future power generation tech

1. MAGNETOHYDRO DYNAMIC
POWER GENERATION

2. OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WORKING PRINCIPLE
3. STATUS REPORT OF MHD
4. RESEARCH IN MHD
5. ADVANTAGES
6. DISADVANTAGES
7. VIDEOS

3. INTRODUCTION
• MHD power generation is elegantly simple technique. Magneto Hydro Dynamics
(magneto-fluid- dynamics or hydro-magnetics) is the academic discipline which studies
the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids. (Examples of such fluids include plasmas,
liquid metals, and salt water ).
• It mainly based on the principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction.
TYPES OF GENERATOR USED
1. Hall generator
2. Faraday generator
3. Disk generator

4. WORKING
1. High temperature gaseous conductor at high velocity is passed through
a powerful magnetic field and a current is generated and extracted by
placing electrodes at suitable position in the gas stream, and hence the
thermal energy of gas is directly converted in to electrical energy.

7. PRESENT STATUS REPORT OF MHD
• The U.S.A., Japan, China, Poland, Germany, France, Italy, Israel,
Russia and India are actively engaged in this field, each trying to
develop technology suitable to its conditions.
• However Russia was a pioneer in this field and had firm plans to
commission a 500 MW MHD combined cycle plant in 1989. But the
breakup of that country resulted in not only suspension of the work in
that country but also reduced the tempo in other countries which were
awaiting the outcome in Russia.

8. POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
• In Tiruchirapalli , 5MW pilot Project has been set up in MHD centre.
• In advanced countries MHD generators are widely used but in developing countries like
India, it is still under construction, this construction work is in progress at Tiruchi Tamil
Nadu under joint efforts of Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Associated Cement
Corporation and Russian Technologies.
• This Concept would be highly effective, economical and alternative for commercial
projects

9. SL. NO METHOD EFFICIENCY FUTURE
1 MHD power generation (electromagnets) Around 50%
2 Thermo electric power generation Around 3%
3 Thermionic converters Around 15%
4 Photovoltaic or solar cells Around 15%
5 Fuel cell technologies Around 50%
6 Solar power generation Around 30%
7 Wind power generation Around 30%
8 Geo –thermal power generation Around 15%

10. RESEARCH IN MHD
1. MHD Propulsion: There are a number of companies, universities, and agencies
that are exploring the use of MHD as a propulsion technology for the future. These
concepts vary widely exploring use in high- stratospheric flight and also for space
propulsion applications. The appeal of MHD is the ability to generate electrical
power in addition to high velocity thrust.
Space application: The "AJAX" concept of the hypersonic flight vehicle proposed
and developed in the State Hypersonic System Research Institute (GNIPGS) is based on
the active energetic interaction of the flight vehicle with the ambient air flow

11. ADVANTAGES
• In MHD the thermal pollution of water is eliminated. (Clean Energy System)
• Use of MHD plant operating in conjunction with a gas turbine power plant might
not require to reject any heat to cooling water.
• These are less complicated than the conventional generators, having simple
technology.
• There are no moving parts in generator which reduces the energy loss.
• These plants have the potential to raise the conversion efficiency up to 55-60%.
Since conductivity of plasma is very high (can be treated as infinity).

12. DIS ADVANTAGES
• Very large magnets are needed, this is the major expense.
• High friction and High heat transfer losses.
• High operating temperature.
• Even though overall generation cost is less, Dc to Ac converters
increases the cost of plant.

13. THANK YOU