This document introduces Arduino by defining what it is, the parts of an Arduino board, and how to program it. An Arduino is a microcontroller board that can be used to develop interactive objects by taking various inputs (e.g. sensors) and controlling physical outputs (e.g. lights, motors). It explains the basic components of an Arduino board and how Arduino code is uploaded and run. A simple example is provided to blink an LED using Arduino code and by changing the delay times, the blinking speed can be adjusted. Keywords like Arduino board, sketch, and LED are also defined.

1. Introduction to
Arduino
Seng Kang Secondary School
Applied Learning Programme (ALP)

2. Lesson Objective
• What is Arduino
• Parts of Arduino board
• Programming codes / Arduino
Software

3. What is an Arduino?
• Microcontroller board
• Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects,
taking INPUTS (eg. Switches or sensors) and controlling
physical OUTPUTS (eg. Lights or motors)
• The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased
preassembled

4. Power in
USB (to
computer)
Digital IO
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)RESET
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
Analog
INPUTS
Arduino

5. How Arduino works?
Human inputs
Eye
Ear
Nose
Tongue
Skin
Output
examples
Activate arms
Activate legs
Activate mouth
Human brain
Output
examples
Activate LEDs
Activate Servo
Activate buzzer
Arduino inputs
Light Sensors
Heart Rate sensors
Temperature sensors
Other inputs
Arduino Board

6. How Arduino works?
Arduino board
blinks the LED
Computer
uploads blinking
LED code to
Arduino board
Teacher shows
how to connect
the Arduino
components
Student connects
the Arduino
components
Student’s brain
Arduino Board

7. Digital Pins vs Analog Pins
• Digital Pin
– There is two modes
(eg: ON/OFF)
• Analog Pins
– Variable range
(eg: dimming the light,
different intensity)

8. Arduino Software
(Sketch)

9. Light Emitting Diode
(LED)
√ Polarity

10. Examples of LED

11. Activity: Blinking LED

12. Assemble
Negative leg LED  GND
Positive leg LED Pin 13

13. Codes
• Step 1: Double click the icon
to OPEN up the IDE
• Step 2: TYPE the code into the
space below.
• Step 3: Click on to VERIFY the
codes.
• Step 4: Click on to UPLOAD
the codes to the board.

14. What does the codes
means?

15. What do you observe
after the codes are
uploaded?

16. End with a semi-colon ( ; )
const int led = 13;
void setup ()
{
pinMode (led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop ()
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
Delay (1000);
}
Declaration
Setup function
(Preparation)
Loop function
(Execution)
Open and close with curly
brackets { }
Let’s Decode!!!

17. const int led = 13;
void setup ()
{
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop ()
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
Declare LED as pin 13
Define LED as OUTPUT
HIGH  LED On
LOW  LED Off
Duration between blinks
(In millisecond)

18. void loop ( )
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH) ;
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
void loop ( )
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH) ;
delay(500);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
delay(500);
}
What do you observe after the
codes are changed?

19. Keywords
• Arduino Board: Physical programmable circuit board
(also known as microcontroller)
• Sketch: The name that Arduino uses for a program. It is
where the program codes are written.
• LED: Light Emitting Diode. Is an output.