This document discusses different types of fibers used in technical textiles. It describes domestic fibers like cotton, silk and polyester that are used in medical applications. It also discusses high functional fibers like Kevlar, carbon, and PBO that have properties like high strength and heat resistance making them suitable for applications like ballistic protection. The document also briefly mentions technical yarns, electronics in textiles, and intelligent textiles that respond to external stimuli and can change temperature or color.

1. Study on Technical Textile –Fibers for Technical Textile
SkmSadiqul Islam,BscengineeringinBangladeshUniversityOf Textiles,Mob-01849332963
Email-Tigersadik950@gmail.com
Fibers for Technical Textile
The usages of fibres in the technical textile area are not only the high functional fibres alone, but also
the natural (due to bio-degradability and compatibility) and common man-made fibres occupied
considerable share, which is shown in table .
4.1 Domestic fibres:
Medical Application-Cotton, silk polyester, polyamide are used in medical applications.
Geo Textile-PP and Polyester are used in geo textiles and dry/liquid filtration due to its compatibility.
Biodegradable - Jute and coir (Ligno-Cellulosic) used in biodegradable products and in packaging
industry.
Antiballstic and Filtration application- Nylon is been used in the anti- ballistic, Cord, protection and
filtration applications.
4.2 High functional fibres:
High functional fibres are having high technical properties based on the end uses. The properties are
high tensile strength, high modulus, good chemical resistance, high dimensional stability, cut
resistance and low thermal shrinkage.
4.2.1 Kevlar:
It is Para-Aramide fibre based on terephthalic acid and p-phynelene diamine. It is highly oriented and
high crystalline (90%) fibre. It is having good fibre tenacity (about 25gfpd),and high thermal resistance
and low thermal shrinkage. This fibre is used for anti ballistic apparel, helmet, industrial protective
clothing, gloves, in hot gas filtration, structural composite for air crafts, optical fibre cable sheath, high
pressure and automatic hoses, sail cloths and as special tyres cords.
4.2.2 Carbon:
It is produced by extruding precursor of acrylics, pitch or specially purified viscose rayon in to
filaments, then carbonized to get carbon. After carbonization the fibre processing is a difficult one,
hence the precursor fibre may be converted in to fabric, there after it is carbonized to get the required
product. Final carbon content could be around 92% by weight. High stiffness to weight ratio (for aero
space structure applications), softness, high thermal resistance are the special properties of the
carbon fibres.
4.2.3 P-phenylene-2.6-benzobisoxazole (PBO):
It is having very high strength (42gfpd) and tensile modulus of 1300-2000gfpd, which is greater then
the any known fibre. Good flame resistance and heat resistance (68%-LOI) and high decomposition
temperature (600° C). It is used in the anti ballistic vests, protective apparel for fire fighters,
lightweight armor for vehicle and for personal.
4.2.4 Ultra high molecular weight poly-ethylene (UHMWPE):
It is having high molecular weight (10 6), produced by Gel spinning technique. It is having Low (0.97)
specific gravity, high Chemical & abrasion resistances and high strength comparable to Kevlar. It is
used in anti ballistic protection, floatable ropes, and nets.
4.2.5 Glass:
t is an inorganic and isotropic fibre. High strength, chemical resistance, electrical, resilience, flame
resistances and low elongation at break are the salient features of glass. It has a high specific gravity

2. Study on Technical Textile –Fibers for Technical Textile
SkmSadiqul Islam,BscengineeringinBangladeshUniversityOf Textiles,Mob-01849332963
Email-Tigersadik950@gmail.com
(2.5-2.7), it is used in industrial applications including fire proof, filtration, insulation and in
reinforcement.
4.2.6 Alumina silica:
Ceramic fibres reported with a very high temperature resistance, used for furnace insulation and hot
air filtration.
4.2.7 Melamine:
These fibres having 50% by weight of melamine cross-linked polymer (specific gravity about 1.44).It is
having outstanding heat blocking properties with low thermal conductivity and good elongation at
break (about 18%).
4.2.8 Basalt:
It is produced from the basaltoid rocks. Basalt derived from minerals of Plagiocene and pyroxene.
This is used for the production of high temperature resistance and chemical resistance products.
4.2.9 Noviloid:
This fibre produced with 65% of cross linked novolac, it posses excellent flame retardant properties
and
recommended to use up to 150°C in the presence of air and in absence of air it can be used up to
250°C . This can with stand up to 1000°C in short period exposure to flame.
4.2.10 Fiber composites for chemical protection:
Acetate, PET, PVC and ploy carbonate sheets used to get clear vision in face shield and goggles.
Rubber, PVA, Teflon composite materials used in gloves as a protection layers. TYVAK (spun bonded
Ploy ethylene) used in coats and jackets as barrier to chemicals.
LOI means Limiting Oxygen Index
Table- Fiber with Mechanical Properties in Technical Textile Fields

3. Study on Technical Textile –Fibers for Technical Textile
SkmSadiqul Islam,BscengineeringinBangladeshUniversityOf Textiles,Mob-01849332963
Email-Tigersadik950@gmail.com
5.0 Technical yarns:
Technical yarns are replacing the traditional usage of textiles in critical applications. The
manufacturing of sewing threads, interlinings, and wadding and insulation materials with high
functional fibres plays a critical role in medical and industrial application.
6.0 Electronics in Textiles:
The electronics may soon be integrated in to the textiles in all areas. These Interactive electronic
textiles (IET) may find useful in many traditional, fashion and industrial textile applications in form of
communication, entertainment, health and safety. A wearable computing is a new form of human
computer interaction. This wearable computer is just more then a wristwatch or regular eye glasses.
Prerequisites of wearable computers are constancy, augmentation and mediation. New developments
of wearable computers are made with merging IC s seamlessly in fabric to develop fabric keyboards.
Interactive touch voice and body heat activation are being developed. To develop more appealing
wearable electronics, conductive materials are being used to transform traditional textiles and apparel
products into light weight wireless wearable computing devices. Materials such as metallic, optical
fibres, conductive threads, fabric
coatings, and inks are being used to supply conductivity and create wire less textile circuitry.
Additional components including input and output devices, sensors and power supply are necessary
to create IET. DETECT (registered trade mark), USA, has been developing single and multiple layer
sensory fabrics. Piezoelectric materials, MEMS (Micro electro mechanical systems) used in sensors
for receive and respond to stimuli enabling the electronic functions related to the user. The
development of the market for electronics in textiles cannot be accurately mapped out. Of course,
smart cloths are likely to reach the shops in and around two to three years. The price of the
electronics as a whole should not exceed 10 to 20 percent of the total costs of the cloths for capturing
good market. Research to support IET development is being conducted in many universities. Growing
consumer interest in mobile, electronic
devises will initiate the demand for IET products.
7.0 Intelligent Textiles
Textile products, which are, respond to the external stimuli for specific purpose are called Intelligent
Textiles. These are classified as-

4. Study on Technical Textile –Fibers for Technical Textile
SkmSadiqul Islam,BscengineeringinBangladeshUniversityOf Textiles,Mob-01849332963
Email-Tigersadik950@gmail.com
7.1Textiles incorporating Phase change materials(PCM)
These are materials used in clothing as encapsulated form to change from its phase from solid to
liquid and vice versa to maintain a comfortable body temperature in severe conditions. The energy
stored or released by the phase change materials (eg. paraffin) depending on the activity of the
wearer. This may be used in the car seat covers, gloves boots and hats. It is used to prevent the body
from over heating or over cooling.
7.2 Textiles incorporating Shape memory polymers (SMP)
Shape memory materials are those, which can revert from the current shape to a previously held
shape, usually due to the heat. These shape memory polymers poses different properties below a nd
above its standard temperature. These materials are used in medical applications, for maintenance of
body temperature.
7.3 Textiles incorporating chromic materials
Materials, which are changing color reversibly according to the external environment conditions.
These are photo chromic and thermo chromic materials. Photo chromicsm is a chemical process in
which a compound under goes a reversible changes between two states having separate absorption
spectra. Thermo chromic system heat changes the color of chromophore. On removal of heat source
the color reverses to its thermally more stable state. Photo chromic and thermo chromic materials are
used for fashion and military clothing.
7.4 Textiles incorporating conductive materials.
The conductive fibres are of two types .
1. Electrical conductive fibres.
2. Optical conductive fibres.
The electrical conductive fibres integrate the latest wicking finishes with high metallic content in
textiles that still retain the comfort required for clothing. With addition of nickel, metallic coatings of
varying thickness, these fibres provide a versatile combination of physical and electrical properties for
a verity of demanding applications, such as thousandfold increase in thermal conductivity. The optical
conductive fibres use per floro polymers, which are most transparent in the near infrared region.
Conductive fibres used for the development of military clothing, motion capturing and in tracking of
objects. These fibres can be woven in to fabrics to form radiation shields, optical filters and bar codes.