The document is an exploratory project report on manufacturing and analyzing shampoo. It describes the process of making 3 shampoo samples with varying formulations and analyzing them through pH and foam height tests. The results of the tests for each sample are reported and meet standard specifications. The objective of manufacturing different formulations and analyzing them was achieved through this project.

1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(BHU) VARANASI
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
B.Tech Part – II (3rd
semester)
EXPLORATORY PROJECT REPORT
On the topic
“MANUFACTURING AND ANALYSIS OF SHAMPOO”
Under the supervision of
Dr. VIJAY LAXMI YADAV
Submitted by:
Hemant Chouhan (16045041)
Himanshu Kamalvanshi (16045042)
Kamble Shubham Ganpati (16045044)
Kaushal Kumar Yadav (16045045)

2. Mukul Verma (14045059)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor
Dr. Vijay Laxmi Yadav for the continuous support of our
project, for her patience, motivation and immense knowledge.
Her guidance helped us in all the times of project and
experiments done by all of us.
Beside my supervisor, I would like to thank Dr. Shewta (course
convener) for her insightful encouragement and support for the
project.

3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Manufacturing and
analysis of shampoo” is being submitted by :
Mr. Hemant Chouhan (16045041)
Mr. Himanshu Kamalvanshi (16045042)
Mr. Kamble Shubham Ganpati (16045044)
Mr. Kaushal Kumar Yadav (16045045)
Mr. Mukul Verma (14045059)
This project is a record of student’s own work carried out by themselves
under my guidance and supervision in partial fulfilment of requirements
for the completion of the course CHE-291(Exploratory Project) of
Department of Chemical engineering and Technology, IIT(BHU) Varanasi.
Dr. V.L. Yadav
Associate Professor

4. INTRODUCTION
Shampoo is defined as a preparation of a surfactant (surface active
material) in suitable form liquid solid or power which when used under the
conditions specified will remove surface grease, dirt an skin debris from
the hair shaft and scalp without affecting adversely the hair, scalp or
health of the user. Shampoos are of various types and forms on the basis
of physical appearances, constituents and properties. Various forms are
as under:
• Liquid clear shampoos. • Liquid cream or cream lotion shampoos. •
Cream paste shampoos. • Egg shampoos. • Dry shampoos & liquid dry
shampoos. • Baby shampoos. • Powder shampoos.
1. It should effectively and completely remove dust or soil, excessive
sebum or other fatty substances and loose corneal cells from the hair.
2. It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy the psychological
requirements of the user.
3. It should be easily removed on rinsing with water.
4. It should leave the hair non‐dry, soft, lustrous with good manageability
and minimum fly away.
5. It should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.
6. It should not cause any side‐effects/irritation to skin or eye.
7. It should not make the hand rough and chapped.
Ingredients:
Surfactant-it consist of two part one hydrophilic (water loving) and other
is hydrophobic in nature.
Examples - stearic acid, stearic ethanolamide, sodium lauryl sulphate.

5. Viscosity modifiers - NaCl, NH4Cl, cellulose derivatives
Preservatives - Formaldehyde, Alcohol, Methyl Paraben
Foam Boosters - Cocamide DEA, Lauramide DEA, EDTA
PROCEDURE:
SLS + Stearic acid + water Water + preservative + additives
Heat, 700
C Heat,700
C
Water bath
MIX
COOL
Perfume,Dye
PRODUCT

6. Reaction Mechanism:

7. Analysis done:
 pH test – To determine the pH at a temperature of 27 oC. In the
case of liquid shampoo, read the pH directly in the sample in the
pH-meter. In the case of shampoo in the form of powder or paste,
mix 1g of sample with 9 ml of water and determine the pH of the
resulting solution.
 Foam height test – In order to check the ability of a shampoo
to produce lather, the volume of foam obtained under specific
experimental condition is determined.

8. Apparatus- Separation
flask, measuring cylinder
(500 ml), burette stand,
beaker.
Preparation of sample
solution- Distilled water, or
water hardness 100
expressed in ppm of
calcium carbonate shall be
taken for test. Pre-heat the
water to a temperature of
30 oC. Take 500 ml of water
to 10g of shampoo solution
while stirring vigorously.
Continue stirring until
miscibility of shampoo with water is complete. Age the solution at
30 oC for 30 min.
Procedure- fill the separation flask with 200 ml sample solution
place it in the position at the top of measuring cylinder. Fill the
measuring cylinder with 50 ml of sample solution. Open the
stopcock. When all of the solution has run out of the separation
flask, start a stop watch, take the reading of the foam height and
take a second reading at the end of 5 min.
Standard results:
pH test: 4-9
foam height test: 150 mm

9. Hot plate
Sample 1:
Composition-
1. SLS 40.04g (40%)
2. Stearicacid 40.07g (40%)
3. Water up to 100%
4. Formaldehyde 1ml (1%)
5. NaCl 2.04g (2%)
Colour- cream white
Observation-
 pH Test- 6.09
 Foam height- concentration 20 g/L, Temperature 30 oC
Initial foam height = 200 mm
Foam height after 5 min = 160 mm

10. Sample 2:
Composition-
1. SLS 40.0016g (40%)
2. Stearicacid 40.3885g (40%)
3. Formaldehyde 2ml (2%)
4. NaCl 1.0005g (1%)
5. Salicylicacid 2.5162 (2.5%)
6. Water up to 150%
7. NaOH 27 ml (0.5 M)
Colour- Light Purple
Observation-
 pH Test- 6.74
 Foam height- concentration 20 g/L, Temperature 30 oC
Initial foam height = 230 mm
Foam height after 5 min = 175 mm

11. Sample 3:
Composition-
1. SLS 25.035g (25%)
2. Stearicacid 25.0022g (25%)
3. Formaldehyde 2 ml (2%)
4. NaCl 1.0080g (1%)
5. Salicylicacid 2.5012 (2.5%)
6. Water up to 150%
7. NaOH 27 ml (0.5 M)
8. EDTA 2.0070g (2%)
9. Glycerol 5 ml (5%)
Colour- shiny white
Observation-
 pH Test- 6.38
 Foam height- concentration 20 g/L, Temperature 30 oC

12. Initial foam height = 180 mm
Foam height after 5 min = 145 mm
Conclusion
The objective of this project was to manufacture and to analyse the
shampoo of different formulation. We got different results for foam height
and pH test for different formulation. The physical appearance were also
different for different samples. The test results were satisfied by the
standard results.
REFERNCES

13.  Bureau of Indian standards – IS 7884:2004
 Mittal : A Handbook of Cosmetics
 www.cosmeticsdatabase.com