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1000x: Higher Efficiency
The document discusses the need for innovative approaches to manage the anticipated 1000x increase in mobile data traffic due to smartphone growth and richer content consumption. It highlights various strategies such as optimizing spectrum usage, enhancing application efficiency, and utilizing advanced technologies like LTE broadcast and device-to-device communication. Qualcomm is focused on developing solutions that combine network efficiency with improved user experiences across multiple devices and services.
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1000x: Higher Efficiency
- 1. November 2013 1000x: Higherefficiency 1000x is not just about adding small cells and spectrum resources 1
- 2. Mobile data trafficgrowth— industry preparing for 1000x Industry preparing for 1000x data traffic growth* Richer content More devices more video everything connected Bestseller example: 5.93(High Definition) GB Movie ~ 2.49 GB Movie (Standard Definition) 0.0014 GB Homepage 1.8 GB Game for Android 0.14 GB Soundtrack ~ 7 Billion 25 Billion Interconnected device forecast in 20202 Cumulative smartphone forecast between 2013-20171 0.00091 GB Book *1000x would be e.g. reached if mobile data traffic doubled ten times, but Qualcomm does not make predictions when 1000x will happen, Qualcomm and its subsidiaries work on the solutions to enable 1000x 2
- 3. Clear trends: acceleratedsmartphone growth and more video Smartphone growth ~7 billion More mobile video > 10 exabytes ~10% ~1.7 billion ~20% cumulative forecast between 2013–2017 1 2017 Drives more traffic per device Need to address ‘chatty’ application signaling challenges Gartner, March ’13; 2Source Cisco VNI Mobile 2012 Mobile web/data Mobile video ~0.6 exabytes Smartphone shipments (units)1 1Source: (M2M, Gaming, Fileshare) ~70% ~675 million 2012 Other 2011 2016 Annual monthly data and distribution of traffic2 Drives overall traffic Need video optimizations, efficient delivery channels, broadcast. 3
- 4. 1000x is notjust about adding resources With higher efficiency techniques The whole is greater than the sum of the parts 4
- 5. Squeeze more outof small cells—interference management Interference coordination Advanced receivers Self organizing networks Tighter 3G/4G/Wi-Fi interworking Opportunistic small cells Multiflow across small cells And more.. Range Expansion Even better with next generation techniques ~3X ~2x additional gain with range expansion ~1.6X Macro + 4x 4 small cells added Median gain versus macro only baseline HSPA+ example, similar gain for LTE Advanced 5
- 6. Squeeze more capacityand value out of spectrum Wi-Fi 802.11 ac LTE in unlicensed spectrum Smart Pipe Intelligently access 3G/4G/Wi-Fi LTE Broadcast LTE Advanced HSPA+ Evolution Device-to-device More efficient apps & services More efficient data pipe Compress, cache, adapt, … Evolve 3G/4G/Wi-Fi 6
- 7. 1) More efficientapps and services 7
- 8. Optimizations on multiplelevels Dash adapts video to mobile HEVC/H.265 video uses ~40% less than today’s H.264 Improved video/audio codecs Higher level optimization/compression Possible today Uplink compression (SHUTR by Qualcomm) System optimizations High level OS Lower level optimizations Such as uplink HTTP payload compression (LTE/HSPA+)1 Future: more efficient compression 30-40% improved uplink throughput ~70% reduction in signaling2 13GPP R12 proposal: Add payload (e.g. HTTP GET & POST packets) compression to the PDCP layer, header (RoHC/IPHC) compression already resides in PDCP. Uplink compression is suitable since highly compressible HTTP packets are ~70% of uplink smartphone data volume (based on Qualcomm logs). 2Reduction in Radio Resource Control (RRC) transitions, which drives network signaling, frees up resources for more data capacity 8
- 9. Combining device andcontent delivery side optimizations To reduce network data traffic and speed up web page download Examples of optimizations1 Device Client SHUTR - reduced HTTP uplink traffic & improved browsing experience DNS redirection Optimal TCP configuration between client and server Web tech optimizations for Snapdragon-based devices Content partners on internet 1Press World’s largest content delivery network (CDN) Release: http://www.qualcomm.com/media/releases/2012/06/27/qualcomm-and-akamai-collaborate-optimize-mobile-page-loads-and-improve-mob9
- 10. Mobile adaptive videostreaming—DASH Enhances mobile user experience—less stalls, higher quality, lower latency High Video encoded into streams of different quality Med Low Time Open standard published —commercial in 2012 Global industry support by 50+ companies Device dynamically selects optimal stream, adaptive to changing network conditions Uses existing web delivery infrastructure 10
- 11. 2) More efficientdata pipe — key examples for 1000x 1X/DO advanced Wi-Fi 802.11 ac Bring LTE benefits to unlicensed spectrum LTE Broadcast LTE advanced Better delivery channel: LTE broadcast Bring LTE to unlicensed HSPA+ Evolution Smartphone signaling: HSPA+ FE-FACH LTE direct 11
- 12. Extending the benefitsof LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum 5 GHz LTE in Unlicensed spectrum 700 MHz to 3.8 GHz LTE in F1 Licensed spectrum Enhanced user experience Better performance Longer range and increased capacity Carrier aggregation Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in licensed spectrum with robust mobility Unified LTE Network Coexists with Wi-Fi Common LTE network with common authentication, security and management. Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors 12
- 13. Leverages existing LTEstandards, ecosystem and scale LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels Large scale, global 1 LTE deployments 200+ network launches in 80+ countries1 in unlicensed spectrum 2 LTEUSA, Korea and China for LTE Advanced 3GPP R10 Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands 3 LTE in unlicensed spectrum everywhere Regulatory ‘Listen Before Talk’ features require standards modifications Candidate technology for 3GPP R13 R10 Common core network with common mobility, security, authentication etc. 1Per GSA as of as of 3Q 2013 R13 Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum 13
- 14. A leader inall solutions to best leverage unlicensed spectrum Committed to end-to-end Wi-Fi, carrier Wi-Fi, bringing LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum Common LTE Advanced for licensed and unlicensed spectrum Licensed Spectrum Cleared spectrum for 3G/4G, ASA for 3G/4G Mobile operator managed service that aggregates licensed and unlicensed spectrum1 Exclusive use Mobile broadband 3G/4G for licensed and carrier Wi-Fi for unlicensed spectrum Mobile operator managed service with tighter Wi-Fi integration for better offload and enhanced services Unlicensed Spectrum Wi-Fi hotspots in unlicensed spectrum Multiple technologies (Wi-Fi, LTE in unlicensed) Shared use 1With Wi-Fi for backward compatibility Local area access for private/residential, enterprise users. Local area access 14
- 15. LTE broadcast Addressing manyusers means huge gains. But what about just a few users? 15
- 16. LTE broadcast flexible and betteruse of spectrum 5 users per site consume same content 7x throughput gain Source: Qualcomm Research 16
- 17. LTE broadcast flexible and betteruse of spectrum 2 users per site consume same content 3x throughput gain Source: Qualcomm Research 17
- 18. LTE broadcast flexible and betteruse of spectrum 1 users per site consume same content 1.7x throughput gain Source: Qualcomm Research 18
- 19. ! ! ! ! ! Dynamically move users to LTEbroadcast ! Smarter pipe: detect content, on the fly, that should use broadcast Source: Qualcomm Research 19
- 20. Ever increasing smartphoneapplication traffic Excessive signaling due to frequent small data bursts in the background1 1) Design efficient applications/compress News push Location updates Instant messaging Social networking 2) Smart pipe—gate background requests 3) Higher ‘signaling’ pipe capacity 1Applications push notifications, updates, messages to users, even when application is not active, could be multiple times per hour. This causes excessive network signaling due to setting up and tearing down the data channel for small, short, but frequent data bursts. 20
- 21. HSPA+ example: 10ximproved application ‘signaling’ pipe Commercial HSPA+ HSPA+ advanced R7/R8 CELL-FACH1 R11 FE-FACH3 Up to 90% reduced signaling load over HSPA Another capacity over HSPA+ Small data bursts Extended battery life Further extended battery life over HSPA2 Non full-buffer applications 1R7/R8 allows small amounts of data to be efficiently transported in CELL-FACH state: up to 90% reduction in network signaling load due for social media example. 2Cell-DCH w/ R7 CPC allows non full buffer apps to use connected mode, DCH, more efficiently (DTX/DRX). 3A main enhancements is downlink triggered feedback (CQI) and acknowledgements on the FACH reverse link, which makes FACH efficient like a regular HSPA link, see simulation assumptions in R1-112679 21
- 22. 3) Smart pipe 3G/4G/Wi-Fiselection Quality of service Smart pipe LTE broadcast Intelligently access 3G/4G/Wi-Fi Smartphone signaling Device to device 22
- 23. We need bothdevice and standards optimizations To intelligently access 3G/4G/Wi-Fi Qualcomm unique device optimizations Select Wi-Fi based on multiple inputs (policy, device, traffic type) Real-time Wi-Fi quality estimation Background traffic aggregation Opportunity for context awareness, e.g. location Qualcomm unique enhancements Device intelligence to select 3g/4g/Wi-Fi 3g/4g/Wi-Fi selection using both network and device information Even better combining Qualcomm’s device CnE and small cell connection management Standards based enhancements1 Connectivity engine CnE Qualcomm’s small cell connection management Macro Small cell Seamless Wi-Fi discovery/access Authentication and security Operator control/policies Seamless and selective mobility Tighter 3G/4G and Wi-Fi interworking 1Seamless Wi-Fi access with Passpoint/Hotspot 2.0 for automatic discovery and connectivity. Wi-Fi Authentication based on 3G/4G EAP-SIM/AKA. Operator policies based on 3GGG ANDSF and OMA-DM (3GPP R8). Seamless mobility using GTP in core network (EPC), and refined ANDSF (3GPP R9/10/11) for selective traffic/flow mobility. Further 3G/4G and Wi-Fi interworking targeted 3GPP R12, such as managing Wi-Fi access through 3G/4G 23
- 24. Smart 3G/4G/Wi-Fi selection—carrierWi-Fi example 3G/4G/Wi-Fi selection Discovery LTE Broadcast Making Wi-Fi smarter Authentication Operator policy Core network (EPC) connectivity + Device intelligence to select 3g/4g/Wi-Fi Quality of service Smartphone Signaling = Smart, opportunistic Wi-Fi offload Device to Device Maximize access for higher value core services—offload lower-value traffic1 1Such as OTT= Over The Top Services or some BE=Best Effort traffic. 24
- 25. Smart LTE broadcast—capacity& revenue opportunity 3G/4G/Wi-Fi selection Flexible and adaptive unicastbroadcast switching based on traffic/content patterns 3G/4G/Wi-Fi selection LTE Broadcast Quality of service Future: detect content, on the fly, to dynamically move users to broadcast Smartphone Signaling Device to Device Live events Live sporting events Breaking news Venuecasting Manage congestion Breaking news triggered content Top video clips Machine-to-machine Offload data Application updates Firmware updates Live tickers Distribute emedia Print media delivery Targeted advertising eLearning 25
- 26. Smart pipe—QoS andvalue-based revenue models Internet Best effort 3G/4G/Wi-Fi selection LTE Broadcast Enterprise SLA VoLTE, video telephone, rich services QoS to 3rd party (best effort) Background services Sponsored services Quality of service Wholesale services Smartphone Signaling Operator QoS services Over-the-top services Device to Device Tiered services Native services (e.g. VoLTE) 26
- 27. Smart pipe—aggregate trafficby gating application requests Reducing network signaling by ~30%1 3G/4G/Wi-Fi selection Social app Synch Social app Mail LTE Broadcast Quality of service Smartphone Signaling e.g. 10 minutes Fixed gating of background traffic (shown) Device to Device Opportunistic gating of background traffic Opportunistic gating of delay-tolerant traffic Qualcomm’s background gating solutions is called NSRM (Network Socket Request Manager) and is part of CnE. 1Reduced RRC signaling for a mix of application. The actual saving depends on gating timer, mix of applications and how much push notifications. In addition to fewer messages, bundling traffic also reduces overhead 27
- 28. Device-to-device will enhanceproximal communications Highly efficient, always-on local discovery and connectivity Unlicensed Wi-Fi direct LTEdirect Licensed Faster discovery Longer range Lower power 28
- 29. Summary: we areworking on multiple fronts to squeeze more capacity and value out of spectrum Wi-Fi 802.11 ac LTE in unlicensed spectrum Smart Pipe Intelligently access 3G/4G/Wi-Fi LTE Broadcast LTE Advanced HSPA+ Evolution Device-to-device More efficient apps & services More efficient data pipe Compress, cache, adapt, … Continue to Evolve 3G/4G/Wi-Fi 29
- 30. Will there be1000x demand? It’s just a matter of time… 30
- 31. Driving network evolution tolearn more, go to More details provided at: www.qualcomm.com/1000x 1) 1000x: More Spectrum www.qualcomm.com/spectrum 2) 1000x: More Small Cells www.qualcomm.com/HetNets 3) 1000x: Higher efficiency www.qualcomm.com/efficiency 31
- 32. Questions? - Connectwith Us www.qualcomm.com/technology http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam BLOG @Qualcomm_tech http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution http://storify.com/qualcomm_tech 32
- 33. Thank you Follow uson: For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog © 2013 QUALCOMM Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Te chnologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s enginee ring, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT. 33