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Magneto hydrodynamic generator
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- 2. OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. WORKINGPRINCIPLE 3. STATUS REPORT OF MHD 4. RESEARCH IN MHD 5. ADVANTAGES 6. DISADVANTAGES 7. VIDEOS
- 3. INTRODUCTION • MHD powergeneration is elegantly simple technique. Magneto Hydro Dynamics (magneto-fluid- dynamics or hydro-magnetics) is the academic discipline which studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids. (Examples of such fluids include plasmas, liquid metals, and salt water ). • It mainly based on the principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction. TYPES OF GENERATOR USED 1. Hall generator 2. Faraday generator 3. Disk generator
- 4. WORKING 1. High temperaturegaseous conductor at high velocity is passed through a powerful magnetic field and a current is generated and extracted by placing electrodes at suitable position in the gas stream, and hence the thermal energy of gas is directly converted in to electrical energy.
- 7. PRESENT STATUS REPORTOF MHD • The U.S.A., Japan, China, Poland, Germany, France, Italy, Israel, Russia and India are actively engaged in this field, each trying to develop technology suitable to its conditions. • However Russia was a pioneer in this field and had firm plans to commission a 500 MW MHD combined cycle plant in 1989. But the breakup of that country resulted in not only suspension of the work in that country but also reduced the tempo in other countries which were awaiting the outcome in Russia.
- 8. POWER GENERATION ININDIA • In Tiruchirapalli , 5MW pilot Project has been set up in MHD centre. • In advanced countries MHD generators are widely used but in developing countries like India, it is still under construction, this construction work is in progress at Tiruchi Tamil Nadu under joint efforts of Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Associated Cement Corporation and Russian Technologies. • This Concept would be highly effective, economical and alternative for commercial projects
- 9. SL. NO METHODEFFICIENCY FUTURE 1 MHD power generation (electromagnets) Around 50% 2 Thermo electric power generation Around 3% 3 Thermionic converters Around 15% 4 Photovoltaic or solar cells Around 15% 5 Fuel cell technologies Around 50% 6 Solar power generation Around 30% 7 Wind power generation Around 30% 8 Geo –thermal power generation Around 15%
- 10. RESEARCH IN MHD 1.MHD Propulsion: There are a number of companies, universities, and agencies that are exploring the use of MHD as a propulsion technology for the future. These concepts vary widely exploring use in high- stratospheric flight and also for space propulsion applications. The appeal of MHD is the ability to generate electrical power in addition to high velocity thrust. Space application: The "AJAX" concept of the hypersonic flight vehicle proposed and developed in the State Hypersonic System Research Institute (GNIPGS) is based on the active energetic interaction of the flight vehicle with the ambient air flow
- 11. ADVANTAGES • In MHDthe thermal pollution of water is eliminated. (Clean Energy System) • Use of MHD plant operating in conjunction with a gas turbine power plant might not require to reject any heat to cooling water. • These are less complicated than the conventional generators, having simple technology. • There are no moving parts in generator which reduces the energy loss. • These plants have the potential to raise the conversion efficiency up to 55-60%. Since conductivity of plasma is very high (can be treated as infinity).
- 12. DIS ADVANTAGES • Verylarge magnets are needed, this is the major expense. • High friction and High heat transfer losses. • High operating temperature. • Even though overall generation cost is less, Dc to Ac converters increases the cost of plant.
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