Standard powerpoint of research on soy protein membranes developed with our solvent system

1. Solvent Systems Screening for Soy Cellulose Fibers Eugene F. Douglass Richard Kotek North Carolina State University, College of Textiles College of Textiles August 11, 2010 1

3. 1 - Introduction College of Textiles 3

8. Ionic interactions assisting dissolution Amine and metal salt association College of Textiles 8 Figure 3 – Coordination of ED and KSCN in solution 9 Frey

9. 2 - Development of porous cellulose membranes College of Textiles 9

11. 3 - Characterization of porous cellulose membranes College of Textiles 11

14. Khare and Douglass Tensile properties compared College of Textiles 14 Table 1 – Tensile property comparison of cellulose membranes

15. Characterization using Water absorbency College of Textiles 15 Table 2 – Douglass membranes water absorption after 24 hour immersion in 25 o C deionized water, compared to never dried water swollen membrane (top)

16. 4 - Development and Characterization of cellulose blend membranes College of Textiles 16

18. 5 – Characterization of cellulose / soy protein blend membranes College of Textiles 18

19. SEM cross section micrographs of 50/50 cellulose – soy protein blends College of Textiles 19 Figure 9 – 50/50 Cellulose/brim membrane, 5000x Figure 10 – 50/50 Cellulose/Profam 974 membrane, 5000x

20. TGA Analysis - cellulose membrane compared to cellulose/brim soy protein blend College of Textiles 20 Figure 11 - Cellulose membrane: Onset 332º C, end 371º C, ash about 28% Figure 12 - Cellulose / brim blend membrane: Onset 241º C, end 342º C, ash about 28% 20 o C 20 o C 710 o C 710 o C 100 30

21. College of Textiles 21 Figure 13 - Cellulose membrane: Onset 332º C, end 371º C, ash level about 28% Figure 14 - Cellulose / Profam 974 blend membrane: Onset 284º C, end 344º C, ash level about 9% TGA Analysis - cellulose membrane compared to cellulose/Profam 974 soy protein blend 20 o C 710 o C 100 30

22. Summary of TGA results for soy protein / cellulose blend membranes College of Textiles 22 Table 3 - Comparison of TGA results between membranes Materials Start temperature (ºC) Onset temperature(s) (ºC) Char level @ 710º C (%) Cellulose fiber 242 350 11 Cellulose membrane 257 332 28 Profam 974 189 276 27 Brim soy protein 193, 285 235, 310 25 Cellulose / Profam 974 mixed 185 290, 362 18 Cellulose / Profam 974 membrane 200 283 9 Cellulose / brim mixed 201, 280 234, 355 19 Cellulose / brim membrane 178 241 28

25. Tensile Properties Summary College of Textiles 25 Table 4 – Comparison of Tensile properties for soy blend membranes Samples Tensile modulus (kgf/mm 2 ) Failure stress (kgf/mm 2 ) Failure strain (%) Thickness (mm) Cellulose membrane 75 ± 12 2.5 ± 1.2 36 ± 12 0.047 ± 0.015 Cellulose / brim membrane 157 ± 52 3.2 ± 1.6 27 ± 12 0.029 ± 0.003 Cellulose / Profam 974 membrane 200 ± 75 4.7 ± 1.2 16 ± 8.0 0.026 ± 0.001 Cell / PF 40% 220 ± 53 5.0 ± 2.0 29 ± 12 0.026 ± 0.001 Cell / PF 30% 204 ± 74 4.3 ± 2.3 27 ± 12 0.031 ± 0.005 Cell / PF 20% 195 ± 69 2.4 ± 1.8 20 ± 12 0.034 ± 0.003

26. Water absorbency summary College of Textiles 26 Table 5 – Comparison of water absorbency for soy blend membranes Material Dry mass (g) Wet mass (g) Wet mass increase (%) Wet cellulose membrane (coagulated & kept wet ) 0.28 (after) 4.70 (before) 94 decrease to dry, 1580 increase Dried cellulose membrane 0.49 1.03 110 50% Cellulose / 50% brim membrane 0.18 0.81 350 50 % Cellulose / 50% Profam 974 membrane 0.18 0.81 350 Cell / PF 40% 0.07 0.26 370 Cell / PF 30% 0.11 0.52 470 Cell / PF 20% 0.19 0.60 320

27. 6 – Possible Future work College of Textiles 27

29. 7 - Conclusions College of Textiles 29

31. 8 - References College of Textiles 31