The document discusses the musculoskeletal system, which includes the skeletal and muscular systems. It provides information on the key components and functions of these systems. The skeletal system provides structure and protection to the body through bones and joints. It works with the muscular system to enable movement, with muscles connecting to bones via tendons and ligaments. Together the skeletal and muscular systems interact with other body systems like the nervous, digestive and circulatory systems to support movement and overall body function.

1. By:
Phoebe D. Pangilinan
Claire Jan Mariel Paramio
Sean Santos
Marielle Tambolero
Rafaela Villanueva

2.  the act, fact, ability, or power of moving
 A musculoskeletal system (also known as
the locomotor system) is an organ system that
gives animals (including humans) the ability to move
using the muscular and skeletal systems.
 provides form, support, stability, and movement to the
body.

3. Skeletal System
Muscular System

4.  provides the shape and form for our bodies in addition
to supporting, protecting, allowing bodily
movement, producing blood for the body, and storing
minerals.
 Humans are born with about 300 to 350 bones;
however, many bones fuse together between birth
and maturity. As a result an average
adult skeleton consists of 206 bones.

6. Skeleton
Joints
Bone Tissue

7.  From Greek, skeletos = "dried-body", "mummy“
 consists of both fused and individual bones
supported and supplemented by ligaments,
tendons, muscles and cartilage.
 It serves as a scaffold which supports
organs, anchors muscles, and protects organs such
as the brain, lungs and heart.

8.  Exoskeletons are external, and are found in
many invertebrates; they enclose and protect the soft
tissues and organs of the body.
 Endoskeletons is the internal support structure of
an animal, composed of mineralized tissue and are
typical of many vertebrates.

9. Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

11.  The axial skeleton transmits the weight from the
upper extremities down to the lower extremities
at the hip joints
 responsible for the upright position of the
human body.
 The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by
 the vertebral column (26)
 the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum)
 the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones).

12.  Functions: to make locomotion possible and to
protect the major organs of
locomotion, digestion, excretion, and
reproduction.
 The appendicular skeleton (126 bones) is
formed by
 the shoulder girdles (4)
 the upper limbs (60)
 the pelvic girdle (2)
 the lower limbs (60).

13.  A joint is the location at which two or
more bones make contact.
 They are constructed to allow movement and provide
mechanical support, and are classified structurally
and functionally.

14.  Movable joints:
 Ball-and-socket -distal bone is capable of motion around an
indefinite number of axes
 Hinge joint -the articular surfaces are molded to each other in
such a manner as to permit motion only in backward and forward
motion
 Pivot joint-allows for rotation, which can be external (for
example when rotating an arm outward), or internal (as in rotating
an arm inward).
 Gliding joint- under physiological conditions, allows only gliding
movement.
 Immovable joints:
 Suture joint- a type of fibrous joint which only occurs in the skull
(or "cranium")

16.  is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the
body.
 Osseous tissue forms the rigid part of the bone organs that
make up the skeletal system.
 Two types:
 Compact bone-facilitates bone's main functions: to support
the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for
movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly
calcium.
 Spongy bone-makes up most of the volume of the bone. It
contains bone marrow which is a flexible tissue found in the
interior of bones

18.  Nervous system
 Bones provide calcium that is essential for the proper functioning
of the nervous system.
 The skull protects the brain from injury.
 The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury.
 The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury.
 The brain regulates the position of bones by controlling muscles.
 Muscular System
 To help the body move freely, the skeletal system works very
closely with the muscular system, which contains all the muscles
in the body. Each individual muscle in the body is connected to
one or more parts of the skeletal system
 Digestive System
 During the digestion of proteins, bones release Calcium which is
an essential element for the strength of bones.

19.  www.dls.ym.edu.tw
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 wordpress.com
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 blog.dearbornschools.org
 en.wikipedia.org

20.  is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth
and cardiac muscles.
 It permits movement of the body, maintains
posture, and circulates blood throughout the body.
 Muscle cells, called fibers, move by lengthening and
contracting, a process that generates much of the body
heat needed for survival.

22.  Skeletal muscles
 Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by dense, fibrous connective
tissue called tendons.
 Exert balanced tension to hold bones in place to maintain the body's
position, or posture.
 There are nearly 650 skeletal muscles in the human body
 Cardiac muscle
 Cardiac, or heart, muscle is striated, but its action is beyond conscious
control.
 When the skeletal muscles are exercised, they send signals to the heart
via nerve cells to provide more oxygen
 Smooth or visceral muscles
 found in blood vessels and organs including the intestines, stomach and
urinary tract, are involuntary
 They respond to demands for increased oxygen from the skeletal

26.  Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective
tissue that usually connect muscle to bone
 Ligaments refer to fibrous tissue that connect
bones to other bones. Example : head and
neck, wrist, thorax, pelvis, knee

29.  The Skeletal System
 Most of the muscular system exists for the exclusive purpose of
interacting with the skeletal system. Muscles move bones in relationship
to each other whenever you move your legs or arms. Smaller muscles
move your jaws and fingers.
 The Nervous System
 The nervous system can be viewed as complex information-possessing
systems whose input is the senses and whose output is the muscles.
 The Circulatory System
 The circulatory system brings nutrients to the muscles and takes away
wastes. The circulatory system also carries hormones that regulate
muscular activity. The pump for the circulatory system is the heart--a
muscle.

30.  The Digestive System
 The muscles of the jaw masticate food, and then muscles along the
esophagus move food from the mouth to the stomach. Muscles along the
intestines move digesting food along, and muscles control sphincters that
isolate the sections of the digestive system.
 The Respiratory System
 The main interaction between the muscular system and the respiratory
system is the diaphragm: a large, flat muscle that separates the lungs
from the intestines. It is the movement of the diaphragm that causes the
lungs to inflate and deflate.
 The Immune System
 The muscular system interacts with the immune system via the lymph
system. The lymph vessels run through the muscles, and the regular
action of the muscles pumps lymph through the lymph vessels. The
lymph system does not have a pump like the circulatory system does.

31.  Flexors
 Flexors bend at the joint, decreasing the interior angle of the joint.
Bicep, is a flexor of the elbow joint, bringing the fist towards the shoulder.
 Extendors
 Extensors unbend at the joint, increasing the interior angle. The tricep, is
an extensor of the elbow joint, taking the fist farther away from the
shoulder.
 Abductors (link)
 Abductors take away from the body, like lifting the arm to the side. Abd-
means to take away. Spreading out your fingers uses abductors, because
you are taking away your fingers from an imaginary line running down
your arm
 Adductors (link)
 Adductors move toward the body. By lowing an arm raised to the side, or
moving your fingers together while keeping them straight, your muscles
are adducting.

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 wix.com
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