This document provides a comparative study of WiMAX and LTE networks. It summarizes key aspects of each network, including supported data rates and bandwidth, range, supported speeds, modulation techniques, frame structure, quality of service mechanisms, and security features. The document concludes with a comparison table highlighting that LTE supports higher data rates but shorter range compared to WiMAX, and different duplexing and frame allocation approaches between the two technologies.

1. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
WiMAX AND LTE
Seminar Presentation
By
Hanie Salim
B080021ec
B.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering ,NIT Calicut

2. Importance
 Mobile device and mobile networks are more
popular
 More data required
 People want to access internet from anywhere
 Services like IPTV increase the need for high data
rates
 As demand increased, current telecommunication
networks reach their limits
 Solution-next generation networks like WiMAX and
LTE
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3. An overview of current telecommunication networks
3 Hanie Salim (B080021EC),NIT calicutfrom
Figure taken www.dailywireless.org 19/09/2011

4.  Worldwide interoperability for microwave access
 IEEE 802.16d standard in 2004 – fixed wireless
internet service
 Enhanced version IEEE 802.16e in 2006- Mobile
wireless access
 Managed by WiMAX forum for interoperability of
different products
 Supports transfer rates up to 46 Mbps in DL and
4 Mbps in UL
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5.  Supports scalable system bandwidth using time
division duplex(TDD)
 So it can use 3.5,5,7,8.75 and 10 MHz as BW
 Supports both TDD and FDD, prefers TDD
 Maximum coverage is 50 km for fixed usage and 5km
for mobile usage
 Support vehicular speed up to 120 kmph
 2 major releases-WiMAX release 1.0 and release 2.0
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6. Features of WiMAX release 1.0
 Access service network(ASN) & Connectivity service
network (CSN) mobility for mobility support
 Paging & location management
 IPV4 & IPV6 connectivity
 Pre provisioned / static QoS
 Optional radio resource management(RRM)
 Network discovery/selection
 Roaming (RADIUS only)
 3gpp WLAN compatible internetworking
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7. WiMAX release 1.5 features:
 Over the Air (OTA) activation & provisioning
 Location based services (LBS)
 Multicast broadcast services (MBS)
 IMS(IP multimedia subsystem) integration
 Dynamic QoS and policy and charging (PCC) compatible
with 3GPP Release 7
 Telephony VoIP with emergency call services and lawful
interception
 Full NAP sharing support
 Diameter-based authentication, authorization and
accounting (AAA)
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8. QoS for WiMAX:
 Reservation based access
 Use frames, each frame -2
sub frames
 Duration 2 to 20 ms
 Flexible ratio for DL/UL
WiMAX frame
Hanie Salim (B080021EC),NIT calicut Figure source: www.ecee.colarado.edu
8 19/09/2011

9.  Use OFDMA in DL & UL
 OFDMA- multi-user ver. Of OFDM
 Advantages of OFDMA –high spectral efficiency,
efficient implementation using FFT & low sensitivity
to time synchronization errors
 scalable by flexibly adjusting FFT sizes & channel BW
with fixed symbol duration and subcarrier spacing
 Sensitive to frequency sensitive errors
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10.  3 power saving classes- different on-off time
• Class 1 - window increase exponentially from
minimum value to maximum
• Class 2 - fixed sleep window length
• Class 3 – MS know when to expect next packet
 Security sub layer present under MAC layer
 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
 Privacy and Key Management protocol (PKM)
 Encapsulation protocol
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11.  Use MIMO technology to increase transfer rate
 2 categories:
• Open loop MIMO- the transmitters do not need
explicit knowledge of the channels
• Closed loop MIMO- transmitter forms antenna
beams adaptively based on the channel side
information (Tx AA)
 Logical entities of NRM
• Access service network(ASN)
• Connectivity service network (CSN)
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12. Network reference model for WiMAX
Figure source: www.eetimes.com
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13.  Long term evolution-developed by 3GPP in 2008
 LTE standard is officially known as “document 3GPP
Release 8” Or 3.9G
 Supports peak data rates of 100 Mbps in DL & 50
Mbps in UL, using 20 MHz spectrum
 With MIMO it can reach up to 300Mbps
 Variable spectrum 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
 A cell radius 100 km with slight degradation after 30
km and reach over 200 users per cell (with 5 MHz
spectrum)
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14.  Optimized for low speeds 0 - 15 km/h , supports
speeds up to 350 km/h.
 RTT below 10 ms possible.
 Use OFDMA in DL & SCFDMA in UL
 OFDMA - power inefficient, because of high peak-to-
average-power ratio (PAPR)
 Since DL start from BS no problem, But UL start from
MS ,hence SCFDMA (low PAPR)
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15. Architecture:
 Two-node architecture - only two nodes are involved
between user equipment & core network.
 The base station (eNodeB) & the serving gateway (S-
GW) in the user plane and the mobility management
entity (MME) in the control plane.
 LTE architecture is composed of Core Network (CN)
and Access Network (AN), where CN corresponds to
the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and AN refers to E-
UTRAN.
 The CN and AN together correspond to Evolved
Packet System (EPS)
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16. LTE overall architecture
Figure source: www.wiki.hsc.com
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17.  EPS connects user to Packet data network(PDN)
 Functions of MME- CN node signalling for mobility
between 3GPP access networks, S-GW selection,
roaming, authentication, bearer management functions
and NAS (Non Access Stratum) signalling
 S-GW terminates the interface towards E-UTRAN.
 For each user in EPS, at given time, a single S-GW is
responsible for transferring user IP packets, lawful
interception & mobility anchor for inter eNodeB
handover and for inter-3GPP mobility.
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18.  Power-saving mechanisms: turn off the transmitter
when idle.
• It uses Discontinued Reception (DRX) & Discontinued
Transmission (DTX).
 Security mechanisms : similar to WiMAX
• use security keys between transmitter &receiver to
ensure a secure connection .
• LTE also offers a key derivation protocol, which resets
the connection if corrupt keys are detected.
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19. QoS:
 Reservation based access
 Each frame is 10 ms long
 The 0th and the 5th sub
frames are always reserved for
DL
 Other frames can be DL, UL
or a switch point
 This switch point method
makes the transmission more
dynamic in allocating
resources
Figure source: IT pro 2010
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20. 4 x 4 MIMO configuration
Figure source: IT pro 2010
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21. Comparison
 Released in 2005  Released in 2009
 46 Mbps in DL and up to  300 Mbps in Dl and 75
4 Mbps in UL Mbps in the UL
 Support BW 3.5 MHz to  Support bigger range of
10 MHz BW 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
 Range up to 50 km,  Bigger range up to 100 km,
optimized for 1.5 to 5 km optimized for 30 km
 Support speed up to 120  Support speed up to 350
km/h km/h
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22. Comparison
 Use OFDMA in both DL  Use SCFDMA in UL and
and UL OFDMA in DL
 Frame is separated into DL  From 10 sub-frames only 2
and UL sub-frame allocate are reserved for DL, more
resources to different users dynamic, so they reach
 Duplex mode only TDD is smaller delays.
commercially available  Both FDD & TDD
 Backward compatibility to  Inter radio technology
3G/2G not present handover possible
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23. 4G Requirements
 Both WiMAX & LTE do not meet all 4G requirements
 4G specifications, also known as IMT-Advanced:
 Max. data rates up to 100 Mbps for mobile access
 Max. data rates up to 1 Gbps for fixed access
 Flat all-IP architecture
 High mobility up to 500 km/h.
 scalable channel bandwidth
 Solution : LTE’s successor, LTE-Advanced and
WiMAX’ next release WiMAX 2.0.
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24.  Long term evolution advanced, officially known as
3GPP Release 10
 Recognized as IMT A in October 2010
 Commercial availability expected from 2014
 Peak data rate of 1 Gbps in DL (low mobility) & up to
500Mbps in UL
 BW extended up to 100 MHz using channel
aggregation
 MIMO to be used in UL also
 Support 8x8 MIMO
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25. WiMAX 2.0
 WiMAX release 2.0 recognized as IMT in October
2010
 IEEE 802.16m standardized in April 2011
 Backward compatibility with all 802.16 standards
 DL rate >300 Mbps, 4x4 @ 20MHZ
 UL rate >135 Mbps, 2x4 @ 20MHz
 Support channel BW of 5,10,20,40 MHz
 Mobility up to 350 km/h
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26. Technical comparison of LTE and WiMAX
26
Figure
Hanie Salim (B080021EC),NIT calicut source: www.kuncoro.co.uk 19/09/2011

27. References
 [1] M.Chang, Z. Abichar, and Chau –Yun Hsu, “Wimax vs. lte:
Who will lead the broadband mobile internet?,” IT Professional, vol.
12, no. 3, pp. 26 - 32, 2010.
 [2] Ozgur Oyman , Jeffrey Foerster ,Yong-joo Tcha and Seong-
Choon Lee , “Toward Enhanced Mobile Video Services over
WiMAX and LTE,” IEEE Communications Magazine ,vol. 48,no.8,pp.
68 – 76,2010
 [3] J. Conti, “Lte vs wimax: the battle continues,” Engineering
Technology, 2010.
 [4] Leo Yi ,Kai Miao ,Adrian Liu,” A comparative study of WiMAX
and LTE as the next generation mobile enterprise network,”
Advanced Communication Technology(ICACT),pp. 654-658,feb 2011.
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