This document provides an overview of lubrication, including different lubrication systems, the functions of lubrication, types of lubricants and their properties, lubricant additives, and modes of lubrication. It discusses hand, dip, wick, splash and circulating lubrication systems. The major functions of lubrication are to minimize friction and wear, carry away heat, and lengthen component lifespan. Types of lubricants include solid, liquid, and semi-liquid like grease. Important lubricant properties include viscosity, flash point, pour point and oiliness. Additives are sometimes added to lubricants to improve performance and include antifriction, antiwear and extreme pressure additives. Modes of lubrication are boundary, fluid

2. PRESENTED BY:-
PRANAB BHAKTA
Aei/15/me/036
SUBMITED TO:-
MECHANICAL DEPT.

3. LUBRICATION

4. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
3. FUNCTION OF LUBRICATION
4. TYPES OF LUBRICANT
5. PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATION
6. ADDITIVES
7. MODES OF LUBRICATION
8. CONCLUSION

5. LUBRICATION :
Lubrication is a procedure to separate
the surfaces with a film of lubricant to
minimise friction and to restrict wear and
tear as well. The substances used for this
purpose are called “lubricants”.

6. Different types of Lubrication System
1. Hand System
This is termed as hand oiling, that
is, application of lubricant by hand,
say by oil can. It is of course very
common at a number of
circumstances.
2. Dip Type
The principle is to keep a ring of
chain dipped into the oil and its
rotating motion will provide
lubrication at the appropriate place.
3. Wick Type
This system functions with the capillary principles. A capillary
tube is inserted in a oil reservoir. The top of the capillary tube
will certainly remain above the oil level. The wick is inserted
through it by insert stick up to the point of lubrication. A
continuous flow of oil will take place through the dipped wick.

7. 4. Splash Type
Such a system operates when a running component itself is
dipped into a oil sump and it splashes oil round the parts requiring
it. Splash lubrication is very much common in small power vertical
and horizontal high-speed engines with a closed crank case.
5. Circulating Type
Such a system term provides means to supply a lubricant to
different points from the tank or sump by a pressure pump. It may
consist of a suction filter, pump, lubricating points and a return-
line filter.

8. FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICATION
The major function of Lubrications are:-
a) To minimise friction in the mating surfaces.
b) To minimise wear and tear of the surfaces.
c) To carry out the heat generated due to friction, leaving the
assembly cool as far as practicable.
d) To lengthen the service-life of the components by
performing the above functions.
It may be noted that the lubrication can procedure the desired
result, depending on the
a) Physical, Chemical and Mechanical properties of the
selected lubricants, and
b) The lubricating methods

9. TYPES OF LUBRICANT
The lubricants may be either solid or liquid or semi-liquid.
The solid lubricants are used when oils or greases are
unsuitable or not permissible, such as at very low or high
temperatures. The solid lubricants may be used in pure or
combination or suspended form.
The common solid lubricants are soap, mica,
molybdenum-disulphite etc.
The very popular semi-liquid lubricant is grease. It
has got a number of grades and depending on the types of
lubrication required, the grade is judiciously selected.

10. Different types of Lubrication System
The major important properties of lubricants are stated below:
1. Viscosity
It is the indication of the degree of fluidity of lubricating oil. It
only focuses how the liquid/lubricating oil will flow under the
temperature at which it is to function.
2. Flash point and fire point
Flash point is the temperature at which the lubricants produce
sufficient vapour at the application of a flame and the fire point
is to some extent, higher temperature at which the generated
vapour will ignite and the oil will burn steadily.
3. Pour point
This is the property to know the behaviour of lubricants at low
temperatures. The pour point can be specified by the
temperature at which the lubricant ceases to flow.
4. Oiliness
It is the degree of ability to form an oily surface on the mental. It
is a combined measure of surface-tension and wettability to
form a film of lubrication.

11. ADDITIVES
To use very common lubricants, different additives are
sometimes added with them to use the lubricant purposefully to
establish an optimum operating condition.
Different types of additives are :
Additives may be of Three major types.
• Primarily, it may be ‘Antifriction Additives’ which are
generally fatty acids and natural or synthetic fats.
• Secondly, it may be ‘Antiwear Additives’. They are
generally derivatives of Phosphorous and Phosphoric acids.
• Finally, it may be ‘Extreme Pressure Additives’. They can
withstand high contact temperature and loads. They are
generally organic derivatives of sulphur and chlorine.

12. Modes of Lubrication
The modes of lubrications are usually characterised by
friction and wear behaviour of surface layers. It is generally of
three types.
a) Boundary lubrication
b) Fluid film lubrication
c) Mixed lubrication
The above modes can be identified considering the value of ‘R’,
where,
R
Where, R≤1, it is boundary lubrication
If 5≤R ≤100, it is fluid film lubrication
and when, 1 ≤R ≤, it is mixed lubrication
Mean fluid film thickness
Surface Roughness (cla)

13. CONCLUSION
Thus, The lubrication system is
designed to deliver clean oil at the
correct temperature and pressure
to every part of the engine

14. THANK YOU