This document discusses managerial communication and exchange theory. It defines managerial communication as communication between managers and employees to transfer information and achieve goals. Effective managerial communication requires clear messages and understanding between team members. Exchange theory views social order as resulting from negotiated exchanges where individuals rationally seek to maximize personal benefits. Patterns of exchange develop to deal with power differences and costs of exercising power. Emotions also factor into social exchange processes. While useful, exchange theory has been criticized for reducing human interaction to purely rational and economic terms.
Communication is the intercourse by words, letters, symbols or messages, and is a way that one organization member shares meaning and understanding with another - Koontz and O'Donnell.
“Communication is an exchange of ideas, facts, opinions or emotions by two or more persons” – Newman and Summer.
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meaning
characteristics
types
advantages
disadvantages
prevention
Communication is the intercourse by words, letters, symbols or messages, and is a way that one organization member shares meaning and understanding with another - Koontz and O'Donnell.
“Communication is an exchange of ideas, facts, opinions or emotions by two or more persons” – Newman and Summer.
2 of 17
25 Important Content Marketing Stats
Kudos - A Peer-to-Peer Discussion S...
10 #MarketingMistakes Your Small Bu...
Introduction to Material Design - ...
Top 10 Tactical Tips for Giving Tue...
SMASH Keynote: The Infinite Future
2 of 17
25 Important Content Marketing Stats
Kudos - A Peer-to-Peer Discussion S...
10 #MarketingMistakes Your Small Bu...
Introduction to Material Design - ...
Top 10 Tactical Tips for Giving Tue...
SMASH Keynote: The Infinite Future
2 of 17
25 Important Content Marketing Stats
Kudos - A Peer-to-Peer Discussion S...
10 #MarketingMistakes Your Small Bu...
Introduction to Material Design - ...
Top 10 Tactical Tips for Giving Tue...
SMASH Keynote: The Infinite Future
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Kudos - A Peer-to-Peer Discussion S...
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meaning
characteristics
types
advantages
disadvantages
prevention
discussion of communication impacts on organizations performance and employees too. besides that its role in job satisfaction citizenship behavior enhancement
Objectives of Business communication - definition and 10 objectivesAnjuSatheesh3
Objectives of Business communication - definition and 10 objectives
In this i have explained the objectives, benchmark of communication along with introduction definition and conclusion
discussion of communication impacts on organizations performance and employees too. besides that its role in job satisfaction citizenship behavior enhancement
Objectives of Business communication - definition and 10 objectivesAnjuSatheesh3
Objectives of Business communication - definition and 10 objectives
In this i have explained the objectives, benchmark of communication along with introduction definition and conclusion
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A "Hello World" style lightning talk I prepared for a Hello World of programming languages event at work. The goal was to give a rundown of languages we have been playing with and are interested in, and share an overview of the language.
The requirement was to give an overview of the language; where it's weaknesses might lie, as no language is perfect for everything; show FizzBuzz in the presentation to have a baseline, and show off an example of what makes it interesting, which included a demo of the Erlang VM's ability to do live code reloading.
Mobile will surpass all other media both in terms of penetration and time spent. Percentage of mobile investment as well as its role should be fully carefully weighted.
Bộ đề cương thi quốc gia môn anh từ năm 2015 trở đi bao gồm các bài tập cập nhật chương trình mới của BGD sẽ giúp các em có hướng ôn tập đúng chuẩn bị tốt cho kì thi quốc gia 2015 sắp tới.
The importance of communication in Organisations and businesses[1].pdfshaunmashale756
Communication has been described as the lifeblood of an organization. Without it, an organization is lifeless. It is the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others. The sender is the person who sends the message, the message is the information to be conveyed, the channel is the method of sending the message, and the receiver is the person to whom the message is being sent. If there are no receivers to a message, then it is automatically assumed that no communication has taken place. Both senders and receivers are very Important to the communication process. Communication is successful only when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information.
·Final ProjectNow its your turn! Below is all the information.docxtawnyataylor528
·
Final Project
Now it's your turn! Below is all the information given on a training program needed, called Effective Communication. You are a trainer in the given situation. Please submit the following:
1.
Training Needs Assessment
(refer to part 1 of Week 2 assignment "DST Systems" for assessment template)
2.
Powerpoint
covering information provided and your own research, 10 slide minimum, bullet format
3.
700 word APA formatted paper
summarizing how this training will be effective and how it should be evaluated.
All three files must be submitted as attachments...three total.
(VERY IMPORTANT: READ MY WEEK 7 POST WITH MORE INFO AND TIPS ABOUT THIS PROJECT!!)
Situation:
Tim Smith the IT manager comes to you and says "My project coordinators are in a slump; they just are not producing their usual caliber of work. I need to find out what the problem is. No one on the project team knows what is going on. The communcation my project coordinators are giving is coming across as rude, which in turn keeps moral low and the teams are not doing the work. I was hoping you would be able to put together an Effective Communication training for them to help get everyone back on the right track." There are 10 project coordinators in the IT department. Two of the project coordinator's are in the organization's Bangkok office. Tim wants the training to last no longer than 4 hours and wants it to be face to face in a class room with you, the trainer. He does not want to fly the Bangkok assoicates in and would like you to set up a Skype session with them during your training. He also wants you to set up weekly coaching sessions with each project manager and himself for a month after the training is completed.
Training Purchased from USA Training: Effective Communication
You are to use this information, but are not limited to it. Tim wants to make sure this information is covered in the training as he went online and bought it from USA Training, however he is open to what research you find. He wants the training to be interactive and requested that you included at least 1 activity around communication in the training.
Effective Communcation:
Introduction
People in organizations typically spend over 75% of their time in an interpersonal situation; thus it is no surprise to find that at the root of a large number of organizational problems is poor communications. Effective communication is an essential component of organizational success whether it is at the interpersonal, inter-group, intra-group, organizational, or external levels.
In this chapter we will cover the basic process of communication and then we will cover some of the most difficult communication issues managers’ face-providing constructive and effective feedback and performance appraisal.
The Communication Process
Although all of us have been communicating with others since our infancy, the process of transmitting information from an individual (or group) to another is a very complex proces.
ow its your turn! Below is all the information given on a trainin.docxalfred4lewis58146
ow it's your turn! Below is all the information given on a training program needed, called Effective Communication. You are a trainer in the given situation. Please submit the following:
1. Training Needs Assessment (refer to previous assignment DST Systems for assessment template)
2. Powerpoint covering information provided and your own research, no less than 10 slides
3. 700 word minimum paper summarizing how this training will be effective and how it should be evaluated.
Situation:
Tim Smith the IT manager comes to you and says "My project coordinators are in a slump; they just are not producing their usual caliber of work. I need to find out what the problem is. No one on the project team knows what is going on. The communcation my project coordinators are giving is coming across as rude, which in turn keeps moral low and the teams are not doing the work. I was hoping you would be able to put together an Effective Communication training for them to help get everyone back on the right track." There are 10 project coordinators in the IT department. Two of the project coordinator's are in the organization's Bangkok office. Tim wants the training to last no longer than 4 hours and wants it to be face to face in a class room with you, the trainer. He does not want to fly the Bangkok assoicates in and would like you to set up a Skype session with them during your training. He also wants you to set up weekly coaching sessions with each project manager and himself for a month after the training is completed.
Training Purchased from USA Training: Effective Communication
You are to use this information, but are not limited to it. Tim wants to make sure this information is covered in the training as he went online and bought it from USA Training, however he is open to what research you find. He wants the training to be interactive and requested that you included at least 1 activity around communication in the training.
Effective Communcation:
Introduction People in organizations typically spend over 75% of their time in an interpersonal situation; thus it is no surprise to find that at the root of a large number of organizational problems is poor communications. Effective communication is an essential component of organizational success whether it is at the interpersonal, inter-group, intra-group, organizational, or external levels. In this chapter we will cover the basic process of communication and then we will cover some of the most difficult communication issues managers’ face-providing constructive and effective feedback and performance appraisal.
The Communication Process Although all of us have been communicating with others since our infancy, the process of transmitting information from an individual (or group) to another is a very complex process with many sources of potential error.
In any communication at least some of the "meaning" lost in simple transmission of a message from the sender to the receiver. In many situations a lot .
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
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A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
2. 1. Managing Organization Communication
2. formal and Informal Communication
3. Intrapersonal Communication
4. Models for Inter Personal Communication
5. Exchange Theory.
3. Managerial communication is a function which
helps managers communicates with each other as
well as with employees within the organization.
4. Communication helps in the transfer of information
from one party also called the sender to the other
party called the receiver.
1. The message has to be clear and well understood
in effective communication.
2. The team members should know what their
manager or team leader intends to communicate.
3. helps in the smooth flow of information among
managers working towards a common goal.
5. 1. Interpersonal Communication -
Interpersonal communication generally takes
place between two or more individuals at the
workplace.
2. Organizational Communication -
Communication taking place at all levels in the
organization refers to organizational
communication.
6. Communication is necessary for the exchange of ideas amongst
employees within the organization
Managerial communication is essential at the workplace to
achieve targets within the desired time frame
Effective communication also reduces duplicacy of work
Managers must communicate with their team members to
understand and address their grievances and problems
Managerial communication also helps managers set goals and
targets for themselves and organization
Managerial communication plays a crucial role at the times of
crisis
Employees feel secure and develop a sense of ownership
towards organization
7. Verbal Communication
Written Communication
Body Language
Organizational Communication
Formal Communication
Informal Communication
Direction of Communication Flow
Upward Communication
Downward Communication
8. Individuals need to take care of their body
language while communicating. Make sure you
exude positive body language while
interacting with your fellow workers and
team members.
9. Facial Expressions, Hand movements and
Gestures
Do not carry a frown on your face. Smile more often.
This way people would love interacting with you and
pay attention to whatever you intend to communicate.
Hand movements also play an important role in
effective managerial communication. The speaker
must not fiddle with things while speaking. It is
essential for managers to make an eye contact
with team members for the desired impact.
10. Verbal communication is one of the most common
ways of communicating at the workplace
Body Language
Facial Expressions, Hand movements and
Gestures
Written modes of communication
Emails need to be self explanatory with a relevant
subject line
Communication also takes place through circulars
and notices.
11. Partiality and workplace politics are the major barriers to effective
communication at the workplace.
Managers must not be partial to any of their team members
As responsible managers one must stay away from nasty politics
at workplace.
Listen carefully what the other person has to say before jumping
to conclusions
Do not address your team members just for the sake of it. Take
care of your pitch and tone.
Do not address employees during lunch hours or when they are
about to leave for the day
Prefer not to interact verbally.
Do not communicate separately with your team members as
information might not reach in its desired form.
14. • gossip - noun- light informal conversation for
social occasions
1. a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other
people
2. a person given to gossiping and divulging personal
information about others
• gossip - verb -wag one's tongue; speak about
others and reveal secrets or intimacies
1. talk socially without exchanging too much information
15.
16. Grapevine is an informal communication,
unorganized and unofficial channelof
communication in an organization. When the formal
channels fail or do not work properly and some over-
smart people spread rumors, false and irresponsible
statement or half-truths in all the directions. It is
called communication on the grapevine channel.
17. • Grapevine communication, information spreads very
fast in all directions as this vine of grapes spreads.
• Grapevine means a source of secret information. It
is kind of horizontal communication, which takes
place within a group, between persons of equal
status.
• Grapevine is an integral part of the communication
system in an organization. This is the highly
sensitive channel as it is a great boon as well as a
curse.
18. The grapevine consists a complex network of
informal contacts between the workers at all
levels, wherever there are human beings, there is
grapevine.
grapevine is the natural activity of workers and
denotes a basic human weakness.
19.
20. The Wheel,
The Cluster,
The Chain and
Free Flow.
21.
22. In this type of grapevine, one person is
predominant. He transmits grapevine to different
persons or group of persons. He is at the center
and various lines of communication become the
stokers of the wheel. Every person in the wheel
becomes the causative factor for starting another
wheel.
23.
24. The cluster like grapes, have several groups of
people linked together by a cluster or chain of
communication.
25.
26. Chain is the most common pattern in which
information passes through a series of people
linked together in the organization.
27.
28. Most of the rumors or idle gossip is spread by
random, free flow or haphazard network, which
includes a number of people who are not
necessarily linked by any organizational thread.
29.
30. • Grapevine communication brings about a strong
bond among peer groups. It develops because of
the involvement of the persons connected with an
organization. It gives mental satisfaction to the
participants and gradually reduces emotional
outbursts and reactions. It keeps the employees
anticipating and acts as a buffer against
Shockwaves. It is fast and can supplement formal
channels. It provides informal feedback on the
changes contemplated by the Management.
31.
32. • Grapevine, is definitely dangerous to the health of
an organization if allowed to grow without
monitoring. Grapevine channel distorts or
exaggerates the content of a message. It has the
potential to spread unnecessary gossip. It may
result in character assassination and personal
vilification of individuals. It may provoke sudden
unwanted and unexpected reactions from
emotionally unstable people.
33. • Grapevine channels can be moderated but not
eliminated. A transparent administration policy,
employee-friendly attitude, fruitful peer group meetings,
inter-action sessions, parties and outings where all
those connected with the organisation participate are
some of the strategies to monitor grapevine and use it
to the advantage of the organization. Business houses
and industries adopt one or several of these strategies
to keep grapevine under reasonable control so that it
does not degenerate into a rumour mill and promote
unwanted gossip sessions among the employees.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38. Intrapersonal Communication is defined as the
communication process within an individual.
The way that society communicates in our complex
daily lives may only be understood after we are
able to comprehend that communication utterly
relies on our particular perceptions.
39. Self-conception(self-awareness)
Belief(true or false, good or bad)
Values(right or wrong)
Attitude(learned idea of the person and it is generally consistent
with value)
Perception(understanding of both within and outside
world)
Expectation(futuristic oriented message )
Internal discourse(thinking, concentrating and analyzing
within one self)
Solo-vocal(one shouts loudly for clarifying one-self or
rehearsing)
Solo-written communication(writing for oneself )
40.
41. It is an exchange of information between two or
more people. It is also an area of study. Related
skills are learned and can be improved.
During interpersonal communication there is
message sending and message receiving.
42. Communication is a social process involving
understanding and transfer of information from
one person to others.
43.
44.
45.
46. Employees at all levels spend majority of their day
communicating
The major skill upon which employees depend is
communication
Unless employees can communicate with their
fellow employees, boss and supervisors they are
doomed to failure as effective managers
47. Whatever media used employees use 70-90% of
their waking hours communicating.
Only too often People do not say what they mean
and do not mean what they say.
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48. The power of idea largely depends on two things.
The swiftness and clarity with which it is received.
The ease with which it is recalled.
49. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Includes letters, faxes memos
Some experts believe that communicating with
this medium ensures that intended message will
reach to the receiver every one will read the same
words so everyone will get the same message.
50. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
It includes telephones, intercom and other voice
communication.
Can be more effective because they use 45 % of
message capability(7 verbal and 37 tonal)
THIRD PARTY COMMUNICATION
Worst of four methods.
Not only the message coveys the meaning author
intends but also the message may be interpreted
differently by the receiver
It leads to ambiguity and confusion.
51. FACE TO FACE
It is the best way to communication in most cases
Offers full range of communication.
Sender can impart desired meaning and receiver can
ask questions or ask if clarification is needed.
However the effectiveness of medium depend s on
kind of message and characteristics of listener.
GESTURAL COMMUNICATION.
This type of communication is done without the use of
speech .Thoughts are communicated through bodily
movements.
53. WHAT WIFE SAYS TO THE HUSBAND
……….go to the store, lay down the mulch,
wash and wax the car, get the kids to school rent some
videos, and finish the rest of dishes
What husbands hear
Go blah blah blah lay down blah blah blah and
Blah blah blah get blah blah blahs some blah blah
blah rest.
54. HOW DOES SALES THINKS
We need 10 more people
It will lead to greater sales
Hence greater profit.
HOW DOES HR THINKS
We need to cut sales staff by 10
It will reduce cost
Hence increase profit
SOLUTION
Effective interpersonal communication
55. accurate self perception increases the likelihood
of accurate interpersonal communication.
realistic perception of others is a key element in
solving problems jointly and working with others.
TENDENCIES CAUSING PERCEPTIONAL
DISTORTIONS ARE:
56. Stereotyping-typically classifying a group on basis
of a bias
The halo effect-positive impression of someone
Implicit personality theory-assumption that traits
go together
57. THEORY OF BALANCE BY DARWIN
There is a tendency to maintain balance in our
body, structure and attitude.
In case of imbalance balance is regained through
cooperation with our peers and family.
EMPHATIC LISTENING
We are either speaking or preparing to speak.
58. Ask…….are we ignoring?
Are we pretending?
Are we selectively listening?
Are we listening attentively?
Are we indulging in emphatic listening?
59. Interpersonal communication cannot make up
for ineffective actions or half hearted efforts
because
Superficial words could easily be sensed
Character and integrity generates trust and
communicates most
60. Taking responsibility for the every word uttered.
Activating the brain before activating the mouth.
Thinking of the impact words will have.
61. Apologizing seriously in case of mistakes.
Keeping commitments .
Attending to little things.
Engaging mind before mouth.
Criticizing action behavior instead of personality.
62. Smile always.
Be appreciative.
Pay attention.
Practice active listening.
Bringing people together.
Resolve conflicts.
Communicate clearly using simple language.
Step in others shoes.
Avoid complaining.
63. Exchange theories view social order as the
unplanned outcome of acts of exchange between
members of society.
64. It is a social psychological and sociological perspective
that explains social change and stability as a process of
negotiated exchanges between parties.
Social exchange theory posits that human relationships
are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis
and the comparison of alternatives.
The theory has roots in economics, psychology and
sociology. Social exchange theory features many of the
main assumptions found in rational choice theory and
structuralism
65. People who are involved in the interaction are rationally seeking
to maximize their profits.
Most gratification among humans comes from others.
People have access to information about social, economic, and
psychological aspects of their interactions that allows them to
consider alternative, more profitable situations relative to their
present situation.
People are goal oriented in a freely competitive system.
Exchange operates within cultural norms.
Social credit is preferred over social indebtedness.
The more deprived the individual feels in terms of an act, the
more the person will assign value to it.
People are rational and calculate the best possible means to
compete in rewarding situations. The same is true of punishment
avoidance situations.
66. Mate selection research,
marital stability research,
marital satisfaction research,
family violence research,
parenting research,
role differentiation research,
work relationships research, and
family relationships research.
68. it is sometimes known, rational-action theory
locates the source of order in the personal
advantage individuals gain through co-operative
exchange.
Can be traced as far back as classical political
economy of the eighteenth century.
EX: Adam Smith's theory of the division of labour,
expounded at the start of The Wealth of Nations
(1776)
69. claims that both order and the pursuit of individual
advantage are effects of the underlying ritual and
symbolic nature of the thing exchanged.
has grown out of the fact that market institutions in
non-industrialized societies are typically more
rudimentary than those found in modern
economies. Exchange does exist, but it contains
an important element of obligation, whereas
market transactions are by definition based on
choice.
71. there are two types of power: fate control and
behavior control. Fate control is the ability to affect
a partner’s outcomes.
Behavior control is the power to cause another’s
behavior to change by changing one’s own
behavior.
72. People develop patterns of exchange to cope with
power differentials and to deal with the costs
associated with exercising power.
These patterns describe behavioral rules or norms
that indicate how people trade resources in an
attempt to maximize rewards and minimize costs.
73. There are Reciprocity, Generalized Exchange, and
Productive Exchange. In a direct exchange,
reciprocation is confined to the two actors. One
social actor provides value to another one and the
other reciprocates. There are three different types
of reciprocity:
Reciprocity as a transactional pattern of
interdependent exchanges
Reciprocity as a folk belief
Reciprocity as a moral norm
75. Emotions produced by exchange are involuntary,
internal responses.
Individuals attempt to understand what in a social
exchange situation produces emotions
The mode of exchange determines the features of the
exchange task and influences the attribution of the
emotion produced.
The attribution of emotions resulting from different
exchange modes impact the solidarity felt with
partners or groups.
Through these emotional processes, networks can
develop group properties.
76. Katherine Miller outlines several major objections to or problems with the
social exchange theory as developed from early seminal works.
reduces human interaction to a purely rational process that arises
from economic theory.
favors openness as it was developed in the 1970s when ideas of
freedom and openness were preferred, but there may be times
when openness isn’t the best option in a relationship.
assumes that the ultimate goal of a relationship is intimacy when
this might not always be the case.
places relationships in a linear structure, when some relationships
might skip steps or go backwards in terms of intimacy.