Human locomotion involves the coordinated movement of bones, cartilage, muscles, tendons, and ligaments to allow movement from place to place. The skeletal system contains variously shaped bones that support the body structure, anchor muscle action, enable movement, and produce blood cells. Cartilage provides flexibility and cushioning between joints. The muscular system contains three muscle types - smooth and involuntary visceral muscles, striped and involuntary cardiac muscles of the heart, and skeletal muscles which are striped, voluntary, and control movement by pulling on bones. Tendons connect muscles to bones while ligaments connect bones at joints. Common problems affecting the system include arthritis which causes joint inflammation and pain, and tendonitis which is inflammation of tendons at

1. Human Locomotion
BY JEFFREY KURUVILLA
6-B
IIS

2. Human Locomotion
• Involves the
movement of
– Bones
– Cartilage
– Muscles
– Tendons
– Ligaments
• It allows humans to
move from place to
place

3. Human Skeletal System
• It contains bones of
many different shapes
and sizes
– Purposes
• Support and protection
of body structure
• Anchors muscle action
• Leverage fo body
movement
• Produces blood cells in
the marrow

4. Cartilage
• Connective tissues
– It is flexible and elastic
– It give support
– Flexibility of joints
– Cushions effects in joints
• It makes up most of the body’s
skeleton
• By adulthood most of the
cartilage is taken over by
bones
– Found:
• End of ribs
• Nose
• Ears
• bronchi
• Trachea

5. Human Muscular System
• There are three types
of muscles in the
human body
– Visceral
• Smooth in appearance
• Involuntary in action

6. Human Muscular System
• Cardiac muscles
– Involuntary in action
– Striped in appearance
• Heart
etc………………

7. Human Muscular System
• Skeletal Muscle
– Appearance
• Voluntary in action
• Striped in appearance
– Controlled by the central
nervous system
– They are used to move bones
in a coordinated manner
– Muscles usually operate in
pairs
• Which “pull” on the bones on
either side
– INCLUDE
» Extenders- which
extend the limbs
» Flexors – return the
limbs (bend the joints)

8. Tendons
• Made up of
connective tissues
• They are tough,
inelastic
• They connect the
muscle to the bone

9. Ligaments
• Made up of tough
elastic connective
tissue
• Able to stretch slightly
during joint movement
• Connect bones at
joints such as
– Elbows fingers knees

10. Problems that effect the Skeletal
System
- Arthritis
- Tendonitis

11. Arthritis
• Inflammation of the
joints causing
swelling an horrible
pain
– Cam occur at a young
age
– Usually occurs when
old

12. Tendonitis
• Inflammation
(swelling) of the
tendons usually at the
bone attachment
– Caused by physical
stress and irritation to
the spot
– Common in athletes

13. THANK
YOU!