Rancidification
The complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, or moisture or by bacterial action, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor.
Pathways of Rancidification
Three pathways
• Hydrolytic
Hydrolytic rancidity refers to the odor that develops when triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids are released. This reaction of lipid with water may require a catalyst, leading to the formation of free fatty acids and glycerol. In particular, short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, are malodorous.
• Oxidative
Oxidative rancidity is associated with the degradation by oxygen in the air. The double bonds of an unsaturated fatty acid can be cleaved by free-radical reactions involving molecular oxygen. This reaction causes the release of malodorous and highly volatile aldehydes and ketones. Because of the nature of free-radical reactions, the reaction is catalyzed by sunlight.
• Microbial
Microbial rancidity refers to a water-dependent process in which microorganisms, such as bacteria or molds, use their enzymes such as lipases to break down fat. By destroying or inhibiting microorganisms, pasteurization (sterilization) and addition of antioxidant ingredients, such as vitamin E, can reduce this process.
Obtaining sample of exfoliated cells (dead cells that are shed) of cervix and simple test to look at cervical cells
Also called Papanicolaou tests or cervical cytology
The specimen should be obtained 2 weeks after the first day of LMP taken by brushing or scraping
Purpose of pap smear test
.To detect early cancer of the cervix
To determine estrogen activity related to menopause or endocrine abnormalities.
Series of events that take place in the genital organs in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labor.
Also called “Eutocia”
DELIVERY is expulsion or extraction of a viable fetus out of the womb .
It is not synonymous with labor
Delivery can take place without labor as in elective caesarean section
It may be vaginal, either spontaneous or aided or it may be abdominal
Labor is called normal if it fulfils the following criteria's:
Spontaneous and at term
With vertex presentation
Without undue prolongation
Natural termination with minimal aids
Without having any complications affecting the health of a mother and/or baby
ABNORMAL LABOR
Any deviation from the definition of normal labor is called as abnormal labor
Thus labor in a case with presentation other than vertex or having some complications even with vertex presentation affecting the normal course of labor or modifying the nature of termination or affecting the health of mother or baby is called abnormal labor.
Starvation is defined medically in two parts that is: The act or process of starving and the condition of being starved, while ‘Neglect’ is defined as – to fail to give due care, attention, or time to someone an adult/ a child especially.
Japanese encephalitis_6th batch_NAIHS_Devlop ShresthaDevlop Shrestha
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito borne encephalitis caused by group B arbovirus
Zoonotic disease
Transmitted by the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes
No man to man transmission of disease
No man to mosquito spread of disease
pathogenesis
Virus enters the body through the bite of mosquitoes
After multiplication in local and regional lymph nodes, viremia of varying duration occurs
Virus is transported to target organ (brain) via blood
Virus proliferate and damages the neuronal tissues , thereby elicits nervous manifestation
The first historic mention of Japanese encephalitis occurred during the
“summer encephalitis” outbreaks in the late 1870s. The next documented
epidemic in Japan occurred in 1924 with 6,125 human cases resulting in
3,797 human deaths (62% case-fatality rate). The virus was first isolated
in Japan in 1935 from a fatal human case of encephalitis. In 1938, the
virus was first isolated from its primary vector species, Culex
tritaeniorhynchus.
In 1940, JE was first identified in China, and in 1949 it was identified in
Korea during a major epidemic that resulted in 5,548 human cases. In
1954 the virus was recognized in India and a major epidemic occurred in
1978 with over 6,000 human cases. In 1983 in South Korea, JE
immunizations started in children as young as age 3 except in endemic
areas where the vaccine was recommended in children even younger.
From 1983 to 1987 the JE vaccine was available in the U.S. on an
investigational basis.
Rancidification
The complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, or moisture or by bacterial action, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor.
Pathways of Rancidification
Three pathways
• Hydrolytic
Hydrolytic rancidity refers to the odor that develops when triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids are released. This reaction of lipid with water may require a catalyst, leading to the formation of free fatty acids and glycerol. In particular, short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, are malodorous.
• Oxidative
Oxidative rancidity is associated with the degradation by oxygen in the air. The double bonds of an unsaturated fatty acid can be cleaved by free-radical reactions involving molecular oxygen. This reaction causes the release of malodorous and highly volatile aldehydes and ketones. Because of the nature of free-radical reactions, the reaction is catalyzed by sunlight.
• Microbial
Microbial rancidity refers to a water-dependent process in which microorganisms, such as bacteria or molds, use their enzymes such as lipases to break down fat. By destroying or inhibiting microorganisms, pasteurization (sterilization) and addition of antioxidant ingredients, such as vitamin E, can reduce this process.
Obtaining sample of exfoliated cells (dead cells that are shed) of cervix and simple test to look at cervical cells
Also called Papanicolaou tests or cervical cytology
The specimen should be obtained 2 weeks after the first day of LMP taken by brushing or scraping
Purpose of pap smear test
.To detect early cancer of the cervix
To determine estrogen activity related to menopause or endocrine abnormalities.
Series of events that take place in the genital organs in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labor.
Also called “Eutocia”
DELIVERY is expulsion or extraction of a viable fetus out of the womb .
It is not synonymous with labor
Delivery can take place without labor as in elective caesarean section
It may be vaginal, either spontaneous or aided or it may be abdominal
Labor is called normal if it fulfils the following criteria's:
Spontaneous and at term
With vertex presentation
Without undue prolongation
Natural termination with minimal aids
Without having any complications affecting the health of a mother and/or baby
ABNORMAL LABOR
Any deviation from the definition of normal labor is called as abnormal labor
Thus labor in a case with presentation other than vertex or having some complications even with vertex presentation affecting the normal course of labor or modifying the nature of termination or affecting the health of mother or baby is called abnormal labor.
Starvation is defined medically in two parts that is: The act or process of starving and the condition of being starved, while ‘Neglect’ is defined as – to fail to give due care, attention, or time to someone an adult/ a child especially.
Japanese encephalitis_6th batch_NAIHS_Devlop ShresthaDevlop Shrestha
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito borne encephalitis caused by group B arbovirus
Zoonotic disease
Transmitted by the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes
No man to man transmission of disease
No man to mosquito spread of disease
pathogenesis
Virus enters the body through the bite of mosquitoes
After multiplication in local and regional lymph nodes, viremia of varying duration occurs
Virus is transported to target organ (brain) via blood
Virus proliferate and damages the neuronal tissues , thereby elicits nervous manifestation
The first historic mention of Japanese encephalitis occurred during the
“summer encephalitis” outbreaks in the late 1870s. The next documented
epidemic in Japan occurred in 1924 with 6,125 human cases resulting in
3,797 human deaths (62% case-fatality rate). The virus was first isolated
in Japan in 1935 from a fatal human case of encephalitis. In 1938, the
virus was first isolated from its primary vector species, Culex
tritaeniorhynchus.
In 1940, JE was first identified in China, and in 1949 it was identified in
Korea during a major epidemic that resulted in 5,548 human cases. In
1954 the virus was recognized in India and a major epidemic occurred in
1978 with over 6,000 human cases. In 1983 in South Korea, JE
immunizations started in children as young as age 3 except in endemic
areas where the vaccine was recommended in children even younger.
From 1983 to 1987 the JE vaccine was available in the U.S. on an
investigational basis.
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Medical procedure
Bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then collected for examination.
Presentation on:
Describe the gross anatomy of heart under following: external features, surface markings and areas of auscultation.
List the components of examination of Cardiovascular System.
Define cardiac cycle and its phases.
Define venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output, preload, afterload and ejection fraction with their normal range.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Medical procedure
Bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then collected for examination.
Presentation on:
Describe the gross anatomy of heart under following: external features, surface markings and areas of auscultation.
List the components of examination of Cardiovascular System.
Define cardiac cycle and its phases.
Define venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output, preload, afterload and ejection fraction with their normal range.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
