Lubrication System in forced feed system
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Lubrication System in Internal combustion engine
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Sistem pelinciran
Lubrication is introduced between two sliding surfaces using a lubricant to reduce wear and friction. There are two main types of lubrication systems - manual lubrication using grease guns or sprayers, and automatic lubrication systems which precisely apply lubricant without human intervention. Common automatic lubrication systems include orifice control systems which use orifices to control lubricant flow, injector systems which quickly pressurize lines to inject lubricant, and series progressive systems which progressively lubricate each point with a predetermined amount before moving to the next. Automatic lubrication systems provide benefits like increased safety, efficiency and productivity compared to manual lubrication.
lubricants and tribology of the liquid and solids
Lubrication is the science and practice of minimizing friction and wear between moving surfaces by introducing a lubricant—a substance that forms a protective film—between them. Whether it’s the engine in your car or the gears in industrial machinery, proper lubrication is essential for efficient operation.
Key Functions of Lubricants:
Friction Reduction: Lubricants create a slippery layer, allowing smoother motion and reducing the resistance between surfaces.
Wear Prevention: By preventing direct metal-to-metal contact, lubricants minimize wear and extend the lifespan of components.
Heat Dissipation: During sliding or rolling, lubricants absorb and dissipate heat generated, preventing overheating.
Corrosion Protection: Lubricants shield surfaces from environmental factors that cause corrosion.
Types of Lubricants:
Liquid Lubricants: Oils and greases are common liquid lubricants. They flow easily and fill gaps between surfaces.
Solid Lubricants: Materials like graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) act as solid lubricants.
Boundary Lubrication: Thin films at surface asperities provide protection.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Full fluid film separation due to relative motion.
Oil mist-eliminator
This document describes an oil mist eliminator system that removes oil mist from engine crankcases in marine, industrial, and oil & gas applications. It eliminates all visible oil mist, removes sour gases to extend oil life, and discharges clean air while improving environmental and workplace conditions. The system uses cartridges containing oleophilic media that coalesce oil droplets into larger droplets that drain away, keeping oil from being vented into the atmosphere. Pressure balancing technology also helps ensure consistent operation during variable airflow.
Lubrina 2 brochure
Lubrina 2 automatically performs maintenance (lubrication and cleaning) of handpieces which are essential for daily practice.
Report on Summer Training by Sayan Roy
The document provides details about the author's summer training at an Indian Oil Corporation lube blending plant. It describes the plant's production capacity and certification. It then discusses the process of blending lubricants which involves storing base oils and additives in tanks, blending them in kettles, and packaging the finished lubricants. Quality control and safety procedures are also summarized. The document includes sections on the definition and purpose of lubricants, their classifications, and the types of base oils used.
SYSTEMS OF IC ENGINE- Lubrication System.pptx
The document summarizes the lubrication system of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the purposes of lubrication which are to reduce wear, reduce friction, provide cooling, create a seal, and clean the engine. It describes the splash and forced feed lubrication systems. The splash system uses splashing oil to lubricate while the forced feed system uses an oil pump to directly pump oil to parts. Key components of the forced feed system include the oil pump, oil filter, crankcase breather, and relief valve.
Automatic lubrication system
This document discusses automatic lubrication systems. It begins by explaining the need for lubrication to reduce friction and wear between moving surfaces. It then discusses how early lubrication was unsystematic but has become more sophisticated over time. Automatic lubrication systems are now essential to provide controlled amounts of lubricant to machinery. The key components of these systems are reservoirs to store lubricant, pumps to move it, and filters to clean it. These systems provide lubricant at the proper rate, viscosity, temperature and pressure. The document reviews literature on tribology and lubrication and discusses friction, wear and lubrication techniques. It explains how automatic lubrication systems can prevent delays and extend equipment lifetime by ensuring reliable lubrication.
ENGINE LUBRICATING SYSTEM
This document discusses different types of engine lubrication systems. It describes wet sump lubrication systems, which use oil stored in a sump at the bottom of the engine that is pumped to parts. Within wet sump systems it describes splash, semi-pressure, and full-pressure lubrication. It also describes dry sump systems, which have an external oil tank instead of a sump. The key functions of lubrication systems are reducing friction and wear, minimizing power loss, cooling, cushioning shocks, cleaning, and sealing.
Recommended
Sistem pelinciran
Lubrication is introduced between two sliding surfaces using a lubricant to reduce wear and friction. There are two main types of lubrication systems - manual lubrication using grease guns or sprayers, and automatic lubrication systems which precisely apply lubricant without human intervention. Common automatic lubrication systems include orifice control systems which use orifices to control lubricant flow, injector systems which quickly pressurize lines to inject lubricant, and series progressive systems which progressively lubricate each point with a predetermined amount before moving to the next. Automatic lubrication systems provide benefits like increased safety, efficiency and productivity compared to manual lubrication.
lubricants and tribology of the liquid and solids
Lubrication is the science and practice of minimizing friction and wear between moving surfaces by introducing a lubricant—a substance that forms a protective film—between them. Whether it’s the engine in your car or the gears in industrial machinery, proper lubrication is essential for efficient operation.
Key Functions of Lubricants:
Friction Reduction: Lubricants create a slippery layer, allowing smoother motion and reducing the resistance between surfaces.
Wear Prevention: By preventing direct metal-to-metal contact, lubricants minimize wear and extend the lifespan of components.
Heat Dissipation: During sliding or rolling, lubricants absorb and dissipate heat generated, preventing overheating.
Corrosion Protection: Lubricants shield surfaces from environmental factors that cause corrosion.
Types of Lubricants:
Liquid Lubricants: Oils and greases are common liquid lubricants. They flow easily and fill gaps between surfaces.
Solid Lubricants: Materials like graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) act as solid lubricants.
Boundary Lubrication: Thin films at surface asperities provide protection.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Full fluid film separation due to relative motion.
Oil mist-eliminator
This document describes an oil mist eliminator system that removes oil mist from engine crankcases in marine, industrial, and oil & gas applications. It eliminates all visible oil mist, removes sour gases to extend oil life, and discharges clean air while improving environmental and workplace conditions. The system uses cartridges containing oleophilic media that coalesce oil droplets into larger droplets that drain away, keeping oil from being vented into the atmosphere. Pressure balancing technology also helps ensure consistent operation during variable airflow.
Lubrina 2 brochure
Lubrina 2 automatically performs maintenance (lubrication and cleaning) of handpieces which are essential for daily practice.
Report on Summer Training by Sayan Roy
The document provides details about the author's summer training at an Indian Oil Corporation lube blending plant. It describes the plant's production capacity and certification. It then discusses the process of blending lubricants which involves storing base oils and additives in tanks, blending them in kettles, and packaging the finished lubricants. Quality control and safety procedures are also summarized. The document includes sections on the definition and purpose of lubricants, their classifications, and the types of base oils used.
SYSTEMS OF IC ENGINE- Lubrication System.pptx
The document summarizes the lubrication system of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the purposes of lubrication which are to reduce wear, reduce friction, provide cooling, create a seal, and clean the engine. It describes the splash and forced feed lubrication systems. The splash system uses splashing oil to lubricate while the forced feed system uses an oil pump to directly pump oil to parts. Key components of the forced feed system include the oil pump, oil filter, crankcase breather, and relief valve.
Automatic lubrication system
This document discusses automatic lubrication systems. It begins by explaining the need for lubrication to reduce friction and wear between moving surfaces. It then discusses how early lubrication was unsystematic but has become more sophisticated over time. Automatic lubrication systems are now essential to provide controlled amounts of lubricant to machinery. The key components of these systems are reservoirs to store lubricant, pumps to move it, and filters to clean it. These systems provide lubricant at the proper rate, viscosity, temperature and pressure. The document reviews literature on tribology and lubrication and discusses friction, wear and lubrication techniques. It explains how automatic lubrication systems can prevent delays and extend equipment lifetime by ensuring reliable lubrication.
ENGINE LUBRICATING SYSTEM
This document discusses different types of engine lubrication systems. It describes wet sump lubrication systems, which use oil stored in a sump at the bottom of the engine that is pumped to parts. Within wet sump systems it describes splash, semi-pressure, and full-pressure lubrication. It also describes dry sump systems, which have an external oil tank instead of a sump. The key functions of lubrication systems are reducing friction and wear, minimizing power loss, cooling, cushioning shocks, cleaning, and sealing.
Influence of Cutting Fluid Condition and Cutting Parameter on Material Remova...
This document discusses an experiment conducted to study the effects of different cutting parameters on material removal rate in turning of En31 steel under dry, flooded, and minimum quantity lubrication conditions. The experiment used a Taguchi design of experiments approach with an L9 orthogonal array to test combinations of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Material removal rate was calculated theoretically and experimentally for each test, and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify optimal cutting conditions for maximizing material removal rate. The findings of this study can help improve productivity in machining processes.
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This document summarizes an automatic lubrication system designed for a draw tool used in a hydraulic press machine. The current manual lubrication process requires multiple workers and takes 1.5 hours to lubricate each die. Problems with the existing system include downtime while dies are lubricated, fatigue on workers from manual lubrication, and oil wastage. The proposed automatic system would use nozzles connected to a lubricant reservoir by pneumatic piping to continuously lubricate the dies during operation. This is expected to reduce die heating, cut lubrication time and labor, and increase productivity compared to the manual process. Components of the new system include nozzles selected based on lubricant viscosity, a water-based lubricant, and push-
Lubricants by shakeer
The document discusses lubricants and lubrication mechanisms. There are three main types of lubrication mechanisms: 1) hydrodynamic or thick film lubrication, where a thick layer of lubricant separates moving parts; 2) boundary or thin film lubrication, where a thin film of lubricant is adsorbed onto metal surfaces to prevent direct contact; and 3) extreme pressure lubrication, where additives are used to form surface layers able to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Lubricants are used to reduce friction between machine parts and increase efficiency. The type of lubrication used depends on factors like speed, load, and viscosity.
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This document reviews optimization techniques for epicyclic gear trains and common failures of gears. It discusses how finite element analysis and optimization tools can be used to optimize gearbox design and reduce weight. Some key points:
- Epicyclic gear trains have advantages like high torque capacity, compact size, and efficiency, but also have challenges like high bearing loads.
- Common gear failures include surface wear, cracking, pitting, and corrosion due to factors like loading, lubrication issues, and material defects.
- Optimization techniques aim to minimize weight and number of components while improving load capacity and efficiency. This includes using finite element analysis to optimize housing design.
- Proper design, material selection, lubrication
12 engine lubrication
This document provides information on engine lubrication service, including:
1. General guidelines for engine oils and safety precautions for handling oils.
2. Specifications for oil pressure, sealants, lubricants, and special tools needed for service.
3. Procedures for checking and replacing the engine oil and oil filter, and checking oil pressure.
Diesel Engine Lubrication and Lube Oil Contamination Control
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Mininmum quantity lubrication in deep hole drilling
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Lubrication | Study On Lubrication | Lubrication In Textile
Lubrication | Study On Lubrication
Presented by
Sir Al-Amin Hossain
Lecturer
Green University Of Bangladesh
collage project ppt on Lubrication system
This document summarizes key points about lubrication systems for internal combustion engines. It discusses the purpose of lubrication systems, which is to reduce friction, increase efficiency, minimize vibrations and heat, and protect moving parts. It also describes different lubricant types, properties of lubricating oil, lubrication system parts, and the advantages and disadvantages of splash lubrication systems.
Six weeks training report
Manhar Parmjot Singh completed a 6-week industrial training program at Stan Autos in Jalandhar, India from June 2 to July 14, 2012. Stan Autos is a leading automotive dealership and service center for Maruti Suzuki vehicles. During the training, Singh learned about key automotive systems like air filters, intercoolers, exhaust gas recirculation, differentials, and bearings. He also created a Gantt chart to plan and track the progress of his 6-week training program.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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This document discusses an experiment conducted to study the effects of different cutting parameters on material removal rate in turning of En31 steel under dry, flooded, and minimum quantity lubrication conditions. The experiment used a Taguchi design of experiments approach with an L9 orthogonal array to test combinations of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Material removal rate was calculated theoretically and experimentally for each test, and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify optimal cutting conditions for maximizing material removal rate. The findings of this study can help improve productivity in machining processes.
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This document summarizes an automatic lubrication system designed for a draw tool used in a hydraulic press machine. The current manual lubrication process requires multiple workers and takes 1.5 hours to lubricate each die. Problems with the existing system include downtime while dies are lubricated, fatigue on workers from manual lubrication, and oil wastage. The proposed automatic system would use nozzles connected to a lubricant reservoir by pneumatic piping to continuously lubricate the dies during operation. This is expected to reduce die heating, cut lubrication time and labor, and increase productivity compared to the manual process. Components of the new system include nozzles selected based on lubricant viscosity, a water-based lubricant, and push-
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- Common gear failures include surface wear, cracking, pitting, and corrosion due to factors like loading, lubrication issues, and material defects.
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This document provides information on engine lubrication service, including:
1. General guidelines for engine oils and safety precautions for handling oils.
2. Specifications for oil pressure, sealants, lubricants, and special tools needed for service.
3. Procedures for checking and replacing the engine oil and oil filter, and checking oil pressure.
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Mininmum quantity lubrication in deep hole drilling
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Lubrication | Study On Lubrication | Lubrication In Textile
Lubrication | Study On Lubrication
Presented by
Sir Al-Amin Hossain
Lecturer
Green University Of Bangladesh
collage project ppt on Lubrication system
This document summarizes key points about lubrication systems for internal combustion engines. It discusses the purpose of lubrication systems, which is to reduce friction, increase efficiency, minimize vibrations and heat, and protect moving parts. It also describes different lubricant types, properties of lubricating oil, lubrication system parts, and the advantages and disadvantages of splash lubrication systems.
Six weeks training report
Manhar Parmjot Singh completed a 6-week industrial training program at Stan Autos in Jalandhar, India from June 2 to July 14, 2012. Stan Autos is a leading automotive dealership and service center for Maruti Suzuki vehicles. During the training, Singh learned about key automotive systems like air filters, intercoolers, exhaust gas recirculation, differentials, and bearings. He also created a Gantt chart to plan and track the progress of his 6-week training program.
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Recently uploaded (20)
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Lubrication System in forced feed system
- 1. DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD CENTRAL AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY Argha Das Bairagya 3rd Semester (2022-26 Batch ) Roll – 2201101059 Dr.(Mrs.) Meera Kumari Assistant Professor-cum- Scientist Department of Agril Presented to :- Presented by :-
- 2. Introductio n Definition of Lubrication: Lubrication is the process of applying a lubricant, such as oil or grease, to reduce friction and wear between moving surfaces in machinery or mechanical systems. Purpose of Lubrication: • Reduce Wear: prevents from wearing out by forming a protective layer between them. • Reduce Friction: helps to overcome friction. • Cooling: Lubrication dissipates heat generated by friction . • Sealing: Lubrication helps seal gaps between moving parts, preventing leakage of gases or fluids. • Cleaning: Lubrication removes dirt, debris, and other contaminants from the surfaces .
- 3. Force Feed system Definition: Forced Feed Lubrication: A system where oil is pumped directly to all moving parts of an engine to ensure proper lubrication. Operation: • Oil Pump : Special pump (e.g., gear pump) pushes oil through the system. • Path of Oil : Oil travels through specific channels to reach engine parts. • Parts Lubricated : Crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, camshaft bearings, and timing gears.
- 4. Working of forced feed lubrication System
- 5. Components of Forced feed lubrication System Oil Pump: • Purpose: Pushes oil throughout the engine. • Explanation: Special pump (e.g., gear pump) driven by the engine’s camshaft. Oil Filter: • Purpose: Removes dirt and particles from the oil. • Explanation: Prevents contaminants from damaging engine components. Crankcase Breather: • Purpose: Allows hot air to escape from the crankcase. • Explanation: Prevents pressure buildup, maintaining optimal engine conditions . Relief Valve: • Purpose: Controls oil flow and pressure. • Explanation: Prevents over-lubrication or oil
- 6. Components of Forced feed lubrication System