The document outlines India's national geospatial policies regarding public safety, security, and disaster management, emphasizing the strategic need for liberalizing access to spatial data while ensuring national security. It details various aspects of mapping policies, remote sensing data, and aerial photography, highlighting the balancing act between facilitating development and protecting sensitive information. The text concludes with recommendations for further liberalization and collaboration with the geospatial industry to enhance capabilities while changing perceptions of geospatial data from a security threat to a development tool.

1. e world forum 2011 NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL POLICIES: FOR PUBLIC SAFETY, SECURITY,DISASTER MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES & WAY FORWARD By MAJ GEN RC PADHI Integrated Hqrs of Min of Defence (Army)

2. POLICY & ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIPS & ALLIANCES ASSYMETRIC WARFARE PROLIFERATION OF WMD GLOBALISATION TERRORISM UNSTABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD SPREAD OF POLITICISED RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM MO

3. Hostile Neighborhood… Border Dispute.. Increased activism along border…. Internal LWE problem adventurism by hostile nations Increasing influence of hostile nations on India’s growth …collaborative threat. INDIA’S STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT

4. NATIONAL MAP POLICY (NMP) CCS approved NMP initiated by DST on 27.04.05. SOI mandated to take leadership role in liberalizing access of spatial data to user groups without jeopardizing national security. Two series maps namely Defence Series Maps (DSM) and Open Series Maps (OSM) approved. OSMs on WGS-84 datum are unrestricted after one time security clearance of MOD. Contents include contour and heights, in maps pertaining to unrestricted zones. DSMs will have VAs and VPs, on Everest/WGS-84 User agencies free to use/publish OSMs on hard copy and web with or without GIS data base. All transactions registered in the Map Transaction Registry (MTR) with the details of the receiving agency, end user. Accuracy of OSMs and DSMs same and derived from National Topographical Data Base (NTDB). New Map Policy envisaged implementation within one year . Progress so far slow.

5. REMOTE SENSING DATA POLICY All data resolutions upto 1.0m shall be distributed on a non-discriminatory basis and on as requested by DOS. All data of 1.0m and better than 1.0m resolution will be screened by an appropriate agency before distribution to exclude images of sensitive areas. Data of 1m resolution and better will also be screened as above & distributed to Govt users without any further clearance. Pvt agencies recommended by at least one Govt agency for use of 1m and better resolution data for developmental activities can obtain without any further clearance. Other Pvt, foreign users can get 1m and better resolution data after further clearance from inter agency High Resolution Image Clearance Committee(HRC). Specific sale/non-disclosure agreements to be concluded between NRSA and users for data of 1m resolution and better.

6. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY POLICY The policy regarding Aerial Photography (AP)/Aircraft borne remote sensing data and imageries acquisition, classification, storage and Issue activities were reviewed in 1989 . Policy focused on analogue aerial photography & was not industry friendly. AP tasks carried out by two govt agencies IAF, NRSA. Pvt agencies on case to case basis. Emergence of Digital camera, LiDAR technology, High Resolution satellite data, GPS technology, GIS and civil needs for geospatial data made the policy inadequate. MoD revised the AP policy in May 2006 covering new sensors, pvt participation, and rationalization of security classifications. Further review under examination.

7. SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OSMs are compatible with GPS and satellite imageries. Maps, imageries in public domain contain info required by anti national groups/adversaries. Licensed Users of SoI authorized to publish value added maps/products but many foreign companies publish maps, imageries in web with out GOI approval. Guidelines to audit the end usage of the maps not adequate from security prospective. National Map Transaction Registry (NMTR) record transactions. OSMs basically DSMs without sensitive details. Value addition without scrutiny & check makes maps/Imegeries vulnerable for security risk. Publishing of maps with or without GIS data base on web allowed in NMP. National GIS Policy not framed. Lack of legal teeth against misuse of Geospatial data.

8. SECURITY SAFEGUARDS SoI mandated with liberalization of geospatial data without jeopardizing national security. Contents approved by CCS. Survey of India(SoI) to ensure civil and military VAs/VPs not shown on OSMs. MoD advice on OSMs are restricted only on the contours and other projections in border areas and near defence installations. SoI will issue from time to time guidelines for access by user agencies. Sale of OSMs to any agency through an agreement for specific end use. Transaction through an agreement for specified end use with details of the receiving agency. SoI responsible for certification of International Boundary. Large Scale city maps published by SoI in consultation with MOD.

9. MAPS ON WGS 84 As Per new map policy OSM/ DSMs will be on Everest/WGS-84 Datum with Polyconic/UTM Projections. Common Datum,reference System for the three Services. Geo-centric WGS-84 Datum,LCC Projection and exclusively designed grid for DSMs accepted. LCC Projections in place of UTM Projection has been chosen on which Grids will be super imposed. DSMs will be on scales 1:250k,1:50k,1:25k and 1:10k . Map contents will be all Geographic features with civil and defence vital points and areas. A new lay out has been designed with new sheet numbering. The symbology and colour will be common for OSMs and DSMs.

10. SPECIMEN OF WGS84 MAP

11. IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES. WAY FORWARD WAY AHEAD

12. Turning Maps and Imagery Into Intelligence

13. Integration of maps, charts, imageries, geological, geophysical, environmental, sociological data to produce timely relevant and accurate information is Geospatial Intelligence. Know the Earth, Show the Way Geospatial Intelligence Aerial/Satellite Image Data Digital Elevation Data Topographic Data Raster Data Biological/Ecological Data Geological/Geographic Ethnological Data Oceanographic Data Meteorological Data Climatological Data

14. IMAGE FUSION

15. Need for higher Resolutions

16. ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY …. INCREASE IN REACH, SOPHISTICATION OF THREATS… OWN STRATEGIC ASSETS IN HINTERLAND ALSO VULNERABLE. INCREASED SOPHISTICATION OF SYSTEMS UAVs AND DRONEs better 3 D data. C -130 …LOW FLYING AIR CRAFT REQUIRE HIGH RESOLUTION DEM,OBS DATA,AERONAUTICAL CHARTS. BALLISTIC AND CRUISE MISSILES WARGAMING TAC & CIDSS SYS REQUIRE MENTS OF GEOSPATIAL DATA DENIAL OF OWN GEO-SPATIAL DATA TO INIMICAL COUNTRIES RECEIVED THROUGH GOOGLE & OTHER SOURCES TO PROTECT OWN STRATEGIC AND OTHER ASSETS & PROVIDE ACCURATE LATEST DATA TO OWN FORCES. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLANGES

17. IMAGES, GEOSPATIAL DATA IN NET CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE Aerial Camera IMINT UAV video C3I Naval & Ground Systems Airborne Systems Large scale Maps Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance Systems SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE I

18. Enterprise GIS & SDI GIS Attribute data Digitized Maps Imageries Policy Army Air force Navy Battlefield simulation Soldiers

19. CONCLUDING REMARKS NMP& liberalized Geospatial policies provides an opportunity to support development without compromising security. High resolution Mapping & GIS requirements being huge out sourcing of defence needs to Geospatial Industry recommended. Geo spatial Industry required to invest in aerial survey, Image processing, LiDAR mapping, development of GIS applications . Focus on Capacity building by academia/universities . Policy require further liberalization to make it more Industry friendly and support on PPP mode on Geospatial services. Change in mindset of security agencies necessary to look map as a development tool instead of security threat.

20. Questions?

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