Carbon fiber is a strong, lightweight material made of thin strands of carbon atoms bonded together in crystals. It is used to strengthen materials like resins and ceramics. The document discusses the history, manufacturing, properties and applications of carbon fiber. It outlines that the US and Japan are leading producers, and production has expanded to include nanotube-reinforced polymers. The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to graphite. Manufacturing involves using precursor materials like polyacrylonitrile to produce filaments that are then carbonized. Carbon fiber has properties including high strength, light weight, and heat and electrical conductivity.

2.  Introduction
 History
 Future of carbon fiber
 Structure
 Types of carbon fiber
 Manufacturing of carbon
fiber
 Properties
 Applications

3.  A Material Consisting Of Thin, Strong
Crystalline Filaments Of Carbon, Used As A
Strengthening Material, Especially In Resins
And Ceramics.

4.  Currently, the United States of America uses nearly
60% of the world production of carbon fibers and the
Japanese account for almost 50% of the world capacity
for production. The largest producer of this fiber
is Toray Industries of Japan.

5.  Carbon Fibers Were Developed In The 1950s By
Heating Strands Of Rayon Until They Carbonized.
 In The Early 1960s, A Process Was Developed Using
Polyacrylonitrile As A Raw Material.
 During The 1970s, Experimental Work To Find
Alternative Raw Materials Led To The Introduction Of
Carbon Fibers Made From A Petroleum Pitch Derived
From Oil Processing.

6.  In 2009, Zyvex Technologies introduced
carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer.
 Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer is
several times stronger and tougher than
Carbon fibre and was used in the
manufacturing of air craft as a structural
material.

7.  The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar
to that of graphite, consisting of sheets of
carbon atoms arranged in a
regular hexagonal pattern (graphene sheets),
the difference being in the way these sheets
interlock.

9. Structural modal of carbon fiber

10. Cross sectional view

11. Longitudinal view:

12. Pan type
carbon fiber
A type of the fiber produced by
carbonization of
PAN precursor
(PAN:Polyacrylonitrile)
Pitch Type
Carbon
Fiber: Another type
of the fiber,produced by
carbonization of oil/coal
pitch precursor,
Types

13.  PAN-based carbon fibers
 Pitch-based carbon fibers
 Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers
 Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers
 Rayon-based carbon fibers
 Gas-phase-grown carbon fibers

14. Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber:
Manufacturing of carbon fiber

15.  Each carbon filament is produced from
a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, or
petroleum pitch, known as a precursor
 the precursor is first spun into filament yarns,
using chemical and mechanical processes to
initially align the polymer atoms in a way to
enhance the final physical properties of the
completed carbon fiber.

16. Pan carbon manufacturing

18. Manufacturing of carbon fiber
The raw material used to make carbon fiber is
called the precursor. About 90% of the carbon
fibers produced are made from polyacrylonitrile
(PAN). The remaining 10% are made from rayon or
petroleum pitch .

20. Manufacturing challenges
 The need for more cost effective recovery and repair.
 Close control required to ensure consistent quality.
 Health and safety.
 Skin irritation.
 Breathing irritation.

21. Properties of carbon fibers
Properties of carbon fibers
 High tensile strength.
 Low thermal expansion.
 Electrically and thermally conductors.
 Light weight and low density.
 Tensity : 1.8-2.4(kn/mm2)
 Density : 1.95 gm/cc
 Elongation at break: 0.5%
 Elasticity: Not good

22. Moisture Regain (MR%): 0%
 Ability to protest friction: Good
 Color: Black
 Lusture : Like silky
 Ability to protest heat : Good
 Effect of sunlight : no change in color
 Effect of bleaching : Sodiun hypochlorite
slightly effect carbon fiber.
 Protection against flame : Excellent
 Protection ability against insectsn : Do not
harm carbon fiber

23. Applications
 Civil Engineering
 Sports equipments
 Aerospace and Aircraft industry
 Acoustics
 Portable power
 Building and construction materials
 Fiber reinforced plastics