Localization uses a user's cellular or web connection to identify and track their location. The GSM network uses home and visitor location registers to store information about a user's location. This allows a user's location to be identified worldwide using their phone number. Handover is the process of switching a user's radio connection between base stations to maintain connectivity as the user moves.

1. LOCALIZATION &
CALLING
Asst.Prof. Rupali Lohar
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
B. R. Harne College Of Engineering & Technology, Karav, Post Vangani (W Tal
Ambernath, Mumbai, Maharashtra 421503

2. LOCALIZATION
• To identify the location of the particular user we use localization. All
cellular or web based user's used localization to identify and tracking of the
location .
• GSM (Global System for mobile communication) provides many useful
services in which, one of the most important is the automatic, worldwide
localization of users.
• The service provider system always knows where a user currently is, and
the same phone number is valid worldwide.
• GSM uses two types of databases:
• Home Location Register (HLR)
• Visitor Location Register (VLR)

3. • To locate an MS and to address the MS, several numbers are needed:
• - Mobile station international ISDN number (MSISDN)
• - International mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)
• - Temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI)
• - Mobile station roaming number (MSRN)

6. Mobile Originated Call

10. GSM
HANDOVER:
Handover is the process of switching a radio connection from
one BS to another in order to maintain seamless radio
connection during mobile station movement.
BTS
BTS
HANDOVER