The liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the upper abdominal cavity. It has a wedge shape and extends from the right upper quadrant to the left upper quadrant. The liver is divided into two lobes - a larger right lobe and a smaller left lobe - separated by the falciform ligament anteriorly and the fissure of the ligamentum teres inferiorly. It has five surfaces: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, and right. The liver performs many important functions and has various anatomical connections and blood supply.
anatomy of duodenum, location or position of duodenum, parts of duodenum, relations of each parts of duodenum, ligaments of treitz, visceral and peritoneal relation of duodenum, blood supply of duodenum, innervation of duodenum, clinical aspects of duodenum, duodenal ulcer, diverticulum, deodinitis, duodenal obstruction
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
anatomy of duodenum, location or position of duodenum, parts of duodenum, relations of each parts of duodenum, ligaments of treitz, visceral and peritoneal relation of duodenum, blood supply of duodenum, innervation of duodenum, clinical aspects of duodenum, duodenal ulcer, diverticulum, deodinitis, duodenal obstruction
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
Tell me in comment section if any suggestions or query.
This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
Tell me in comment section if any suggestions or query.
1st GNM - Anatomy Unit - 1 - introduction.pptxthiru murugan
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit – I: Introduction to anatomical terms organization of the human body a) Anatomical terms b) Systems and cavities of the human body
BODY POSITIONS
REGIONAL NAMES
9 - Quadrants and regions of body
Abdominopelvic quadrants
DIRECTIONL TERMS
Terms related to organs
Body planes and sections
Body Movement
Movement is the change in the position of a body part with respect to the whole body
Types of Body Movements:
Flexion: bending an arm or leg
Extension straightens
Circumduction: combination of all movements
Abduction away from the midline
Adduction toward the midline
Rotation movement of the limbs around their long axis
Supination palm up.
Pronation palm down
Elevation movement in a superior direction
Depression movement in an inferior direction.
Systems of the human body
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system and immunology
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
Body cavities
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology as per the curriculum of CTEVT
Disclaimer: The images included in the slides are the properties of their respective owners. I do not own any of the images.
Similar to Liver anatomy (5 min lecture) naihs group_10_6_th batch (20)
Rancidification
The complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, or moisture or by bacterial action, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor.
Pathways of Rancidification
Three pathways
• Hydrolytic
Hydrolytic rancidity refers to the odor that develops when triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids are released. This reaction of lipid with water may require a catalyst, leading to the formation of free fatty acids and glycerol. In particular, short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, are malodorous.
• Oxidative
Oxidative rancidity is associated with the degradation by oxygen in the air. The double bonds of an unsaturated fatty acid can be cleaved by free-radical reactions involving molecular oxygen. This reaction causes the release of malodorous and highly volatile aldehydes and ketones. Because of the nature of free-radical reactions, the reaction is catalyzed by sunlight.
• Microbial
Microbial rancidity refers to a water-dependent process in which microorganisms, such as bacteria or molds, use their enzymes such as lipases to break down fat. By destroying or inhibiting microorganisms, pasteurization (sterilization) and addition of antioxidant ingredients, such as vitamin E, can reduce this process.
Obtaining sample of exfoliated cells (dead cells that are shed) of cervix and simple test to look at cervical cells
Also called Papanicolaou tests or cervical cytology
The specimen should be obtained 2 weeks after the first day of LMP taken by brushing or scraping
Purpose of pap smear test
.To detect early cancer of the cervix
To determine estrogen activity related to menopause or endocrine abnormalities.
Series of events that take place in the genital organs in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labor.
Also called “Eutocia”
DELIVERY is expulsion or extraction of a viable fetus out of the womb .
It is not synonymous with labor
Delivery can take place without labor as in elective caesarean section
It may be vaginal, either spontaneous or aided or it may be abdominal
Labor is called normal if it fulfils the following criteria's:
Spontaneous and at term
With vertex presentation
Without undue prolongation
Natural termination with minimal aids
Without having any complications affecting the health of a mother and/or baby
ABNORMAL LABOR
Any deviation from the definition of normal labor is called as abnormal labor
Thus labor in a case with presentation other than vertex or having some complications even with vertex presentation affecting the normal course of labor or modifying the nature of termination or affecting the health of mother or baby is called abnormal labor.
Starvation is defined medically in two parts that is: The act or process of starving and the condition of being starved, while ‘Neglect’ is defined as – to fail to give due care, attention, or time to someone an adult/ a child especially.
Japanese encephalitis_6th batch_NAIHS_Devlop ShresthaDevlop Shrestha
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito borne encephalitis caused by group B arbovirus
Zoonotic disease
Transmitted by the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes
No man to man transmission of disease
No man to mosquito spread of disease
pathogenesis
Virus enters the body through the bite of mosquitoes
After multiplication in local and regional lymph nodes, viremia of varying duration occurs
Virus is transported to target organ (brain) via blood
Virus proliferate and damages the neuronal tissues , thereby elicits nervous manifestation
The first historic mention of Japanese encephalitis occurred during the
“summer encephalitis” outbreaks in the late 1870s. The next documented
epidemic in Japan occurred in 1924 with 6,125 human cases resulting in
3,797 human deaths (62% case-fatality rate). The virus was first isolated
in Japan in 1935 from a fatal human case of encephalitis. In 1938, the
virus was first isolated from its primary vector species, Culex
tritaeniorhynchus.
In 1940, JE was first identified in China, and in 1949 it was identified in
Korea during a major epidemic that resulted in 5,548 human cases. In
1954 the virus was recognized in India and a major epidemic occurred in
1978 with over 6,000 human cases. In 1983 in South Korea, JE
immunizations started in children as young as age 3 except in endemic
areas where the vaccine was recommended in children even younger.
From 1983 to 1987 the JE vaccine was available in the U.S. on an
investigational basis.
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Medical procedure
Bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then collected for examination.
Presentation on:
Describe the gross anatomy of heart under following: external features, surface markings and areas of auscultation.
List the components of examination of Cardiovascular System.
Define cardiac cycle and its phases.
Define venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output, preload, afterload and ejection fraction with their normal range.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Liver anatomy (5 min lecture) naihs group_10_6_th batch
1. Liver anatomy
By -Group 10
Devlop Shrestha
Gaurav Thakuri
Kala Shrestha
Martina Gautam
Niraj Joshi
Oshan Shrestha
Pradeepta Adhikari
Roshan Chhetri
Sajal K.C
Subarna Neupane
Facilitator- Maj Dr. Suman Gurung
2. Liver
• Largest gland
• Weight: 1.6 kg in males, 1.3
kg in females
• Found in upper abdominal
cavity
• Shape: Wedge shaped
3. • Extents:
-From right upper quadrant to
left upper quadrant of the abdomen
• Location:
-Right hypochondrium
-Epigastric
-Left hypochondrium
4. Lobes
• Right (larger) and Left lobe (smaller)
a. By falciform ligament (anteriorly and
superiorly)
b. By fissure of ligamentum teres (inferiorly)
c. By fissure of ligamentum venosum (posteriorly)
• Posterior surface consists of caudate and quadrate lobes
• Right lobe forms 5/6th of liver
9. Peritoneal relations
Most of the part of liver
-Covered by peritoneum
Except
Triangular bare area
Groove for inferior venacava
Fossa for gallbladder
Area for attachment of lesser omentum
Fissure for attachment of ligamentum venosum
12. Posterior surface
• Bare area- related to diaphragm
• Groove for inferior venacava
• Caudate lobe
• Fissure for ligamentum venosum
• Posterior surface of left lobe
13. Superior surface
• Quadrilateral
• Concavity at middle
- cardiac impression
• On each side of impression
- convex surface
- dome of diaphragm
14. Inferior surface
Gastric impression
-concavity
Fissure for ligamentum
teres
Quadrate lobe
Fossa for gall bladder
Colic impression
15. Right surface
• Quadrilateral and convex
• Related to Diaphragm
-opposite the 7th to 11th ribs
• Upper 1/3rd surface
-related to diaphragm, pleura and lung
16. • Middle 1/3rd surface
-related to diaphragm and costodiaphragmatic recess
of pleura
• Lower 1/3rd surface
-related to diaphragm alone
