop
in yarn elongation due to singeing.
Effect of naoh mercerisation on the cross linking of conventional and compact...eSAT Journals
Abstract An investigation of the effect of resin finishing on the properties of conventional and compact cotton yarn is reported. It is shown that compact yarns suffer greater weight losses than those of conventional yarns following cross linking treatment. Bending rigidity shows an increase with the concentration of sodium hydroxide prior to cross linking in both conventional and compact yarns. The yarn structure also plays an important role in resin finishing.
Analysis of Composite Material Blended With Thermoplastics and Jute FibreIJERA Editor
Recently natural fibres have been receiving considerable attention as substitutes for synthetic fibre
reinforcements due to their low cost, low density, acceptable specific strength, good thermal insulation
properties, reduced tool wear, reduced thermal and respiratory irritation and renewable resources. The aim of
this work is to develop chemically treated and chemically untreated fibre reinforced composite material with
optimum properties so that it can replace the existing synthetic fibre reinforced composite material for a suitable
application. In this work, polyester resin has been reinforced with jute fabric, so as to develop jute fibre
reinforced plastic (JFRP) with a weight ratio of 10:1:1 Hand lay-up technique was used to manufacture the
composites where Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide and cobalt Naphthalene were used as coupling agent and
accelerator respectively. The thickness of the composite specimen was obtained by laying up layer of fibre and
matrix. The untreated composites have been used and mechanical properties are compared with natural fibre and
jute fibre composite by using the Ansys method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Influence of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristicsiosrjce
Viscose spun yarnhas more hairiness and poses problem in the subsequent processes like yarn dyeing,
fabric production and fabric processing due to protruding of hairs. In this research work, an attempt has been
made to singe the viscose spun yarns of most commonly used yarn counts. Its influence on yarn quality
characteristics were compared and studied with its parent un-singed yarns. It has been found that the primary
objective of hairiness reduction was well achieved with singeing processes; however there isan impact on other
quality characteristics such as yarn imperfections, tenacity and yarn elongation. There is overall improvement
in yarn imperfection results by singeing process. Yarn tenacity is also improved after singeing, but there is drop
in yarn elongation due to singeing.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Graphene is a material that attracts attention in technical textile applications as in many other areas due to its outstanding features. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the performance properties of graphene coated fabrics. Pre-treated polyester fabrics were coated with nano-graphene powders at different concentration rates (50, 100 and 200 g/kg) by knife-over-roll technique. According to test results, generally, the graphene coating had a positive effect on the performance properties of polyester fabrics.
Investigation of the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of High-Density ...IOSRJAC
The potential of solid tannery waste as filler in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied by examination of mechanical properties, morphology and thermal properties of the composites produced. The Composites were prepared by two roll melt mixing and compression moulding technique for varying fiber contents from 0% to 60%. The parameters tested were tensile, impact and hardness in accordance with ASTM specification. The morphology and thermal properties of the matrix and composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of stress-strain behaviour of the composite was similar to those of thermoplastic polymer, the tensile strength and yield stress of the control (HDPE) was higher than that of the prepared samples by 8% and 5%. Hardness was better than HDPE by 12.86%. When 3.5g of Mg (OH)2, 0.3g of Ti2O, 10g of NR, 0.5g of trimethyl quinolene (TMQ), 2g of ethylene vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer and 2ml of Acrylic acid were incorporated into the formulation, 52.2%, 39.2% and 29.1% enhancement in yield stress, tensile and impact strength. SEM scan shows ductile tensile fractured surface of composites with better thermal stability than the control. Composite of HDPE90/fibers waste10 presents good mechanical performance with enhanced thermal stability.
Flexural Strength of Poly Propylene Fiber Reinforced PMMAinventionjournals
Poly Methyl Methacrylate based restorations are widely accepted in dental and medical field due to the excellent biocompatibility and easy fabrication, however these restorations exhibit inferior mechanical properties. Therefore, the present study conducted to enhance the flexural strength of PMMA based material by reinforcing conventional PMMA with poly propylene fiber. 10 different test groups were prepared by varying the weight percentage (2.5, 5 & 10 Wt %) and aspect ratio (3mm/220μm, 6mm/220μm & 12mm/220μm) of the poly propylene fibers. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using One – Way Anova followed by Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test. All fiber reinforced test groups showed improved flexural strength and 6mm long fiber in 2.5 Wt% showed the highest flexural strength among the fiber reinforced test groups.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL HYBRID FIBER,...Journal For Research
Natural fibers are used to reinforce the materials. Many types of natural fibers are investigated for use in plastics, including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Hybrid fibers have the highest strength they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The waste product is used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for useful process. Here the commonly 35% fiber and 65% polymer used to fabricate material in various ratios. Application of composite materials to structures has presented work focused the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like flax, banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape. With the help of various ASTM standards of patterns and calculating its material characteristics by conducting tests like flexural test, tensile test, impact test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EKSPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF BAMBOO BLOCK LAMINATION: OPTIMUM V...AM Publications
The use of bamboo lamination substitute wood for structural beams. Damage of glue-line bamboo
lamination beam before collapsing to influence of flexural strength. The objective of this study to know the effect of
shear connector PVAc resin to the tensile strength bamboo block lamination. Shear connector with incising method
on bamboo blade. The bamboo used in this work belongs to the species of Bambusa Dendrocalamus asper (local
name: bambu Petung) and PVAC adhesives used. Incising distance variation were 0 x 0 mm, 2 x 2 mm, 3 x 3 mm
and 4 x 4 mm. Compression strength were 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa and 2.5 MPa. The shape an dimensions of the tensile
strength test specimens by standard ISO 2004. The mechanical properties testing conducted correlation with
statistical analysis. The water content of at pressure of 1.5 MPa is an average of 12.81%. The average of moisture in
the pressure of 2 MPa is an average of 12.52%. The water content in the pressure of 2.5 MPa is average 12.43%.
Density at a pressure of 1.5 MPa was an average density of 0.73 g/cm3. Density values with 2 MPa is an average of
0.75 g/cm3. At a pressure of 2.5 MPa average of 0.78 g/cm3. Average value of tensile strength bamboo block
laminations without incising method with lateral stress 2,5 MPa was 1,732 MPa. Average value of tensile strength
bamboo block laminations with incising method 4 x 4 mm with lateral stress 2 MPa was 1,862 MPa. Average value
of tensile strength bamboo block laminations with incising method 6 x 6 mm with lateral stress 1,5 MPa was 2,002
MPa. Average value of tensile strength bamboo block laminations with incising method 8 x 8 mm with lateral stress
1,5 MPa was 1,802 MPa.
As a new material, the researches on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam are also less. This
article studies the effect of different volume fraction of fiber length on the compressive strength and splitting
tensile strength of cement stabilized macadam.To promote polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam’s
application,it has theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Jute and hollow conjugated polyester fiber (HCP)-reinforced nonwoven composites were designed by Box and Behnken model approach. Its thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal transmittance, and thermal diffusivity were evaluated. From the test results of response surface method (RSM), the weight of composite material maintained as 3280 g/m2 with the proportion of jute/HCP fiber in the ratio of 50/50%, 60/40%, and 70/30% played a significant role in insulation and mechanical properties. Various needling density maintained on the
composite material such as 300, 150, and 75 punches/cm2 contributes to the role of significant impacts on the research process. The optimum of 150 needling density with the proportion of 50/50 Jute and HCP fiber was
selected to produce four kinds of composite structures. Its thermal,
sound, electrical insulation values and limiting oxygen values were analyzed and suggested for building environments
Influence of additives on the drain down characteristics of stone matrix asph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Authorization mechanism for multiparty data sharing in social networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Graphene is a material that attracts attention in technical textile applications as in many other areas due to its outstanding features. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the performance properties of graphene coated fabrics. Pre-treated polyester fabrics were coated with nano-graphene powders at different concentration rates (50, 100 and 200 g/kg) by knife-over-roll technique. According to test results, generally, the graphene coating had a positive effect on the performance properties of polyester fabrics.
Investigation of the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of High-Density ...IOSRJAC
The potential of solid tannery waste as filler in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied by examination of mechanical properties, morphology and thermal properties of the composites produced. The Composites were prepared by two roll melt mixing and compression moulding technique for varying fiber contents from 0% to 60%. The parameters tested were tensile, impact and hardness in accordance with ASTM specification. The morphology and thermal properties of the matrix and composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of stress-strain behaviour of the composite was similar to those of thermoplastic polymer, the tensile strength and yield stress of the control (HDPE) was higher than that of the prepared samples by 8% and 5%. Hardness was better than HDPE by 12.86%. When 3.5g of Mg (OH)2, 0.3g of Ti2O, 10g of NR, 0.5g of trimethyl quinolene (TMQ), 2g of ethylene vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer and 2ml of Acrylic acid were incorporated into the formulation, 52.2%, 39.2% and 29.1% enhancement in yield stress, tensile and impact strength. SEM scan shows ductile tensile fractured surface of composites with better thermal stability than the control. Composite of HDPE90/fibers waste10 presents good mechanical performance with enhanced thermal stability.
Flexural Strength of Poly Propylene Fiber Reinforced PMMAinventionjournals
Poly Methyl Methacrylate based restorations are widely accepted in dental and medical field due to the excellent biocompatibility and easy fabrication, however these restorations exhibit inferior mechanical properties. Therefore, the present study conducted to enhance the flexural strength of PMMA based material by reinforcing conventional PMMA with poly propylene fiber. 10 different test groups were prepared by varying the weight percentage (2.5, 5 & 10 Wt %) and aspect ratio (3mm/220μm, 6mm/220μm & 12mm/220μm) of the poly propylene fibers. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using One – Way Anova followed by Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test. All fiber reinforced test groups showed improved flexural strength and 6mm long fiber in 2.5 Wt% showed the highest flexural strength among the fiber reinforced test groups.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL HYBRID FIBER,...Journal For Research
Natural fibers are used to reinforce the materials. Many types of natural fibers are investigated for use in plastics, including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Hybrid fibers have the highest strength they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The waste product is used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for useful process. Here the commonly 35% fiber and 65% polymer used to fabricate material in various ratios. Application of composite materials to structures has presented work focused the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like flax, banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape. With the help of various ASTM standards of patterns and calculating its material characteristics by conducting tests like flexural test, tensile test, impact test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EKSPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF BAMBOO BLOCK LAMINATION: OPTIMUM V...AM Publications
The use of bamboo lamination substitute wood for structural beams. Damage of glue-line bamboo
lamination beam before collapsing to influence of flexural strength. The objective of this study to know the effect of
shear connector PVAc resin to the tensile strength bamboo block lamination. Shear connector with incising method
on bamboo blade. The bamboo used in this work belongs to the species of Bambusa Dendrocalamus asper (local
name: bambu Petung) and PVAC adhesives used. Incising distance variation were 0 x 0 mm, 2 x 2 mm, 3 x 3 mm
and 4 x 4 mm. Compression strength were 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa and 2.5 MPa. The shape an dimensions of the tensile
strength test specimens by standard ISO 2004. The mechanical properties testing conducted correlation with
statistical analysis. The water content of at pressure of 1.5 MPa is an average of 12.81%. The average of moisture in
the pressure of 2 MPa is an average of 12.52%. The water content in the pressure of 2.5 MPa is average 12.43%.
Density at a pressure of 1.5 MPa was an average density of 0.73 g/cm3. Density values with 2 MPa is an average of
0.75 g/cm3. At a pressure of 2.5 MPa average of 0.78 g/cm3. Average value of tensile strength bamboo block
laminations without incising method with lateral stress 2,5 MPa was 1,732 MPa. Average value of tensile strength
bamboo block laminations with incising method 4 x 4 mm with lateral stress 2 MPa was 1,862 MPa. Average value
of tensile strength bamboo block laminations with incising method 6 x 6 mm with lateral stress 1,5 MPa was 2,002
MPa. Average value of tensile strength bamboo block laminations with incising method 8 x 8 mm with lateral stress
1,5 MPa was 1,802 MPa.
As a new material, the researches on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam are also less. This
article studies the effect of different volume fraction of fiber length on the compressive strength and splitting
tensile strength of cement stabilized macadam.To promote polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam’s
application,it has theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Jute and hollow conjugated polyester fiber (HCP)-reinforced nonwoven composites were designed by Box and Behnken model approach. Its thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal transmittance, and thermal diffusivity were evaluated. From the test results of response surface method (RSM), the weight of composite material maintained as 3280 g/m2 with the proportion of jute/HCP fiber in the ratio of 50/50%, 60/40%, and 70/30% played a significant role in insulation and mechanical properties. Various needling density maintained on the
composite material such as 300, 150, and 75 punches/cm2 contributes to the role of significant impacts on the research process. The optimum of 150 needling density with the proportion of 50/50 Jute and HCP fiber was
selected to produce four kinds of composite structures. Its thermal,
sound, electrical insulation values and limiting oxygen values were analyzed and suggested for building environments
Influence of additives on the drain down characteristics of stone matrix asph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Authorization mechanism for multiparty data sharing in social networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bsp customization and porting of linux on arm cortex based i.mx6 processor wi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhancing security features in cloud computing for healthcare using cipher an...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Integrated grid inverter with frequency control scheme for wind mill applicat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Effect of chemical treatments on the characteristics of regular and compact c...eSAT Journals
Abstract An investigation on the physical properties of compact and conventional spun yarns following chemical treatments is reported. In this research, the effect of chemical finishing treatments namely, scouring, hypochlorite bleaching, peroxide bleaching, mercerising and dyeing on the yarn characteristics of 30 Ne regular and compact ring spun yarns has been studied. The results showed that whilst tenacity of treated yarns rose, elongation fell with the exception of slack mercerising treatment. Work of rupture was significantly higher than that of control for slack mercerised samples. With the exception of slack mercerised yarns there was no measurable difference in initial modulus of yarns. While bleached yarns samples showed somewhat poor abrasion resistance, the other treated yarns did not show any change in abrasion resistance. All the treatments had led to an increase in yarn friction. Slack mercerisation treatment had led to a significant increase in shrinkage and the shrinkage values were identical in both conventional and compact yarns. The other treatments had resulted in lower shrinkage values. Compression was found to be greater for compact yarns in untreated state and all the treatments had lowered the compression. Compressional energy (WC) was found to be the highest for compact mercerised yarn. Scanning electron micrographs showed clearly the improved hairiness and bulk in compact yarns. Keywords: Pneumatic Compact Spinning, Conventional Ring Spinning, Yarn Physical Properties, Kawabata Analysis, Scouring, Hypochlorite Bleach, Hydrogen Peroxide Bleach, Mercerization, Reactive Dyes.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Handle of cotton: wool knitted khadi fabriciosrjce
Hand of cotton: woolhand knitted fabrics has been reported in this study. Indian crossbred wool
(Rambouillet and Chokla) was blended with cotton (Mech I) in three different ratios (10-90%, 20-80% and 30-
70%) and yarns were prepared on hand spinning system.Knitted fabric samples were constructed on 10-12
gauge, flat bed hand knitting machine. Fabric handle was objectively assessed by SiroFAST.
The roles of process parameters on structures and mechanical properties of po...Bambang Afrinaldi
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Effect of naoh mercerisation on the cross linking of
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 108
EFFECT OF NAOH MERCERISATION ON THE CROSS LINKING OF
CONVENTIONAL AND COMPACT COTTON YARNS USING DMDHEU
RESIN
Shabiya Thaseen
Department of Home Science, Textile Science and Fashion Designing, J.B.A.S. College for Women
Teynampet, Chennai - 600 018
Abstract
An investigation of the effect of resin finishing on the properties of conventional and compact cotton yarn is reported. It is shown that
compact yarns suffer greater weight losses than those of conventional yarns following cross linking treatment. Bending rigidity shows
an increase with the concentration of sodium hydroxide prior to cross linking in both conventional and compact yarns. The yarn
structure also plays an important role in resin finishing.
----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Durable press finishing processes are used in the textile
industry to produce wrinkle resistant cotton fabrics and
garments. The finishing agents used are N-methylol reagents
such as dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU)
which were conventional durable press finishing agents.
Recently, the use of polycarboxylic acids such as 1,2,3,4-
butane-tetra carboxylic acids (BTCA) and citric acid, tartaric
acid, maleic acid and itaconic acid due to increasing concern
with toxicity and the adverse impact on the environment by
formaldehyde has become widespread (1,2,3,4).
A durable press finishing agent forms covalent bonds with
cellulosic hydroxyl groups under elevated temperatures, thus
forming cross linkages between the cellulose molecules. Cross
linking normally leads to an improvement in wrinkle
resistance and reduces the strength of cotton fabric. Wrinkle
recovery and tensile strength are the two principal parameters
which are used to assess the performance of the cross linked
cotton fabrics.
Yang et al (5) have conducted detailed research on the
nonformaldehyde finishes and their results are quite useful.
Formation of anhydroxide with sodium hypophosphite as a
catalyst and chemical analysis of 1, 2, 3, 4 - Butane tetra
carboxylic acid using FTIR and FT-Raman Spectroscopy,
proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) mass
spectroscopy (MS) and liquid chromatography mass
spectroscopy LC/MS have been carried out. All the
instrumental analysis data indicate the low level of impurities
in the industrial BTCA Yang is credited with a number of
papers on the analysis of BTCA treated fabrics.
In this paper, the effect of cross linking on the performance of
conventional and compact cotton yarns is discussed using
DMDHEU. The yarn characteristics namely, yarn strength,
elongation and bending were measured for the treated
conventional and compact yarns. This work provides the basic
data to know and understand the role of anticreasing yarns in
the fabric. Although it is rather unusual to apply resin finishes
to yarns, nevertheless in order to gain some basic knowledge
this work was carried out. Moreover, it is of interest to know
the response of yarn structure to resin treatments.
2. EXPERIMENTAL
2.1 Materials
Yarns of 30 Ne produced by conventional and compact
spinning technologies from the same cotton mixing were used.
They were bleached. DMDHEU and catalyst were used. The
prepared yarns in hank form were immersed in DMDHEU
formulation for 10 minutes. Triton X-100, 1% PEG 400 and
1.8% magnesium chloride hexahydrate.
DMDHEU is the most commonly used crosslinking agent and
contains urea, formaldehyde and glyoxal. The two methylol
groups and the two hydroxyl groups of DMDHEU react with
cellulosic hydroxyl to form cross linkages between cellulose
molecules. The yarns were treated with DMDHEU solution
for 10 minutes at concentrations namely 80, 100, 120 and 130
gpl. The wet pick up of the impregnated yarns was in the
range of 100-105%. The yarns following impregnation were
dried at 100°C in a forced air oven and cured at 160°C for 3
min, and washed with 5 gpl Na2CO3 at 50°C for 5 minutes to
remove the untreated chemicals then rinsed to remove the
reagent not bound to the cotton yarns and dried.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 109
A portion of conventional and compact yarns was treated with
sodium hydroxide at various concentrations and subsequently
cross linked with DMDHEU. This was done to find out the
effect of concentration of NaOH on the efficacy of cross
linking. In the earlier case, they were treated with 20% NaOH.
The cured yarns were evaluated for strength and elongation
using Uster Tensorapid tester. They were also tested for
bending rigidity.
2.2 Bending Rigidity
Bending rigidity was measured by using Ring-loop method
developed by Carlene (7). In this method, a length of yarn of
filament is bent through 360° to form a ring. The ends are
gripped and the distortion produced in the ring shape by some
externally applied weight is observed. In these conditions, the
flexural rigidity G is given by the equation.
2 cos
G KWL
tan
θ
=
θ
where,
K = a constant the value of which is around 0.0047
W = applied load in mg
L = Circumferential length of undistorted ring in cm
493d
L
θ =
d = deflection of lower end of the ring under action of applied
load. For grater sensitivity, a value of W is chosen that θ lies
between 40° and 50°. When W is given in grams and L and d
in centimetres, the flexural rigidity is expressed in g.cm2. For
each sample, ten tests were done and the average was taken.
Full details are given in the thesis (6).
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results included in Table 1 show that the strength losses
following resin finish are greater (28%) for compact yarns in
comparison with conventional yarns (10%) elongation shows
an increase with increase in resin content.
Table 2 gives the results of tenacity and elongation of
conventional and ompact yarns mercerised in slack form at
different concentrations. Elongation shows an increase with
increase in the concentration of sodium hydroxide. This is due
to shrinkage of yarns following mercerisation.
Tensile properties of conventional and compact yarns which
were slack mercerised at different concentrations and cross
linked are shown in Table 3. There is a significant drop in
strength of cross linked compact yarn in comparison with
conventional yarns. Elongation shows an increase in both the
yarns.
Cross linking of cotton cellulose molecules causes fibre
embrittlement which results in loss in strength.
Table 1 Tensile properties of conventional and compact yarns cross linked by DMDHEU
Conventional Compact
Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Elongation
%
Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Elongation
%
Control 17.21 4.66 18.49 5.14
80 GPL 14.86 6.65 15.05 6.64
100 GPL 16.22 7.06 14.72 6.21
120 GPL 14.8 6.51 14.56 6.47
130 GPL 15.47 6.62 14.98 6.35
Table 2 Effect of concentration of alkali on the conventional and compact yarn characteristics
Conc. of NaOH %
Conventional Compact
Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Elongation
%
Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Elongation
%
0 17.21 4.66 18.49 5.14
4 17.33 5.12 18.52 5.42
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 110
8 17.86 5.41 18.62 5.48
12 17.92 5.45 18.54 6.21
14 18.21 6.32 18.32 6.34
16 18.32 7.4 18.28 6.45
18 18.56 8.6 18.41 7.48
20 18.96 9.9 18.56 8.92
Table 3 Tensile and bending properties of conventional and compact cotton yarn treated by NaOH with zero tension and cross linked
by DMDHEU
Conc. of
NaOH %
After cross linking (conventional)
After cross linking
(compact)
Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Elongation
%
Bending
rigidity
(mN.mm2)
Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Elongation
%
Bending
rigidity
(mN.mm2)
0 17.04 4.21 1.5 18.32 4.82 1.6
4 16.82 5.01 2.0 17.86 4.68 2.1
8 16.72 4.89 2.2 17.72 4.52 2.3
12 16.34 5.21 2.5 16.84 4.62 2.7
14 15.89 5.11 2.8 17.28 4.68 2.7
16 15.32 5.09 3.0 17.44 4.56 3.4
18 18.72 5.12 3.2 17.28 4.61 3.6
20 19.36 8.6 3.5 16.84 4.72 3.8
The reason for the drop in strength in the case of compact yarn
can be due to greater embrittlement following resin treatment.
Since the packing coefficient is higher in compact yarns,
following resin treatment the material becomes still more
compact which leads to greater strength losses.
3.1 Bending Rigidity
It is apparent that flexural rigidity increases with an increase
in concentration of sodium hydroxide prior to the resin
treatment for conventional and compact yarns. This is due to
no freedom of motion of fibres in the resin treated yarns as
pointed out by Backer (9). The bending moment is higher in
the case of no freedom of motion. Platt (8) also computed the
bending moment for the case of no freedom of motion.
CONCLUSIONS
This study mainly investigates the effect of NaOH
mercerisation on the crosslinking properties of cotton yarns
made by conventional and compact spinning technologies.
Compact yarns suffer great strength losses than conventional
yarns. The results show that mercerisation has a considerable
effect on crosslinking properties such as tensile strength and
elongation of yarns. Further studies on fabrics made out of
these yarns are in progress, and the results will be reported
later.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to acknowledge her indebtedness to Dr.
Venkatraman Subramaniam, Jaya Engineering College,
Chennai for his various advices.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 111
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