ESA Ramani Huria: Mapping for Flood Resilience, Fusing Remote Sensing and Community Participation for Flood Resilience
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Presentation to the European Space Agency at their Earth Observation conference at ESRIN, Italy in September 2016. Licensed using a Creative Commons share-a-like non commercial license.
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ESA Ramani Huria: Mapping for Flood Resilience, Fusing Remote Sensing and Community Participation for Flood Resilience
- 1. OpenDataTanzania Dr Mark Iliffe miliffe@worldbank.org RAMANI HURIA: MAPPING FOR FLOOD RESILIENCE FUSING REMOTE SENSING AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR FLOOD RESILIENCE 1
- 3. “embrace open data and standards, innovative and creative approaches and platforms that are fit-for-purpose to collect and collate, share and distribute geospatial information” “ ” 2016 UNGGIM Addis Ababa Declaration FuturePolicyFrameworks DataRequirements
- 5. - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Population(millions) African population growth Urban Rural RapidUrbanizationandUnplannedGrowthBringsChallenges DaresSalaamContext
- 9. Hazard,Exposure,VulnerabilityandRisk TypicalDataRequirements Hazard Analysis: • Elevation Model • Land Use/ Land Cover • Drainage network • Rainfall Intensity Duration frequency Exposure mapping: • Buildings, Roads • Critical facilities • Population distribution day/night Vulnerability Assessment • Disabled • Livelihoods • Shelter access • Early Warning Hazards Exposure Vulnerability Risk + + +
- 10. Challenges DataRequirements Insufficient Data • Elevation Model 5% areas LIDAR 30cm • Lack of Met data • Rapid Hydrodynamic changes Informal Data • 80% Unplanned Growth • Inconsistent census and admin boundary data Socio-Cultural Factors • Informal economy / livelihoods • Rentals Local Capacity • Data Management • Data Analysis
- 11. Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani Huria RamaniHuria Started March 2015: 150 Students, 100+ Community Members
- 12. Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani Huria RamaniHuria Goal: 1 million residents in flood prone vulnerable communities / Currently: • Target Areas: 2012 Population: 1,127,729 • Target Areas: 2015 Population est: 1,296,888 (~15% Growth)
- 13. Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani Huria RamaniHuria • 160,000 Building Footprints, 500km+ of waterways, rivers and drainage, • 1000s of toilets, water points
- 14. Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation Modelling Mapsas aPlatform
- 15. Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation Modelling Mapsas aPlatform
- 16. Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation Modelling Mapsas aPlatform
- 17. Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation Modelling Mapsas aPlatform
- 18. Outputs RamaniHuria Drainage Analysis by Ward • Over 265km of drainage mapped • 4407/357km of drains • 256/124km Streams/Rivers
- 19. Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation Modelling Mapsas aPlatform
- 20. Digital Globe, Sentinel, UAVs AvailableRemoteSensingResources • 100km2 30cm, 2015 • Donated in support of Missing Maps. WorldView-3 sensors • 36GB Compressed – Challenging to download: Remote TMS/ local geotiff • UAVs 150km2 Orthomosaic, Point Clouds, Digital Elevation Models
- 21. Low Cost Mapping Drones AvailableRemoteSensingResources
- 22. Elevation Model and Point Cloud UAVsData • 8cm Point Cloud and Digital Surface Model • Derived from UAVs • Density of urban environment challenging when creating an accurate inundation model
- 23. Fusion of Data Stream Outputs RamaniHuria • 745,989 Building Footprints • 88km of Imagery and Surface Models • 2091km of Roads
- 24. Low Cost Mapping Drones AvailableRemoteSensingResources
- 25. OpenDataTanzania
- 28. • Creating a map of Zanzibar Islands at very high resolution, released as open data • Introduction of a cost effective technology for land monitoring • Building different projects around the data (Conservation, Land tenure, Urban Planning, etc…) • Local Capacity Building • Increasing the efficiency in data colection from the Commission of Lands • Creating opportunities for new local businesses to develop around the technology Zanzibar Mapping Initiative BuildingaGeospatialPlatform
- 29. • 9 drones are deployed in 3 different teams of local operators • 2 power full computer for processing data at a high speed • 3 field computers for flight planning and control • NAS for storing over 10TB of Data • 2’400sq/km to map • 239 zones unguja and 182 in Pemba • 3 teams of 4-5 composed of local surveyors with support of students of State University of Zanzibar • Mission kick-off August 15th 2016 for 2 months Equipment, Team and Mission BuildingaGeospatialPlatform:ZanzibarMappingInitiative
- 31. • Each grid covers an area of 3km x 3 km (9km²). • In optimal conditions (no wind), one zone can be covered in 6 flights (at a GSD= 7 cm). • In order to facilitate data management, each grid has been assigned a unique Zone ID. • There are currently 239 zones in Unguja and 182 Zones in Pemba. In the future, it will be possible to add more zones. Important is to keep the Zone_ID as a unique identifier. • This has been done in order to manage size of data per square and being able to work with it. Scope BuildingaGeospatialPlatform:ZanzibarMappingInitiative
- 37. 43 Machine Learning BuildingaGeospatialPlatform Partnership with IBM Research Kenya
- 38. 44 Discrepancy between distributions hypothesized to be due to large repairs on metal rooftops, which the algorithm detects as individual buildings. Machine Learning BuildingaGeospatialPlatform
- 39. Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer BuildingaGeospatialPlatform
- 42. THANK YOU GRAZIE MILLE ASANTENI SANA Mark Iliffe Geospatial Innovation Specialist miliffe@worldbank.org
- 43. SDGGoal11:Makecitiesinclusive,safe,resilientandsustainable DaresSalaam: RapidandUnplannedGrowth • By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums • By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons • By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries • Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage • By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations • By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management • By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities • Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning • By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels • Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
Editor's Notes
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- Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today By 2030, almost 60 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas 95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world 828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising The world’s cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earth’s land, but account for 60-80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissions Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health But the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption
- 85.2% population increase in 15 years. The primary cities of emerging countries are growing rapidly. Dar es Salaam is not unique
- Landsat 5
- Landsat 8 Exemplifies the urban challenge, rapid unplanned growth, paralleled in lack of infrastructure to mitigate flooding Data is challenging, both in terms of access, but capacity/tools to leverage/optimise usage.
- The impact of flooding in Dar es Salaam Displaces people, damages infrastructure, prevents sustainable development
- Stress the importance of data driven development generally Inform decisions and support policy generation Recall the Addis Ababa UNGGIM declaration with data [NEXT SLIDE TO CONTINUE MESSAGE]
- However, this data is often scant/missing The causes of flooding are not localized, but spread throughout a regional area. Therefore, mass data collection is needed to make sense of the scale of flooding
- Ramani Huria “Open Map” Provides a platform for innovation, fusing drones, remote sensing, citizen data
- Participatory mapping Allows the mapping of risk reduction priorities at a hyper-local level Connects local government officers with citizens to identify
- Generated through basic tools (pens/paper)
- Using flood inundation software, such as Inasafe, identify at-risk infrastructure/population
- Leads to traditional outputs, leveraged by community leaders, city planners and other government/non-governmental organizations
- Traditional outputs cover the city
- Scale the most flood prone neighbourhoods of a city Combine with Red Cross volunteers Identify and create action plans to improve resilience to flooding and plans for disaster management
- Partnership with Digital Globe, 2015 Imagery @30cm Used in a combination of Tile Map Server and local geotiff for digitization Invaluable for areas where UAV use is prohibited/unwise – for example airports
- Transition to drainage follows on click 8cm Digital Surface Model and Point Cloud Challenges in processing areas from UAVs in dense unplanned areas, such as Tandale
- Building Footprints Digital Surface Model / 3D Buildings Flood Risk Identified “At Risk” Buildings
- Flood risk and inundation scenarios
- Pivot to Zanzibar and scaling of Ramani Huria. Ramani Huria methodology is applicable to other countries
- 50cm Aerial Imagery derived (unknown origin, assumed ~2005) Very high resolution drone imagery, digital elevation models; Sentinel 2 The fusing of these streams has applications in urban planning, landuse detection, vegetation etc
- Convoluted Neural Networks, Automatic Building Detection
- Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today By 2030, almost 60 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas 95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world 828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising The world’s cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earth’s land, but account for 60-80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissions Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health But the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption
- Used in a combination of Tile Map Server and difficulties of needing constant connectivity Invaluable for areas where no other dataset exists, used for mapping new cities and towns. Little to no associated metadata, such as month collected
- Little to no associated metadata, such as month collected
- Regular “Mapping Parties” Participants map their home town Spreads mapping across Tanzania;
- Global community digitizing aerial imagery, either satellite imagery or UAV imagery; Tanzania has been featured in New York, Munich and other Missing Maps Mapathons; Uses HOT tasking manager to break up segments, global events. ‘Groundtruthed’ by Ramani Huria community mapping
- …ALLOWS SERVICE PROVIDERS TO TAKE ACTION!
- UAV Image Appears on click. UAV image can drill further down, though due to movement of vehicles the orthorectification could be improved. Aerial Imagery is 30cm / UAV is 4cm