Lubrication System of tractor
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The document discusses lubrication systems for tractor engines. It describes three main types of systems: 1) Splash systems which rely on oil splashing from the crankshaft to lubricate parts. They are used on single cylinder engines but do not provide uniform lubrication. 2) Force feed systems which use an oil pump to pressurize and directly feed oil to parts through drilled passages to ensure adequate lubrication. 3) Combination systems which use an oil pump to feed critical parts while relying on splashing to lubricate other parts, providing both direct lubrication and splash lubrication.
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- 1. Lubricants & Lubrication System of Tractor Dr Satish K Sharma, Scientist SWE/FMP College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Ganjbasoda
- 2. Introduction: Lubrication to reduce the friction between the moving parts of IC engine by maintaining a film of lubricants in between two surfaces and thus completely separating them These films slip one over the other as the parts move, reducing the amount of friction Engine movable parts are: piston, piston pin , piston rings, connecting rod bearings , crankshaft, camshaft , valves and valve operating mechanism , fan pump & ignition mechanism.
- 3. Function of Lubricants are: 1. To reduce friction bet moving parts 2. To act as cooling medium , absorbing & dissipating heat 3. To form seal bet cylinder & piston , maintaining pressure in the combustion chamber 4. To reduce noise of moving parts 5. To clean the engine or work as cleaning agent
- 4. Types of Lubrication system : Following systems of lubrication are found in IC Engines 1. Splash system : (Aasfaalan pranalee) 2. Force feed system : (Purn bal bharan pranalee) 3. Combination systems : (force feed & splash) (Sanyukt pranalee)
- 5. Lubricants classification: Depending upon 1. Source of availability: Animal oil (fish oil) , Vegetable oil (Linseed , Castor oil etc.) Mineral oil ( Crude or refined petroleum ) 2. Fluidity (viscosity) fluid (include oils powering, diesel or gasoline ) semi - fluid (grease & heavy oils ) solid lubricants (graphite & mica etc. )
- 6. Oil Grade depending upon its viscosity index (fluidity): ‘SAE’ stands for ………..society of automotive engineers and its number . As the number increases shows the more viscous fluid given below: SAE 20…………..engine oil cold regions SAE 30 …………..engine oil temprate climate SAE 40 …………..engine oil for oil sump SAE 60 …………..engine oil for gearbox SAE 90 …………..Gearbox or / transmission oil SAE 120 …………..Hydraulic oil
- 7. Types of Lubricant oils : 1.Synthetic Lubricating Oil: No oxidation property , no changing in viscosity wrt temp. 2. Detergent Oil : These are HD oils producing sediments 3. Solid Lubricants: graphite, paraffin mom, Mo -oxides 4.Semi-solid Lubricants : blended with Mineral oils fatty, acids & base substances.
- 8. QUALITY OF GOOD LUBRICATING OIL 1.Pour point: It can pour even at low temperature 2. Viscosity: shd be of recommended Viscosity 3. Stickiness : with the metallic surface 4. Volatility : It should be volatile at lower temperature 5. Flash Point & fire point : should high 6. Carbon & Ash: Producing less carbon & ash during use
- 9. 1. Splash system: In splash system spattering liquid over different parts is produced due to the crankshaft rotation in the oil pan and thus different parts are lubricated It is generally used on single cylinder engines with closed crankcase . Closed CC protects the engine from dust & moisture Proper level is necessary for effective lubrication There is no uniformity in lubrication If the rings are wornout , Lub oil reaches combus chamber resulting blue smoke , carbon deposit & plug fouling Oil may carry dust ,worn metal to rubbing surface,causing wear
- 10. 2. Force- feed system: It consists of oil pump, filter, rotary gear pump, the drilled passage to all the lubrication parts & a pressure gauge to indicate the oil pressure showing the effective operation of the system The pump which is generally of +ve action type , receives the oil from the sump and discharges it into the drilled passages of the crank shaft and camshaft . From crankshaft the oil passes to the connecting rod , piston, cylinder walls etc. while camshaft forwards the oil to the valve mechanism
- 11. 3. Force -feed and splash system: Oil is drawn from the sump through a screened strainer wire by the oil pump and is then pumped through the relief valve to passing onward through the oil filter for its cleaning From where it passes through holes drilled in crank webs to the main crank bearings (journals) Cylinder walls and small end bushings of the connecting rods are lubricated by the oil coming out from the big end bearings in the form of spray. Then surplus oil then flows back to the oil sump The oil pressure is read out by the pressure guage indicator at drivers dash board directly
- 12. Fig. SPLASH SYSTEM of LUBRICATION
- 13. Combination of Spalsh & force feed system