The female reproductive system provides several functions.
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop.
If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow.
In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be menopausal.
This presentation will cover human reproduction system in detail.
It covers the male as well as the female reproductive system.
Later the slides includes information on menstrual cycle and their phases .
The slides also cover the vital hormones of the reproductive system along with their functions.
# I hope this slide is helpful to you all readers
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MHPandian M
Male reproductive functions
The male reproductive tract
Sagittal segments of testes and epididymis
Adolescence
General Physical Changes
Stages of spermatogenesis
Structure of the human spermatozoon.
Pathway for the passage of sperms
Semen
Composition & function
Capacitation
Factors affecting spermatogenesis
Hormones necessary for spermatogenesis
Functions of testosterone
Disorders of sexual development / applied
The female reproductive system provides several functions.
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop.
If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow.
In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be menopausal.
This presentation will cover human reproduction system in detail.
It covers the male as well as the female reproductive system.
Later the slides includes information on menstrual cycle and their phases .
The slides also cover the vital hormones of the reproductive system along with their functions.
# I hope this slide is helpful to you all readers
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MHPandian M
Male reproductive functions
The male reproductive tract
Sagittal segments of testes and epididymis
Adolescence
General Physical Changes
Stages of spermatogenesis
Structure of the human spermatozoon.
Pathway for the passage of sperms
Semen
Composition & function
Capacitation
Factors affecting spermatogenesis
Hormones necessary for spermatogenesis
Functions of testosterone
Disorders of sexual development / applied
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
a brief presentation of both the males and females reproductive system, anatomy and its physiology, outlined in sequentially and in a way easier to understand.
Anatomy and physiology of male reproductive systemPallavi Lokhande
The organs of the male reproductive system include the testes, a system of ducts (including the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra), accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands), and several supporting Structures, including the scrotum and the penis.
and knowledge of this system can help in knowing abnormality in it as well as can be used as study material
Learning disabilities are neurologically-based processing problems. These processing problems can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home.
Adolescence, transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints.Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body.
Head injuries are one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults. The injury can be as mild as a bump, bruise (contusion), or cut on the head, or can be moderate to severe in nature due to a concussion, deep cut or open wound, fractured skull bone, or from internal bleeding and damage to the brain.
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding.Both result in parts of the brain not functioning properly.
A spinal cord injury refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of diseases resulting in a change either temporary or permanent, in its normal motor, sensory or autonomic function.
In 1911, Eugen Bleuler, first used the word "schizophrenia."The word schizophrenia does come from the Greek words meaning "split" and "mind," & refers to the way that people with schizophrenia are split off from reality; they cannot tell what is real and what is not real.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
3. Male Reproductive Organs
External Male
Reproductive Organs
1. Scrotum
2. Penis
Internal male reproductive
organs
1. Testis
2. Epididymis
3. Vas Deferens
4. Accessory Glands
a. Seminal Vesicles
b. Prostate Gland
c. Bulbourethral Glands
4. Scrotum
• A pouch of skin formed from lower part of
abdominal wall.
• Scrotum forms a pouch in which testes are
suspended outside body.
• Scrotum keeps testes at a temperature slightly
cooler than body temperature.
5. Penis
• Penis is male external genital organ for passage of
urine and semen to exterior.
• It is about 10 cm long, 4 cm breath flaccid muscular
cylindrical organs.
• Composed mainly of three cylindrical columns of
erectile tissue.
7. Testis
• Testis are oval-shaped male reproductive organs
located in scrotum, just behind penis.
• Testis are 4.5 cm in length, 2.5 cm breath, 3 cm in
thicken and weight about 10-14 gm.
• In embryo, testis develop within upper abdominal
cavity and during 7th month of fetal life they
migrate into scrotum.
8. • Each testis consists of 200 to 300 lobules.
• Each testis is made of tightly coiled
structures called seminiferous tubules.
9. • Testes contain 3
types of cells:
1. Germ cells
2. Sertoli cells,
and
3. Leydig
(interstitial)
cells
10.
11. • Germ cells undergoing progressive differentiation
and development into mature spermatozoa.
• Sertoli cells are supporting cells
• Ledyig (interstitial) cells are testosterone producing
cells
12. Epididymis
• Epididymis is a tightly coiled tubes against testicles.
• Is comma shaped structure which consists of head,
body and tail, that is continuous with vas deferens.
• It acts as maturation and storage place for sperm.
13.
14. Vas deferens
• Vas deferens is a thin tube and continuation of
epididymis to urethra in penis.
• They transport sperm from the epididymis in
anticipation of ejaculation.
15.
16. Accessory glands
• Accessory glands are
– Seminal Vesicles
– Prostate Gland
– Bulbourethral gland
• These glands produce nourishing fluids for
sperms that enter urethra.
17. Seminal Vesicles
• Seminal Vesicles are sac-like structures attached to
vas deferens at one side of bladder.
• They produce a sticky yellowish fluid that contains
fructose.
18.
19. Prostate Gland
• Prostate Gland surrounds ejaculatory ducts at base of
urethra, just below the bladder.
• Is responsible for making production of semen, a
liquid mixture of sperm cells, prostate fluid and
seminal fluid.
20.
21. Bulbourethral Glands
- Bulbourethral Glands are two small glands located on
sides of urethra just below prostate gland.
- These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that
empties directly into urethra.
22.
23. Spermatogenesis
Introduction
• Spermatogenesis is the process by which
primitive male gametes become mature sperm.
• Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous
tubules under influence of Follicle stimulating
hormone (FHS) and testosterone.
24. • Pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH),
which stimulates synthesis and secretion of
testosterone by Leydig cells, and follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH), which acts with
testosterone on Sertoli cells to stimulate
spermatogenesis
25. • Germinal epithelial cells lining seminiferous tubules are
called spermatogonia.
• They are present at birth but do not produce spermatozoa
until puberty.
• At puberty, spermatozoa begin to actively divide under
influence (FSH) and continues throughout adult life.
• Spermatogonia enter maturation process every 16 days, and
development from spermatogonia stem cells to mature sperm
cells takes about 75 days.
26.
27. Process of Spermatogenesis
1. Shortly before puberty, primordial gremial cells
develop into spermatogonia and remains in wall of
seminiferous tubules.
2. Mitosis cell division occurs resulting differentiation
of Spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes.
3. Each primary spermatocytes contains 22 pairs of
autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
28. 3. Through First meiotic division, secondary
spermatocytes are formed having haploid number
of chromosomes either 23,X or 23, Y from primary
oocytes.
4. Immediately follows, second meiotic division
with formation of four spermatids, each containing
haploid number of chromosomes, two with 23, X
and two with 23, Y.
29. • After formation of spermatids , extensive
morphological differentiation of spermatids
occurs without further cell division to convert
them into spermatozoa/sperm. This process is
called Spermiogenesis.
34. Introduction
• Spermatozoon is a motile cell gamete and shaped liked
a tadpole.
• Structure:
1. Head: head region of sperm that contains DNA.
2. Mid piece: narrow middle part of cell contains
mitochondria.
3. Tail: wavelike motion of flagellum propels sperm
forward.
35.
36. Contd..
• At each ejaculation, 2-4ml of semen is released.
• Seminal fluid contains about 100 million sperm per
milliliter, of which 20-25% are likely to be abnormal.
• Survival time of spermatozoa is approximately 72
hours.
• Only one spermatozoon is necessary to fertilize ovum.
37. Sperm Transport
• During ejaculation, mature spermatozoa are released from vas
deferens along with fluid from prostate, seminal vesicles, and
bulbourethral glands.
• Following ejaculation, released spermatozoa must undergo
capacitation to become competent to fertilize oocyte.
• Capacitation occurs within cervical mucus and involves
removal of inhibitory mediators such as cholesterol from sperm
surface, tyrosine phosphorylation, and calcium ion influx.
38. • When sperm reach tubal isthmus they are slowly released
into ampulla, further reducing number of sperm that reach
oocyte.
• Sperm transport from posterior vaginal fornix to fallopian
tubes occurs within 2 minutes during follicular phase of
menstrual cycle
39. Fertilization
• As capacitated sperm near and pass through cumulus cells
surrounding oocyte, hydrolytic enzymes are released from
acrosome via exocytosis in a process called acrosome
reaction.
• Following acrosome reaction, sperm binds to and
penetrates zona pellucida.
• Resulting sperm to fuse with plasma membrane of oocyte,
an event that promotes changes in oocyte and prevent entry
by additional sperm.
40. • As first sperm penetrates zona pellucida, cortical
granules are released ( cortical reaction) from
oocyte.
• This stops oocyte’s zona pellucida from binding new
sperm and inhibits penetration by previously bound
sperm, further reducing possibility of polyspermy.
