The document discusses various methods of birth control for both men and women, emphasizing the importance of protecting against unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It outlines a range of contraceptive options including barrier methods, hormonal methods, long-lasting contraceptives, permanent methods, nonmedical methods, and emergency contraceptives, along with their effectiveness and potential side effects. The document highlights that the choice of birth control varies based on individual needs, priorities, and health considerations.

1. BIRTH CONTROL
CH 9
By: Samantha Murphy

2. Birth Control
 This is a method used to protect oneself and
their sexual partners from unwanted
pregnancies as well as STI’s (sexually
transmitted infections)

3. Not just for women?
 Men deal with the subject of birth control as
much as women do.
 They benefit from it because it protects them
from infections as well as being a father before
they’re ready.
 Forms of birth control for men are condoms,
vasectomies and “withdrawal”.

4. Different Birth Control for Different
People
 Everyone is different. The type of birth control
a person uses depends on their own priorities
and needs.
Some choose the pill, because it is cost effective
in most places. Some choose IUD’s or shots
because they protect them fully from unwanted
pregnancy but are more expensive.
 How effective is the birth control?
This means, how much are they willing to protect
themselves from unplanned pregnancy.

5. Different Birth Control for Different
People
 How serious are the contradictions/side effects?
Side effects are the changes that result from the use
of the birth control. They can vary from abnormal
bleeding patters to increased urinary tract infections.
Contradictions are the physical problems with the birth
control or the dangers that come with it.
 For example, people who smoke while taking oral
contraceptive pills increase the risk of a blood clot,
especially women over thirty five.

6. Barrier Methods
 Male Condoms
These are very popular, they are usually a latex sheath that fits over an erect penis
and prevents sperm from entering a women’s body. These range from 80 to 98
percent of effectiveness from pregnancy and unwanted pregnancies depending on
how well their are used
 Female Condoms
This is a pouch that goes into a woman's vagina before intercourse occurs to reduce
the risk of STI’s and unwanted pregnancies. These are just about as effective as male
condoms but aren’t as widely used.
 Diaphragm
These are a dome shaped cup, made of rubber that fits in the vagina. The dome
is filled with spermicidal facing the cervix to kill of the sperm and preventing them
from entering the cervix. However it is only one time use before needing to be
cleaned. Also these need to be fit by a physician in order to work properly. This
met6hod is usually 94 percent effective if used properly.

7. Barrier Methods
 Cervical Cap
These are silicone based caps that fit directly over the cervix in order to
prevent sperm from entering the uterus. These also have spermicidal
jelly on it to kill sperm entering the vagina. Using this method is only 84
percent effective from preventing pregnancy
 Sponges
These are soft discs that lie at the opening of the cervix. These also
include spermicidal jelly in them to kill of sperm. These sponges are
easy to remove and have a loop to pull it right out. This is about 91
percent effective for women who have had children but for women who
have it is a lot less effective, sitting around 68 percent.

8. Hormonal Methods
 “The Pill” Oral Contraceptives
These are the most widely used in society today. With this method a pill is
taken everyday and depending on the regimen, a woman will have a period
every month to every three months. Most pills are filled with estrogen and
progestin. Usually a cycle consists of twenty one active pills and seven
inactive pills, this is when women usually have vaginal bleeding. This
prevents from pregnancy but not STI’s. When used correctly the pill is 99
percent effective, but if a pill is missed, the effectiveness drops down to 92
percent.
 Contraceptive Patch
This is a band aid looking patch that sticks to a body part and releases
hormones into the body. This is to be changed once a week for three weeks
and left off or the last week to allow for menstruation to occur. The rate of
effectiveness is around the same as the oral contraceptive and less reliable
for women exceeding 200 pounds.

9. Hormonal Methods
 Vaginal Ring
These are flexible rings that are inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy. These
secrete low doses of hormones into the body to stop ovulation. These are meant to be
left in for three weeks and taken out for one to allow for menstruation. These don’t
protect against STI’s however. The effectiveness varies from 92 to 99 depending on
proper usage.
 Minipills (progestin-only)
This is the same as the oral contraceptives but the only difference is these pills only
secrete progestin and no estrogen into the body. These also don’t prevent against
STI’s and are just as effective as the regular oral contraceptives.
 Three Month Shot (Depo-Provera)
This is an injection of progestin into the body. This shot prevents pregnancy for
three months. The dose given stops fertilization and ovulation of eggs. Anew shot
needs to be administered every three months. This method also doesn’t protect
against STI’s. If the shot is gotten on time, this method is about 99 percent
effective, if not the effectiveness drops down to about 97 percent.

10. Long Lasting Contraceptives
 Implanon
This is a soft stick that is implanted in a woman's arm for up to
six months. This method is about 99 percent effective in
preventing pregnancies. However it does not prevent STI’s
 Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
These are small plastic devices that are placed inside of the
uterus and secrete hormones. They also have a string for easy
extraction. This method is effective from five up to twelve years.
These are about 99 percent effective. These have to be inserted
by a trained medical professional, not by the woman using it.

11. Permanent Methods
 Sterilization of females
Essure
 This is like Tubal Ligation, however it is only a flexible spring that is
inserted into the fallopian tubes. This method is effective about three
months after insertion because that’s how long it takes for the
fallopian tubes to be completely blocked off. This method is about 95
percent effective, depending on if the doctor inserted the sponges
correctly.
Tubal Ligation (“Getting tubes tied”)
 This a surgical procedure closes off the woman's fallopian tubes.
This also does protect against HIV or STI’s. However it is 100 percent
effect in preventing pregnancy and is effective immediately.

12. Permanent Methods
 Sterilization of males
Vasectomy
 This a minor surgery to the vas deferens. It involves a
cut to the vas deferens, to prevent the sperm to travel
to the penis. This procedure is very simple. Each tube
is cut and burnt, so this isn't effective right away since
there might be sperm still in the vas deferens before
surgery. It takes about two weeks to be completely
effective.

13. Nonmedical Methods
 Withdrawal
This method isn't always effective. Withdrawal is a method
performed during sexual intercourse, when a male takes his
penis out of the woman's vagina and ejaculates somewhere
else. The effectiveness varies between 73 to 96 percent
depending on the person.
 Abstinence
When this word is mentioned, this refers to no sexual intercourse
or sexual contact with another. This is the most effective method.
It protects one from HIV, STI’s and unwanted pregnancies.

14. Emergency Contraceptives
 Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP’s)
These are also referred to as the “morning after pill”. These pills
are taken after sexual intercourse and when other birth control
has failed. It can be taken up to five days after sexual
intercourse. This pill releases hormones that disrupt the natural
production of hormones, so it decreases the chance of
pregnancy significantly. This method is around 90 percent
effective depending on the different brand taken.