Lss module 2 chpt 5 properties of matter

Module 2:
Matter Around Us
Chapter 5 Properties Of Matter
1© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd

5.1 What are the three states of
matter and how do we distinguish
between them?
5.2 How can materials be classified?
5.3 How can materials be separated
and purified?

Objectives
 Distinguish between the three states
of matter in terms of shape and
volume

What are the Three States of Matter?
 Matter exists in three different physical
states, solid, liquid and gas.
© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 4
a ceramic plate
is in the solid state
oil is in the
liquid state
steam coming out of a
kettle is in the gaseous state.

How can matter be classified?
 Matter can be classified as solid,
liquid or gas, according to physical
properties such as shape and
volume.

Do solids have a fixed shape?
 A solid has a fixed shape.
 A piece of rock when placed in a glass
beaker and transferred into a box has
the same shape.

Solids
 A measuring cylinder is filled with 20 cm3 of
water.
 A rock is placed in the measuring cylinder and
the level of the water rises to the 30 cm3 mark.
 Thus, the volume of the rock is 10 cm3.

Do solids have a fixed
volume?
 The rock is now placed into a beaker containing
20 cm3 of water.
 The water level rises by 10 cm3.
 This shows that the volume of the rock remains
the same.

Does a liquid have a fixed shape and
volume?
 Although the volume of water in each
container is the same, the liquid takes on
the different shapes of the containers.
 This shows that a liquid has a fixed
volume but not a fixed shape.

Does a gas have a fixed shape?
 Balloons of different shapes are filled
with air. Air fills the balloons and takes
the shape of the balloons.
 A gas has no fixed shape.

Does a gas have a fixed volume?
 A syringe is filled with air. The tip of the syringe is
closed and air is compressed by the plunger. The
volume of air decreases.
 Air can be compressed.
 A gas does not have a fixed volume

Summary of the properties of the
three states of matter
Activity Book Link
Activity 5.1
Characteristics of Solids, Liquids and Gases

Changes of States
 The three states of matter can be
changed from one state to another
and back to its original state.
 The temperature of a substance will
determine its physical state as each
substance has a fixed melting and
boiling point.

Processes that take place when
matter changes its states

The three states of water
when we put water in the
freezer, the ice that forms
is water in its solid state
when we turn on the tap,
water in its liquid state
flows out.
when we boil water, the
steam that forms is water
in its gaseous state

Summary of processes that take place
during the changes of states of water
Activity Book Link
Activity 5.2
Three States of Matter

5.1 What are the three states of matter
and how do we distinguish between
them?
and purified?

Objectives
 Describe materials in terms of physical
properties such as hardness, elasticity,
solubility, density, boiling/melting point,
electrical and thermal conductivities
 Relate knowledge of the properties of
materials to their everyday uses
 Compare materials in terms of their
physical properties
 Classify materials into different groups
(e.g. metals and non-metals; ceramics,
plastics and fibres)

Physical Properties of Matter
 Matter used to make an object is called the
material.
 The physical properties of an object depend
on the type of material it is made from.
matter can be found in a wide variety of forms.

 Every material has its own physical
properties.
Knowing the physical properties of a material
helps us to use it properly.
 Some examples of physical properties are:
(a) hardness,
(b) elasticity,
(c) solubility,
(d) density,
(e) boiling and melting points,
(f) electrical conductivity,
(g) thermal conductivity.
Physical properties of a
material

What is hardness?
 Hardness is the ability to withstand
scratches.
 A harder material can be used to
scratch or cut softer material.
plastic scissors can cut the plasticine because it is harder

What is elasticity?
 Elasticity is the ability of a material to
return to its original length or shape
after stretching or bending.
 Rubber is an elastic material.
rubber band stretched

What is solubility?
 The solubility of a matter is measured
by the maximum amount a substance
can dissolve in a given amount of
liquid at a given temperature.
 35 g of salt can dissolve in 100 cm3 of
water at room temperature. However,
only 20 g of copper sulfate can dissolve
in the same amount of water at the same
temperature.

What is density?
 Density is the mass per unit volume of a
substance.
 A material that has a greater density than
water will sink, while a material
less dense than water will float.

Densities of some substances

Boiling and melting points
 Boiling point is the temperature at which a
substance changes from liquid into gas.
 Melting point is the temperature at which a
substance changes from solid into liquid.
iron melts at 1536°C while ice melts at 0°C water boils at 100°C

Melting and boiling points of
some substances

Electrical conductivity
 Electrical conductivity of a material is a
measure of a material’s ability to conduct
electricity.
 Metals, for example, are good conductors of
electricity because they allow electricity to pass
through them easily.
a metal ruler can conduct electricity

Electrical conductivity of some
materials

Thermal conductivity
 Thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of a
material’s ability to conduct heat.
 When heated, the candle wax on the copper rod
melts the fastest.
 Copper is a better conductor of heat compared to glass
and wood.

 Materials ranked in
decreasing thermal
conductivity
 thermal
conductivity of
some materials.

Metals
 One of the most common ways to
classify things is based on whether
they are metallic or non-metallic.

Non-metals

Non-metals can be classified into
ceramics, plastics, fibres, wood and glass.

Non-metals can be classified into
ceramics, plastics, fibres, wood and glass.
Activity Book Link
Activity 5.4
Physical Properties of Solid Objects

Properties and Uses
 The choice of a material used to make something
depends on its properties.
 If the properties of different materials are known to us,
we can choose the most suitable material to make
things.
would you cook using a
metal pot with a metal handle?

Properties of metals, ceramics,
plastics and fibres
Activity Book Link
Activity 5.5
Classifying Different Materials and Studying their Uses

5.1 What are the three states of matter
and how do we distinguish between
them?
and purified?

Objectives
 Investigate substances that can be
extracted through the following
separation techniques:
▲Filtration
▲Evaporation

What is A Mixture?
 A mixture is formed when two or
more substances are added
together.

Separation of mixtures
 Mixtures can be separated into the original substances
by using separation techniques.
 The type of separation techniques used depends on
the physical properties of the parts of the mixture.
water from reservoirs is
purified by filtration
pores in the filter used to
brew coffee

Filtration
 Filtration is the process of removing insoluble solids
from a mixture of solids and a liquid by passing the
mixture through a filter.
 The liquid that has passed through the filter is called
the filtrate, while the coffee powder that remains on
the filter paper is called the residue.

Filtration system
 Filtration is used to purify water from
the reservoir before it can be drinkable.

Filtration
 Airconditioners draw in air and filter
out dust before releasing cool air.
Activity Book Link
Activity 5.6
Making a Water Purification Bed

Evaporation
 Evaporation is the
process where matter
changes in state from
liquid into a gas.
 Evaporation occurs at any
temperature. The higher
the temperature, the
faster the liquid
evaporates into a gas.
 Heat is absorbed from the
surroundings during
evaporation.

Evaporation
 Evaporation can only be used to separate a
dissolved solid that is stable to heat and
does not decompose.
 Salt is an example of a dissolved solid that
does not decompose upon heating.
a bowl of salt
solution
heat the solution
by placing it in the sun
or applying heat without
causing it to boil
after all of the liquid
(solvent) has evaporated,
only the salt crystals (solute)
remains

Distillation
 The process of
evaporation followed by
condensation is called
distillation.
 To obtain pure water from
salt solution, we heat the
salt solution to evaporate
the water, then condense
the hot water vapour to
form pure water (the
distillate).
 This process of cooling the
hot water vapour to form
liquid water is called
condensation.
condensation of water vapour
Activity Book Link
Activity 5.7
Separating a Mixture into
its Components

Lss module 2 chpt 5 properties of matter

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