Lss module 3 chpt 12 taking good care of my body

Module 3:
Wonders of My Body (I)
Chapter 12 Taking Good Care Of My Body
1© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd

Chapter 12 Taking Good Care
Of My Body
12.1 What is a healthy lifestyle?
12.2 What are drugs and their effects?
12.3 What are the harmful effects of
drinking alcohol?
smoking?

Objectives
 A healthy lifestyle involves daily habits
of having a balanced diet, regular
physical exercise, and the avoidance
of substances like drugs, inhalants,
alcohol and tobacco products.

A Healthy lifestyle
© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 4

An Unhealthy lifestyle

Of My Body
12.2 What are drugs and their
effects?
drinking alcohol?
smoking?

Objectives
 List some commonly abused drugs and
inhalants
 Recognise the harmful effects and
consequences of drug abuse such as
depression, hallucinations, addiction and
related social problems like crime and
transmission of AIDS
 Investigate how drugs can affect
personal health and communicate
findings
 Recognise ways to avoid becoming
addicted to drugs.

What is a drug?
 A drug is a chemical substance which
can cause changes to the body’s
functions and the brain when taken.
 Drugs may be useful or harmful. Most
medicinal drugs are useful drugs that
cure us from illness or keep us healthy.
 Harmful drugs are illegal and may make
us feel ‘high’ and become addicted.

Why do people abuse drugs?
 Taking drugs in a way that harms a
person’s health is called drug abuse.
 People abuse drugs because they are:
(a) being curious
(b) seeking to get “high”
(c) escaping from problems or boredom
(d) being under the influence of peers.

Why do people abuse drugs?
 There are many ill-effects when we
abuse drugs.
 These ill-effects may affect ourselves,
our community and society.

Ways to Avoid Drug Abuse
 Drug abuse can land us in trouble. A
trafficker can be sentenced to death
and a drug abuser may ruin his health
and his life.

Ways to Avoid Drug Abuse
Activity Book Link
Activity 12.1
Effects of Drugs

Of My Body
drinking alcohol?
smoking?

Objectives
 Recognise the possible harmful
effects of the consumption of alcohol
on the individual, his or her family and
society
 Investigate how alcohol can affect
findings
addicted to alcohol

Harmful effects of the
consumption of alcohol
 Alcohol is a type of drug that slows down
the activities of the brain and nervous
system.
 Drinking too much alcohol can cause
serious damage to our liver, brain and
stomach.
 Alcohol causes irritation to our stomach
wall. When it reaches the liver, it can harden
the tissues and damage the cells there.

legal limit of alcohol
 In Singapore, the legal limit of alcohol
for driving a vehicle is 35
microgrammes per 100 millilitres of
breath.

Activity Book Link
Activity 12.2 Effects of Excessive Consumption of
Alcohol

Of My Body
drinking alcohol?
smoking?

Objectives
 List some harmful substances in tobacco
smoke e.g. nicotine
 Investigate how smoking can affect
findings
 Recognise the possible harmful effects
of smoking or passive smoking on a
person’s health such as bronchitis, lung
cancer and heart disease
addicted to smoking

Smoking causes diseases
 Cigarette smoke can cause lung
cancer, mouth cancer, breathing
difficulties and heart diseases.
a smoker’s lung (left) and
a healthy lung (right)

Smoking and the Law
 In Singapore, people below the age
of 18 are not allowed to buy
cigarettes.
 The National Environment
Agency (NEA) has also banned
smoking in public places such as
common areas, covered walkways,
overhead bridges, bus shelters and
hawker centres.

Harmful Substances in Cigarette Smoke
 Cigarette smoke contains many poisonous chemicals.
 These include
(a) tar
(b) nicotine
(c) carbon monoxide
tar is used for building roads carbon monoxide is found in
car exhaust fumes

Activity Book Link
Activity 12.3
The Harmful Effects of Smoking

Passive Smoking
 Smoking is harmful to ourselves and the
people around us.
 Passive smoking is the inhalation of
smoke by people around smokers.
 Passive smokers may experience eye
irritation, headaches, cough, sore
throat, giddiness and vomiting. Over
time, passive smokers may also develop
lung cancer.

Smoking Reduces the Lung
Capacity
 A pair of healthy lungs contains many
tiny air sacs.
 Together, these air sacs occupy a
large volume and are efficient in
absorbing oxygen and removing
carbon dioxide.
 The harmful chemicals in cigarette
smoke damages the tiny air sacs in
the lungs.

Smoking damages tiny air
sacs

When the lungs are not able to absorb oxygen
and remove carbon dioxide efficiently, it causes
breathlessness.
Activity Book Link
Activity 12.4
A Smoker’s Sad-looking Organs

Harmful effects of smoking

Activity Book Link
Activity 12.5
Smoking and Its Dangers

Male Reproductive System
 The main function of the male
reproductive system is to produce and
deliver sperms.

Female Reproductive System
 The main function of the female
reproductive system is to produce ova
(eggs) and to provide a place for the foetus
to grow into a baby.

Chapter 11 Human
Reproduction
11.1 How do humans ensure the
continuation of life?
11.2 What happens during puberty?
11.3 What is facilitated reproduction?
11.4 What are some methods of birth
control?
11.5 What are some consequences of
sexually transmitted infections,
abortion and pre-marital sex?

Objectives
 Interpret and communicate data on
the physical changes that occur during
puberty and early adolescence
 Briefly describe the menstrual cycle
and fertilisation

What is puberty?
 Puberty starts at the age of 12 years
for most teenagers.
 At this stage, the body is growing to
become an adult body capable of
reproduction.
 Puberty is the stage when your body
sex hormones which cause physical
changes to the body.

Physical changes during puberty

The Menstrual Cycle
 During
puberty, girls
begin to
experience
menstruation
about once
every 28
days.

Menstruation

Menstruation
Activity Book Link
Activity 11.2
The Menstrual Cycle

Fertilisation
 Fertilisation occurs
when the sperm
combines with the
ovum in the
fallopian tube of the
female.
 Although many
sperm cells are
released, only one
sperm cell can
fertilise the ovum.

Embryo
 The fertilised egg is known as the
embryo. The embryo will develop into
a baby in about nine months.
a foetus will develop into a baby

process of fertilisation

Chapter 11 Human
Reproduction
control?

Objectives
 Show an awareness of some forms of
facilitated reproduction in humans,
e.g. in-vitro fertilisation and artificial
insemination

Why is natural fertilisation between the egg
and the sperm sometimes not successful?
 Some reasons for unsuccessful
fertilisation are:
(a) Not enough sperms are produced
(b) No healthy eggs are released by
ovaries
(c) Blockage of fallopian tubes

Facilitated reproductive methods
 With advancements in science and
technology, there are now many
methods to help couples who are
unable to have children by natural
means.
 These methods are called facilitated
reproductive methods.

Common forms of facilitated
reproduction
 The two common forms of facilitated
reproduction are:
(a) In-vitro fertilisation (IVF)
(b) Artificial insemination

In-vitro fertilisation (IVF)
 The fertilisation
of egg and
sperm cells
takes place in
a glass dish.
 The fertilised
egg is then
placed in the
uterus to
develop into a
baby.

Artificial insemination
 Sperm cells are released directly into the
uterus.
 This ensures a better chance of the egg being
fertilised by the sperm cells.

Chapter 11 Human
Reproduction
control?

Objectives
 Compare temporary and permanent
methods of birth control

Birth control
 Some married couples may choose not to have
children because they are not ready to raise a
family.
 There are 2 main methods to prevent
pregnancy:
(a) Temporary birth control methods allow the
couple to have children once they stop using
these birth control methods.
(b) Permanent birth control methods are
irreversible.

Temporary birth control methods
 Temporary
birth control
methods
may not be
100%
effective and
unwanted
pregnancies
may still
occur.
medical examination
of a pregnant lady

Chapter 11 Human
Reproduction
control?

Objectives
 Recognise the harmful consequence
of sexually transmitted infections like
syphilis, gonorrhoea and AIDS
 Recognise the consequences relating
to abortion and pre-marital sex

Sexually Transmitted Infections
 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
are infections that can be passed on
from one infected person to a
healthy person through sexual
intercourse.
 These infections are caused by
harmful bacteria or viruses and can
lead to diseases known as sexually
transmitted diseases.

Sexually Transmitted Infections
 STIs can also be contracted
through other ways like sharing
needles while taking drugs and
receiving a contaminated blood
transfusion.
 They may even be passed from an
infected mother to her child
during birth.

HIV
 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
infection is an example of an STI.
 It affects the body's immune system
and causes the body to be at risk of
infection, leading to AIDS (Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
 There is currently no cure for AIDS.

One of the symptons of AIDs is Kaposi's sarcoma,
which causes painful sores on the skin

Preventing the Spread of STIs
 The spread of STIs can be prevented by:
(a) Having only one sexual partner,
i.e. the one you are married to.
(b) Avoiding having pre-marital sex.
(c) Avoiding the sharing of injection needles
and the abusing of drugs.
(d) Using condoms during sexual intercourse.
However, this is not 100% effective in
preventing STIs.

Pre-marital Sex
 Pre-marital sex means having sex
before marriage.
 One consequence of engaging in
premarital sex is unintended
pregnancy.
 Having pre-marital sex also increases
the risk of contracting STIs.

Abortion
 Abortion means to end a pregnancy
deliberately.
 Some reasons why a mother might choose
abortion include:
(a) It is an unintended pregnancy.
(b) The mother is suffering from a serious
medical condition which will affect the
unborn child.
Activity Book Link
Activity 11.4
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Abortion
 Abortion is not a birth control method or a form
of contraception.
 Abortions can lead to some serious
consequences:
(a) The mother may sustain injuries during the
abortion or may even lose her life. Infection
of the womb may also occur and it will be
difficult for the mother to have babies in the
future.
(b) The woman may become depressed after
the abortion or develop anxiety, stress and
anger.

Lss module 3 chpt 12 taking good care of my body

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