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How will sidelink bring a new level of 5G versatility.pdf

The document discusses the significant role of sidelink technology in enhancing the versatility and efficiency of 5G systems. Sidelink enables direct communication between devices, supporting various applications across diverse sectors, including automotive, IoT, and public safety, while also offering improved coverage, lower latency, and increased network capacity. It outlines the evolution of sidelink from LTE to 5G, detailing its specifications and potential use cases, with a focus on future developments and business opportunities in the digital ecosystem.

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@QCOMResearch September 8th, 2022 How will sidelink bring a new level of 5G versatility? San Diego, CA For diverse devices and services beyond automotive — smartphones, IoT, and more
2 Sidelink is a core topology of the 5G system design Further extending the connected intelligent edge
3 3 Sidelink is a core topology of the 5G system design Also known as direct communication or D2D (Device-to-Device) Network-to-device (Uu interface) Device-to-device or Sidelink (PC5 interface) Original 5G vision Envisioned to be part of the 5G NR flexible framework with forward compatibility Service coexistence Multiplexing seamlessly with other 5G NR communication in time and frequency domain New system values Offering a wide range of benefits to complement network-to-device (i.e., Uu) communication Technology foundation Building on the learnings of LTE Direct (Rel-12+) technology, its evolution, and deployments Qualcomm Technologies’ 5G Vision, circa 2015
4 Edge cloud Central cloud On-device Privacy Reliability Low latency Efficient use of network bandwidth Connected intelligent edge To efficiently scale, AI processing is expanding toward the edge Qualcomm is leading the realization of the Connected Intelligent Edge Convergence of: Wireless connectivity Efficient computing Distributed AI Unleashing massive amount of data to fuel our digital future
5 Edge cloud Central cloud Network-to-devices (Uu) Connected intelligent edge Sidelink can further extend the connected intelligent edge Extending beyond network-to-device communications to connect more devices closer to the end-users Sidelink (PC5) Multi-hop sidelink Pushing the boundary of the “edge”
6 Sidelink is being designed to meet diverse 5G system requirements Complementing network-to-device communications, starting in 3GPP Release 16 5G Sidelink Diverse services Data offload, peer discovery, public safety, automotive, etc. Wide range of devices Smartphones, wearables, XR, cars, robots, sensors, IoT, etc. Broad deployments Public network, private networks, mesh, ad-hoc, etc. All spectrum Sub-7 GHz, mmWave, licensed, unlicensed, shared, etc. Multiple communication modes Broadcast, multicast, unicast messaging
7 7 Flexibility to support a wide range of devices, bandwidth requirement, quality of service, and deployment scenarios Sidelink can operate in different spectrum configurations Dedicated Applications-specific spectrum allocated for specialized use cases PC5 E.g., 700 MHz (B14) has been allocated for public safety In-band licensed Network dynamically allocating spectrum for Uu and PC5 E.g., wide-area bands such as 3.5 GHz can be used for device access and device relay Uu PC5 Unlicensed Contention-based access suitable for best-effort services E.g., 5 GHz, 60 GHz unlicensed band can be used for data offload in private networks PC5
8 8 Centralized control sidelink (NCIS1) Two possible approaches to sidelink network management 1 Network controlled interactive service — including split rendering XR, multi-player gaming; 2 Subscriber identity module; 3 Global navigation satellite system • Resources managed by mobile operators • Requires wide-area network coverage and a SIM2 • Timing derived from network Dynamic and self-organizing sidelink • Resources managed dynamically by connected devices • Does not require network coverage or a SIM • Timing derived from GNSS3 or synchronized to one node Data Timing, configuration, authentication, communication Out of wide-area network coverage
9 9 5G sidelink creates new business opportunities for the entire ecosystem Mobile operators Differentiated services that can bring new revenue streams (e.g., ubiquitous asset tracking) End users New and enhanced user experiences such as lower latency and more efficient data usage Device manufacturers More efficient design implementations and new device types (e.g., device relays) App developers New classes of service that can bring new monetization models and opportunities Infrastructure vendors New deployments targeting expanded applications such as roadside units (RSUs) Private network operators More flexible capacity and performance in e.g., industrial and enterprise settings Governments More secure, robust, self-reliant public safety and low-visibility tactical communication New stakeholders… Future applications building on sidelink can broaden ecosystem, open door to new entrants…
10 Sidelink delivers a broad set of system benefits Supporting diverse 5G devices, use cases, and deployments
11 Sidelink delivers a broad set of benefits for the overall 5G system Supporting a diverse ecosystem of 5G devices and use cases Expanded coverage Extending coverage with device relays for many 5G use cases (e.g., IoT) Extended battery life Supporting low power consumption capabilities by reducing output power in devices Increased capacity Providing efficient data offload from wide-area network to meet growing capacity needs Lowered Latency Providing supplementary connectivity in the edge to further enable low-latency communications Deployment flexibility Enabling sidelink in infrastructure (i.e., relays) can greatly improve deployment efficiency Improved Reliability Establishing an additional link to meet real-time communication and mission-critical demands Network benefits Device/service benefits
12 12 1 Programmable Logic Controller Sidelink can enable new benefits for a wide range of new use cases Range extension Extending coverage via direct communication (e.g., massive IoT devices such as meters) with multi-hop mesh relays Industrial IoT capacity Expanding system capacity with direct communications between automation controllers (i.e., PLCs1) and sensors / actuators Expanded positioning Improving positioning accuracy for all situations including challenging scenarios such as dense urban areas and tunnels Automotive safety and beyond Allowing vehicles, devices, and infrastructures to connect amongst themselves, enhancing overall performance and efficiency Wearable connectivity Creating a personal area network to connect the smartphone directly to wearables such as smart watches, XR, and more Data offload Providing high-capacity/ throughput to devices in proximity, for use cases such as gaming, and data backup Public safety and tactical communication Enhancing existing LTE-based system to provide services over 5G NR, including one-to-many device broadcast
13 Connecting emergency services in challenging areas for enhanced public safety • More reliable, secure, and interoperable networks • Readily available capacity and coverage • Enhanced awareness, safety, and coordination for first responders in emergencies • Innovations leveraging large established device and apps ecosystem • For firefighters, police, EMT, and others On-site command center Out-of-coverage D2D communication Secure direct communication
14 Sidelink can provide efficient data offload for additional capacity and improved experience Wide-area fall back (e.g., data backup) High-bandwidth, low-latency direct connectivity
15 Boundless augmented reality Smart watches Health sensors Asset tracking Smart clothing Efficiently connect new generation of wearable devices with sidelink
16 Extending service coverage for wide-area 5G use cases such as multi-hop IoT mesh Utilizing sidelink communication to extend network coverage for 5G NR-Light IoT services, enables cost-efficient connectivity for multiple devices through a single wide-area connection Wide-area 5G coverage Multi-hop communication Device relay based on sidelink
17 Direct communication between PLC and sensors / actuators Improved accuracy with sidelink positioning, complementing traditional techniques Dynamic switching between sidelink and network-to-device communication Sidelink can greatly expand system capacity to enable large-scale industrial IoT deployments
18 Sidelink can complement existing location technologies to provide more robust and precise positioning Vehicular ranging services More accurate vehicular positioning based on sidelink Proximity detection (e.g., friend discovery) Proximity-based services detection (e.g., safety alerts advertisement,) Lane-level positioning (e.g., rideshare arrival) Complementing other location technologies (e.g., cellular terrestrial and GNSS)
19 Sidelink continues to evolve in 5G Advanced and beyond Standardized and commercialized today
20 20 The sidelink technology foundation began more than a decade ago Advanced Research Our foundational system research for sidelink communications began around 2010 Release 12 / 13 LTE device-to-device (D2D) support first adopted in 3GPP standards, aimed to provide proximity services and public safety applications Release 14 / 15 D2D enhancements and expansion to automotive that brings improved road safety Release 16 Establishing the 5G technical foundation for broader applications and evolution to support advanced automotive use cases Release 18+ 5G Advanced evolution of sidelink that brings improved performance, efficiency and further use case expansion Release 17 Expansion of 5G sidelink beyond automotive, including device relays that can efficiently extend network coverage Release 12 Release 14 / 15 Release 13 Sidelink Continued sidelink technology evolution into 5G Advanced and beyond
21 21 Release 16 A rich technology history for sidelink communication Began with LTE Advanced and continues into 5G evolution and beyond Sidelink Release 12 Release 14 / 15 Release 13 Technical foundation for sidelink or D2D Enhancements focusing on public safety D2D discovery and communications (1000s of devices/services in ~500m) One-to-many communications (in- and out-of-coverage) Flexible discovery such as private and inter-frequency Device-to-network relays Expanding into automotive and broader use cases Sidelink for automotive Additional D2D communication capabilities
22 22 Release 16 Release 17 1 Hybrid Automatic Receive Request 5G support for sidelink started in 3GPP Release 16 5G NR Sidelink Release 16 Technical foundation applicable for broader sidelink use cases 5G sidelink brings many improvements over previous direct communications design Lower latency Sidelink supports a flexible sub-carrier spacing (i.e., 15, 30, 60, 120 kHz) enabling shorter slots delivery and lower transmission latency Wider bandwidth Sidelink supports a 2x2 MIMO scheme enabling a higher data rate for direct communications Expanded applications Sidelink supports various cast types such as broadcast, multicast/ groupcast, and unicast Improved reliability HARQ1 procedure is introduced on the sidelink interface providing retransmissions based on the receiver’s feedback Flow-based QoS framework Full-fledged mechanism for sidelink provides the means to meet QoS requirements of direct communications for public safety services Sidelink
23 23 Release 18 Source: RP-202846 (NR Sidelink enhancement); RP-212601 (NR Sidelink Relay) 1TR 36.843 and/or TR 38.840; 2 Intelligent Transport System Release 17 expands sidelink to new use cases Release 17 Sidelink Enhancements Release 17 For public safety, IoT, commercial use cases and beyond Updated sidelink evaluation methodology Reusing existing evaluation assumption and performance metric1, based on feedback from car manufacturers Improved resource allocation Reducing device latency, power consumption, and improving reliability (e.g., half duplex, collision detection indication, control forwarding, inter-device coordination) Power saving enhancements Defining sidelink DRX for broadcast, groupcast, unicast, and power-efficient resource selection for devices New sidelink frequency bands Ensuring sidelink and network communication coexistence in the same and adjacent channels in licensed spectrum Geographic confinement Limiting sidelink operations to be within a predetermined area for a given frequency range in non-ITS2 bands Sidelink relay L2/L3 device-to-network relay for coverage extension. Follow-up work item for device-to-device relay in scope for Release 18 Sidelink
24 24 Source: RP-213678 (Sidelink enhancements) Expanding foundational 5G Sidelink capabilities in Release 18 For use cases that require increased data rate over sidelink LTE Advanced Pro Unlicensed spectrum Supporting optimized sidelink operations over unlicensed bands such as 5 GHz Multi-beam operation Supporting sidelink beam management by reusing and enhancing existing framework and concepts Sidelink carrier aggregation Supporting enhanced use cases that can benefit from wider bandwidths Sidelink Release 18
25 25 RP-213585 (Sidelink Relay Enhancements); 1 Support for 1 direct Uu + 1 indirect PC5 within the same cell; 2 Discontinuous reception Further extending 5G Sidelink relay capabilities in Release 18 LTE Advanced Pro Release 18 Sidelink Support for L2/L3 device- to-device relay Allowing single-hop operation with forward compatibility for more hops Device-to-device relay Support for device-to-device relay is essential for the overall sidelink coverage extension use case Device-to-device relay Service continuity enhancements in device-to-network relay are necessary to cover the mobility scenarios not supported in Release 17 Supporting inter-gNB path switching and service continuity Enhancing reliability and throughput with multi-path connectivity1 Completing features such as DRX2 for sidelink relay operations
26 26 5G core and radio access network connection is extended to the tethered device Full 5G performance optimization can be realized on the tethered device Cloud Apps 5G Core 5G RAN Relay device Tethered devices 5G sidelink / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi Layer 2 Relay 5G core network connection is extended to the tethered device Some 5G performance benefits can be realized on the tethered device Cloud Apps 5G Core 5G RAN Relay device Tethered devices N3IWF 5G sidelink / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi L3 Relay with N3IWF1 1 Non-3GPP Interworking Function Device disaggregation technology evolution Proposed to 3GPP Release 18 — extending direct connection user experience over tethered device connection Relay device traffic Tethered device traffic No 5G connection to the tethered device Application-level quality-of-service (QoS) supported on the tethered device Cloud Apps 5G Core 5G RAN Relay device Tethered devices 5G sidelink / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi Layer 3 (L3) Relay
27 27 Advancing 5G positioning with sidelink and RF sensing 3GPP Release 18 and beyond 5G NR positioning 3GPP Release 16 Use positioning reference signals (PRS) over the 5G NR air interface (Uu) to estimate the position of a 5G device Cooperative positioning 3GPP Release 18+ Exploit more line-of-sight opportunities by using 5G sidelink (SL) PRS for ranging between devices, in addition to PRS over the Uu interface to estimate the position of multiple 5G devices simultaneously and cost-effectively Cooperative sensing with 5G sidelink 3GPP Release 18+ Use positioning reference signals (PRS) over the 5G NR air interface (Uu) to estimate the position of a 5G device Reflection Device-free object
28 Strengthening security for critical 5G sidelink use cases 5G Sidelink Security Requirements Provisioning of security credentials to support various use cases Support of flexible deployment options across multiple operators Security provisioning at scale and on-demand Secure group member and service discovery Flexible configuration of security and privacy per application Unicast, multicast, and broadcast security Support of device-to-network relay Areas of 5G Sidelink Security Enhancements Secure relaying operations, including device-to-network and device-to-device relay scenarios Support of device-to- device relay, i.e., multi- hop discovery and unicast communication Support of emergency services Secure ranging and sidelink positioning at scale Device authentication and/or attestation based on hardware root-of-trust as proof of integrity Physical-layer resource randomization for LPI/LPD1 and jamming resilience Physical-layer encryption of control information and reference signals for ultra- secure communication, e.g., military use cases Rel-16/17 5G Advanced Others 1 Low Probability of Intercept/Detect
29 29 Rel-18+ Rel-17 Rel-16 Rel-14/15 Pushing the technology boundary for sidelink in 5G Advanced Foundational technology that will expand to many applications Features Sidelink defined Distributed resource allocation Out-of-coverage operation Relay operation Operation without SIM GNSS-based timing High reference signal density Improved high density operations Guaranteed maximum transmission latency 5G sidelink Scalable OFDM air interface Flexible slot-based framework HARQ support MIMO support Adaptive reference signal Multicast communication Sidelink ranging and positioning Spectrum expansion (unlicensed, mmWave) MIMO enhancements Reliability enhancements Relay enhancements (e.g., multi-hop, groupcast relaying) Advanced sidelink resource coordination Power savings for smartphones Relay operation Rel-12/13 Sidelink Use cases Basic D2D communication Public Safety Enhanced D2D communication for verticals Sidelink for diverse use cases Positioning enhancements Coverage and capacity expansion using relays Wearables and XR devices IIoT and massive IoT Drones Sidelink capability enhancements Sidelink technology evolution in 3GPP standards
30 Qualcomm is leading the way Driving future 5G sidelink technologies and new use cases
31 Qualcomm drove direct communications into global cellular standards LTE Direct is part of 3GPP Release 12 3GPP RAN1 #72 Malta Feb 2013 • Public safety • Coverage extension • Automotive safety Initial D2D efforts led to many new use cases MWC 2013 Qualcomm pioneered device-to-device communication and showcased LTE-Direct proximity services over-the-air demos
32 Qualcomm 9150 and Snapdragon are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. C-V2X has been commercialized based on sidelink C-V2X Introduced in 3GPP Release14 C-V2X already deployed commercially in China; U.S. deployment in progress Broad industry support with 3GPP, 5GAA, GSMA, SAE, ITE, NEMA, IEEE, and 5G Americas Qualcomm® 9150 C-V2X chipset commercialized starting 2018 Integration of C-V2X into the Snapdragon ® Auto Platforms
33 Reduced capability devices (NR-Light) mmWave expansion Topology expansion Device enhancements Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) Unlicensed spectrum Advanced power saving and mobility Mission-critical design High-precision positioning New deployment models Flexible slot-based framework Mobile mmWave Scalable numerology Advanced channel coding Massive MIMO 4G foundations Fixed Wireless and enterprise Smartphones and laptops Boundless extended reality Automotive Industrial IoT IoT expansion Enhancing mobile broadband Enabling new verticals Our innovations expand the foundation of 5G Foundational Qualcomm innovations lead 3GPP Releases 15,16 and 17 33 Sidelink
34 New deployment models Our Release 16 inventions expand the 5G NR foundation Advanced power saving & mobility High-precision positioning Mission-critical design Unlicensed spectrum Shared spectrum, LAA, standalone operation For improved capacity and new use cases WUS, faster CA, full-power UL, dual connectivity For better device performance and coverage OTDOA, PRS, UE-based positioning, multi-cell RTT For more accurate indoor and outdoor positioning Multi-TRP, CoMP, service multiplexing & preemption For meeting ultra-high reliability of up to 99.9999% Non-public network, TSN, IAB, in-band eMTC/NB-IoT For new deployments such as IIoT & enterprise Fundamental contributions to 3GPP Cutting-edge prototypes Early R&D investments Sidelink Direct communication between devices For broader use cases, e.g., smartphones, IoT
35 Qualcomm innovation leadership in 3GPP Release 17 Reduced capability devices (NR-Light) Device enhancements Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) For expanded IoT: wearables, sensors, surveillance cameras Lower complexity devices with 20 / 100 MHz max bandwidth in sub-7 / mmWave with 1 or 2 Rx antennas For enhanced device user experience and performance More antennas, higher throughput, battery life, mobility, coverage, positioning accuracy, multi-SIM For ubiquitous coverage and expanded use cases Satellite communications for mobile devices and IoT, leveraging 5G NR framework Fundamental contributions to 3GPP Cutting-edge prototypes Early R&D investments mmWave expansion For more capacity, new use cases and deployments Licensed and unlicensed spectrum operations in 52.6-71 GHz Topology expansion For more efficient deployments, public safety, and others Enhanced IAB, relay, broader use cases for smartphones and beyond
36 36 Multi-hop mesh coverage extension Release 18+ | System Simulation | Over-the-air testing Utilizing sidelink communication to extend coverage for 5G NR-Light IoT, enabling cost-efficient connectivity for multiple devices through a single wide-area connection Industrial IoT capacity expansion Release 18+ | Over-the-air testing Leveraging direct communication, with dynamic path switching, between devices and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) over 5G sidelink to expand system capacity Demonstrating 5G sidelink technologies delivering new capabilities and benefits for diverse use cases
37 37 5G sidelink facilitates direct communication, with dynamic path switching, between devices and PLC, delivering expanded system capacity Release 18+ Over-the-air testing Industrial IoT Capacity Expansion
38 38 5G sidelink can extend NR-Light coverage, enabling cost-efficient IoT connectivity for multiple devices through a single wide-area connection Release 18+ Over-the-air testing Multi-hop Mesh Coverage Extension
39 Sidelink is a core topology of the 5G system design that can further extend the Connected Intelligent Edge Qualcomm is leading the way driving future 5G sidelink technology evolution and into new use cases Sidelink delivers a broad set of system benefits to diverse 5G devices, use cases, and deployments Sidelink is commercialized today and continues to evolve in the 5G era and beyond To enable new system efficiencies and vertical use cases Bringing next-level 5G versatility with sidelink
Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein. ©2018-2022 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm and Snapdragon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes our licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of our patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of our engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of our products and services businesses, including our QCT semiconductor business. Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: qualcomm.com & qualcomm.com/blog Thank you

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How will sidelink bring a new level of 5G versatility.pdf

  • 1.
    @QCOMResearch September 8th,2022 How will sidelink bring a new level of 5G versatility? San Diego, CA For diverse devices and services beyond automotive — smartphones, IoT, and more
  • 2.
    2 Sidelink is acore topology of the 5G system design Further extending the connected intelligent edge
  • 3.
    3 3 Sidelink is acore topology of the 5G system design Also known as direct communication or D2D (Device-to-Device) Network-to-device (Uu interface) Device-to-device or Sidelink (PC5 interface) Original 5G vision Envisioned to be part of the 5G NR flexible framework with forward compatibility Service coexistence Multiplexing seamlessly with other 5G NR communication in time and frequency domain New system values Offering a wide range of benefits to complement network-to-device (i.e., Uu) communication Technology foundation Building on the learnings of LTE Direct (Rel-12+) technology, its evolution, and deployments Qualcomm Technologies’ 5G Vision, circa 2015
  • 4.
    4 Edge cloud Central cloudOn-device Privacy Reliability Low latency Efficient use of network bandwidth Connected intelligent edge To efficiently scale, AI processing is expanding toward the edge Qualcomm is leading the realization of the Connected Intelligent Edge Convergence of: Wireless connectivity Efficient computing Distributed AI Unleashing massive amount of data to fuel our digital future
  • 5.
    5 Edge cloud Central cloudNetwork-to-devices (Uu) Connected intelligent edge Sidelink can further extend the connected intelligent edge Extending beyond network-to-device communications to connect more devices closer to the end-users Sidelink (PC5) Multi-hop sidelink Pushing the boundary of the “edge”
  • 6.
    6 Sidelink is being designed to meet diverse 5Gsystem requirements Complementing network-to-device communications, starting in 3GPP Release 16 5G Sidelink Diverse services Data offload, peer discovery, public safety, automotive, etc. Wide range of devices Smartphones, wearables, XR, cars, robots, sensors, IoT, etc. Broad deployments Public network, private networks, mesh, ad-hoc, etc. All spectrum Sub-7 GHz, mmWave, licensed, unlicensed, shared, etc. Multiple communication modes Broadcast, multicast, unicast messaging
  • 7.
    7 7 Flexibility to supporta wide range of devices, bandwidth requirement, quality of service, and deployment scenarios Sidelink can operate in different spectrum configurations Dedicated Applications-specific spectrum allocated for specialized use cases PC5 E.g., 700 MHz (B14) has been allocated for public safety In-band licensed Network dynamically allocating spectrum for Uu and PC5 E.g., wide-area bands such as 3.5 GHz can be used for device access and device relay Uu PC5 Unlicensed Contention-based access suitable for best-effort services E.g., 5 GHz, 60 GHz unlicensed band can be used for data offload in private networks PC5
  • 8.
    8 8 Centralized control sidelink (NCIS1) Twopossible approaches to sidelink network management 1 Network controlled interactive service — including split rendering XR, multi-player gaming; 2 Subscriber identity module; 3 Global navigation satellite system • Resources managed by mobile operators • Requires wide-area network coverage and a SIM2 • Timing derived from network Dynamic and self-organizing sidelink • Resources managed dynamically by connected devices • Does not require network coverage or a SIM • Timing derived from GNSS3 or synchronized to one node Data Timing, configuration, authentication, communication Out of wide-area network coverage
  • 9.
    9 9 5G sidelink createsnew business opportunities for the entire ecosystem Mobile operators Differentiated services that can bring new revenue streams (e.g., ubiquitous asset tracking) End users New and enhanced user experiences such as lower latency and more efficient data usage Device manufacturers More efficient design implementations and new device types (e.g., device relays) App developers New classes of service that can bring new monetization models and opportunities Infrastructure vendors New deployments targeting expanded applications such as roadside units (RSUs) Private network operators More flexible capacity and performance in e.g., industrial and enterprise settings Governments More secure, robust, self-reliant public safety and low-visibility tactical communication New stakeholders… Future applications building on sidelink can broaden ecosystem, open door to new entrants…
  • 10.
    10 Sidelink delivers abroad set of system benefits Supporting diverse 5G devices, use cases, and deployments
  • 11.
    11 Sidelink delivers a broadset of benefits for the overall 5G system Supporting a diverse ecosystem of 5G devices and use cases Expanded coverage Extending coverage with device relays for many 5G use cases (e.g., IoT) Extended battery life Supporting low power consumption capabilities by reducing output power in devices Increased capacity Providing efficient data offload from wide-area network to meet growing capacity needs Lowered Latency Providing supplementary connectivity in the edge to further enable low-latency communications Deployment flexibility Enabling sidelink in infrastructure (i.e., relays) can greatly improve deployment efficiency Improved Reliability Establishing an additional link to meet real-time communication and mission-critical demands Network benefits Device/service benefits
  • 12.
    12 12 1 Programmable LogicController Sidelink can enable new benefits for a wide range of new use cases Range extension Extending coverage via direct communication (e.g., massive IoT devices such as meters) with multi-hop mesh relays Industrial IoT capacity Expanding system capacity with direct communications between automation controllers (i.e., PLCs1) and sensors / actuators Expanded positioning Improving positioning accuracy for all situations including challenging scenarios such as dense urban areas and tunnels Automotive safety and beyond Allowing vehicles, devices, and infrastructures to connect amongst themselves, enhancing overall performance and efficiency Wearable connectivity Creating a personal area network to connect the smartphone directly to wearables such as smart watches, XR, and more Data offload Providing high-capacity/ throughput to devices in proximity, for use cases such as gaming, and data backup Public safety and tactical communication Enhancing existing LTE-based system to provide services over 5G NR, including one-to-many device broadcast
  • 13.
    13 Connecting emergency services in challenging areas for enhanced publicsafety • More reliable, secure, and interoperable networks • Readily available capacity and coverage • Enhanced awareness, safety, and coordination for first responders in emergencies • Innovations leveraging large established device and apps ecosystem • For firefighters, police, EMT, and others On-site command center Out-of-coverage D2D communication Secure direct communication
  • 14.
    14 Sidelink can provideefficient data offload for additional capacity and improved experience Wide-area fall back (e.g., data backup) High-bandwidth, low-latency direct connectivity
  • 15.
  • 16.
    16 Extending service coverage for wide-area 5G usecases such as multi-hop IoT mesh Utilizing sidelink communication to extend network coverage for 5G NR-Light IoT services, enables cost-efficient connectivity for multiple devices through a single wide-area connection Wide-area 5G coverage Multi-hop communication Device relay based on sidelink
  • 17.
    17 Direct communication between PLCand sensors / actuators Improved accuracy with sidelink positioning, complementing traditional techniques Dynamic switching between sidelink and network-to-device communication Sidelink can greatly expand system capacity to enable large-scale industrial IoT deployments
  • 18.
    18 Sidelink can complementexisting location technologies to provide more robust and precise positioning Vehicular ranging services More accurate vehicular positioning based on sidelink Proximity detection (e.g., friend discovery) Proximity-based services detection (e.g., safety alerts advertisement,) Lane-level positioning (e.g., rideshare arrival) Complementing other location technologies (e.g., cellular terrestrial and GNSS)
  • 19.
    19 Sidelink continues toevolve in 5G Advanced and beyond Standardized and commercialized today
  • 20.
    20 20 The sidelink technologyfoundation began more than a decade ago Advanced Research Our foundational system research for sidelink communications began around 2010 Release 12 / 13 LTE device-to-device (D2D) support first adopted in 3GPP standards, aimed to provide proximity services and public safety applications Release 14 / 15 D2D enhancements and expansion to automotive that brings improved road safety Release 16 Establishing the 5G technical foundation for broader applications and evolution to support advanced automotive use cases Release 18+ 5G Advanced evolution of sidelink that brings improved performance, efficiency and further use case expansion Release 17 Expansion of 5G sidelink beyond automotive, including device relays that can efficiently extend network coverage Release 12 Release 14 / 15 Release 13 Sidelink Continued sidelink technology evolution into 5G Advanced and beyond
  • 21.
    21 21 Release 16 A richtechnology history for sidelink communication Began with LTE Advanced and continues into 5G evolution and beyond Sidelink Release 12 Release 14 / 15 Release 13 Technical foundation for sidelink or D2D Enhancements focusing on public safety D2D discovery and communications (1000s of devices/services in ~500m) One-to-many communications (in- and out-of-coverage) Flexible discovery such as private and inter-frequency Device-to-network relays Expanding into automotive and broader use cases Sidelink for automotive Additional D2D communication capabilities
  • 22.
    22 22 Release 16 Release 17 1Hybrid Automatic Receive Request 5G support for sidelink started in 3GPP Release 16 5G NR Sidelink Release 16 Technical foundation applicable for broader sidelink use cases 5G sidelink brings many improvements over previous direct communications design Lower latency Sidelink supports a flexible sub-carrier spacing (i.e., 15, 30, 60, 120 kHz) enabling shorter slots delivery and lower transmission latency Wider bandwidth Sidelink supports a 2x2 MIMO scheme enabling a higher data rate for direct communications Expanded applications Sidelink supports various cast types such as broadcast, multicast/ groupcast, and unicast Improved reliability HARQ1 procedure is introduced on the sidelink interface providing retransmissions based on the receiver’s feedback Flow-based QoS framework Full-fledged mechanism for sidelink provides the means to meet QoS requirements of direct communications for public safety services Sidelink
  • 23.
    23 23 Release 18 Source: RP-202846(NR Sidelink enhancement); RP-212601 (NR Sidelink Relay) 1TR 36.843 and/or TR 38.840; 2 Intelligent Transport System Release 17 expands sidelink to new use cases Release 17 Sidelink Enhancements Release 17 For public safety, IoT, commercial use cases and beyond Updated sidelink evaluation methodology Reusing existing evaluation assumption and performance metric1, based on feedback from car manufacturers Improved resource allocation Reducing device latency, power consumption, and improving reliability (e.g., half duplex, collision detection indication, control forwarding, inter-device coordination) Power saving enhancements Defining sidelink DRX for broadcast, groupcast, unicast, and power-efficient resource selection for devices New sidelink frequency bands Ensuring sidelink and network communication coexistence in the same and adjacent channels in licensed spectrum Geographic confinement Limiting sidelink operations to be within a predetermined area for a given frequency range in non-ITS2 bands Sidelink relay L2/L3 device-to-network relay for coverage extension. Follow-up work item for device-to-device relay in scope for Release 18 Sidelink
  • 24.
    24 24 Source: RP-213678 (Sidelinkenhancements) Expanding foundational 5G Sidelink capabilities in Release 18 For use cases that require increased data rate over sidelink LTE Advanced Pro Unlicensed spectrum Supporting optimized sidelink operations over unlicensed bands such as 5 GHz Multi-beam operation Supporting sidelink beam management by reusing and enhancing existing framework and concepts Sidelink carrier aggregation Supporting enhanced use cases that can benefit from wider bandwidths Sidelink Release 18
  • 25.
    25 25 RP-213585 (Sidelink RelayEnhancements); 1 Support for 1 direct Uu + 1 indirect PC5 within the same cell; 2 Discontinuous reception Further extending 5G Sidelink relay capabilities in Release 18 LTE Advanced Pro Release 18 Sidelink Support for L2/L3 device- to-device relay Allowing single-hop operation with forward compatibility for more hops Device-to-device relay Support for device-to-device relay is essential for the overall sidelink coverage extension use case Device-to-device relay Service continuity enhancements in device-to-network relay are necessary to cover the mobility scenarios not supported in Release 17 Supporting inter-gNB path switching and service continuity Enhancing reliability and throughput with multi-path connectivity1 Completing features such as DRX2 for sidelink relay operations
  • 26.
    26 26 5G core andradio access network connection is extended to the tethered device Full 5G performance optimization can be realized on the tethered device Cloud Apps 5G Core 5G RAN Relay device Tethered devices 5G sidelink / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi Layer 2 Relay 5G core network connection is extended to the tethered device Some 5G performance benefits can be realized on the tethered device Cloud Apps 5G Core 5G RAN Relay device Tethered devices N3IWF 5G sidelink / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi L3 Relay with N3IWF1 1 Non-3GPP Interworking Function Device disaggregation technology evolution Proposed to 3GPP Release 18 — extending direct connection user experience over tethered device connection Relay device traffic Tethered device traffic No 5G connection to the tethered device Application-level quality-of-service (QoS) supported on the tethered device Cloud Apps 5G Core 5G RAN Relay device Tethered devices 5G sidelink / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi Layer 3 (L3) Relay
  • 27.
    27 27 Advancing 5G positioningwith sidelink and RF sensing 3GPP Release 18 and beyond 5G NR positioning 3GPP Release 16 Use positioning reference signals (PRS) over the 5G NR air interface (Uu) to estimate the position of a 5G device Cooperative positioning 3GPP Release 18+ Exploit more line-of-sight opportunities by using 5G sidelink (SL) PRS for ranging between devices, in addition to PRS over the Uu interface to estimate the position of multiple 5G devices simultaneously and cost-effectively Cooperative sensing with 5G sidelink 3GPP Release 18+ Use positioning reference signals (PRS) over the 5G NR air interface (Uu) to estimate the position of a 5G device Reflection Device-free object
  • 28.
    28 Strengthening security forcritical 5G sidelink use cases 5G Sidelink Security Requirements Provisioning of security credentials to support various use cases Support of flexible deployment options across multiple operators Security provisioning at scale and on-demand Secure group member and service discovery Flexible configuration of security and privacy per application Unicast, multicast, and broadcast security Support of device-to-network relay Areas of 5G Sidelink Security Enhancements Secure relaying operations, including device-to-network and device-to-device relay scenarios Support of device-to- device relay, i.e., multi- hop discovery and unicast communication Support of emergency services Secure ranging and sidelink positioning at scale Device authentication and/or attestation based on hardware root-of-trust as proof of integrity Physical-layer resource randomization for LPI/LPD1 and jamming resilience Physical-layer encryption of control information and reference signals for ultra- secure communication, e.g., military use cases Rel-16/17 5G Advanced Others 1 Low Probability of Intercept/Detect
  • 29.
    29 29 Rel-18+ Rel-17 Rel-16 Rel-14/15 Pushing the technologyboundary for sidelink in 5G Advanced Foundational technology that will expand to many applications Features Sidelink defined Distributed resource allocation Out-of-coverage operation Relay operation Operation without SIM GNSS-based timing High reference signal density Improved high density operations Guaranteed maximum transmission latency 5G sidelink Scalable OFDM air interface Flexible slot-based framework HARQ support MIMO support Adaptive reference signal Multicast communication Sidelink ranging and positioning Spectrum expansion (unlicensed, mmWave) MIMO enhancements Reliability enhancements Relay enhancements (e.g., multi-hop, groupcast relaying) Advanced sidelink resource coordination Power savings for smartphones Relay operation Rel-12/13 Sidelink Use cases Basic D2D communication Public Safety Enhanced D2D communication for verticals Sidelink for diverse use cases Positioning enhancements Coverage and capacity expansion using relays Wearables and XR devices IIoT and massive IoT Drones Sidelink capability enhancements Sidelink technology evolution in 3GPP standards
  • 30.
    30 Qualcomm is leading theway Driving future 5G sidelink technologies and new use cases
  • 31.
    31 Qualcomm drove directcommunications into global cellular standards LTE Direct is part of 3GPP Release 12 3GPP RAN1 #72 Malta Feb 2013 • Public safety • Coverage extension • Automotive safety Initial D2D efforts led to many new use cases MWC 2013 Qualcomm pioneered device-to-device communication and showcased LTE-Direct proximity services over-the-air demos
  • 32.
    32 Qualcomm 9150 andSnapdragon are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. C-V2X has been commercialized based on sidelink C-V2X Introduced in 3GPP Release14 C-V2X already deployed commercially in China; U.S. deployment in progress Broad industry support with 3GPP, 5GAA, GSMA, SAE, ITE, NEMA, IEEE, and 5G Americas Qualcomm® 9150 C-V2X chipset commercialized starting 2018 Integration of C-V2X into the Snapdragon ® Auto Platforms
  • 33.
    33 Reduced capability devices (NR-Light) mmWave expansion Topology expansion Device enhancements Non-terrestrial networks(NTN) Unlicensed spectrum Advanced power saving and mobility Mission-critical design High-precision positioning New deployment models Flexible slot-based framework Mobile mmWave Scalable numerology Advanced channel coding Massive MIMO 4G foundations Fixed Wireless and enterprise Smartphones and laptops Boundless extended reality Automotive Industrial IoT IoT expansion Enhancing mobile broadband Enabling new verticals Our innovations expand the foundation of 5G Foundational Qualcomm innovations lead 3GPP Releases 15,16 and 17 33 Sidelink
  • 34.
    34 New deployment models Our Release16 inventions expand the 5G NR foundation Advanced power saving & mobility High-precision positioning Mission-critical design Unlicensed spectrum Shared spectrum, LAA, standalone operation For improved capacity and new use cases WUS, faster CA, full-power UL, dual connectivity For better device performance and coverage OTDOA, PRS, UE-based positioning, multi-cell RTT For more accurate indoor and outdoor positioning Multi-TRP, CoMP, service multiplexing & preemption For meeting ultra-high reliability of up to 99.9999% Non-public network, TSN, IAB, in-band eMTC/NB-IoT For new deployments such as IIoT & enterprise Fundamental contributions to 3GPP Cutting-edge prototypes Early R&D investments Sidelink Direct communication between devices For broader use cases, e.g., smartphones, IoT
  • 35.
    35 Qualcomm innovation leadershipin 3GPP Release 17 Reduced capability devices (NR-Light) Device enhancements Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) For expanded IoT: wearables, sensors, surveillance cameras Lower complexity devices with 20 / 100 MHz max bandwidth in sub-7 / mmWave with 1 or 2 Rx antennas For enhanced device user experience and performance More antennas, higher throughput, battery life, mobility, coverage, positioning accuracy, multi-SIM For ubiquitous coverage and expanded use cases Satellite communications for mobile devices and IoT, leveraging 5G NR framework Fundamental contributions to 3GPP Cutting-edge prototypes Early R&D investments mmWave expansion For more capacity, new use cases and deployments Licensed and unlicensed spectrum operations in 52.6-71 GHz Topology expansion For more efficient deployments, public safety, and others Enhanced IAB, relay, broader use cases for smartphones and beyond
  • 36.
    36 36 Multi-hop mesh coverageextension Release 18+ | System Simulation | Over-the-air testing Utilizing sidelink communication to extend coverage for 5G NR-Light IoT, enabling cost-efficient connectivity for multiple devices through a single wide-area connection Industrial IoT capacity expansion Release 18+ | Over-the-air testing Leveraging direct communication, with dynamic path switching, between devices and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) over 5G sidelink to expand system capacity Demonstrating 5G sidelink technologies delivering new capabilities and benefits for diverse use cases
  • 37.
    37 37 5G sidelink facilitatesdirect communication, with dynamic path switching, between devices and PLC, delivering expanded system capacity Release 18+ Over-the-air testing Industrial IoT Capacity Expansion
  • 38.
    38 38 5G sidelink canextend NR-Light coverage, enabling cost-efficient IoT connectivity for multiple devices through a single wide-area connection Release 18+ Over-the-air testing Multi-hop Mesh Coverage Extension
  • 39.
    39 Sidelink is acore topology of the 5G system design that can further extend the Connected Intelligent Edge Qualcomm is leading the way driving future 5G sidelink technology evolution and into new use cases Sidelink delivers a broad set of system benefits to diverse 5G devices, use cases, and deployments Sidelink is commercialized today and continues to evolve in the 5G era and beyond To enable new system efficiencies and vertical use cases Bringing next-level 5G versatility with sidelink
  • 40.
    Nothing in thesematerials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein. ©2018-2022 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm and Snapdragon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes our licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of our patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of our engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of our products and services businesses, including our QCT semiconductor business. Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: qualcomm.com & qualcomm.com/blog Thank you