The document discusses four main management styles: 1. Autocratic - Management makes all decisions without input from staff. Communication flows only from management down. 2. Persuasive - Management makes final decisions but discusses the reasoning with staff beforehand. Centralized power and decision-making remains with management. 3. Consultative - Management presents problems to staff, gets suggestions, and makes the final decision. Communication flows both ways but decisions still rest with management. 4. Participative - Authority is decentralized and staff are empowered and involved in decision-making. Commonly used in professional organizations where employees have similar skills.

1. Management Styles A managers ‘ style ’ will govern how they interact with others in the organisation.

2. Autocratic Persuasive Consultative Participative Management makes decision and tells staff. Management makes decision and invites questions. Management presents problem, asks for suggestions and makes decision Management presents problem and staff and management work together to make decision

3. Autocratic Style Strong, centralised control with a single source of authority The expectation that subordinates follow orders One-way communication from the top down External motivation through sanctions and rewards Need for constant supervision Poor working relationships Staff fear management

4. Persuasive Style Centralisation of power Policy and decision making determined by management Staff are encouraged to commit to tasks through use of persuasive techniques Decisions still made for staff even though time is taken by management to discuss basis for decision making process

5. Consultative Style Communication flows both from and to management Policy making still rests with management but discussions held with staff prior to the final determination Can slow decision making Costly Change can take longer to establish

6. Participative Style Authority and power decentralised throughout the organisation Encouragement of employee empowerment (involved in decision making process) Frequently adopted by professional organisations where intellectual abilities and skills of employees are similar

7. Employees self directed and intrinsically motivated. Criticised by some as style whereby management abdicates responsibility In the extreme can lead to a laissez-faire situation Style of management in which organisation and its people are allowed to drift with very few useful management outcomes.

8. Management style selected according to situation.