This document summarizes research on immobilizing palladium nanoparticles with a functional ionic liquid grafted onto a cross-linked polymer for solvent-free Heck reactions. Specifically:
1) A functional ionic liquid containing an amine group was synthesized and copolymerized with divinylbenzene to produce a cross-linked polymer support.
2) Palladium nanoparticles were immobilized on this polymer using aqueous palladium chloride, then reduced with sodium borohydride.
3) Characterization with FTIR, TGA, TEM, XPS showed the palladium nanoparticles were successfully supported on the polymer through amine binding.
4) This catalyst was tested for Heck
A graphene/hemin hybrid material as an efficient green catalyst for stereosel...Pawan Kumar
The document describes a study investigating a hemin/graphene composite catalyst for the stereoselective olefination of aldehydes using ethyl diazoacetate.
1) A hemin/graphene oxide composite was prepared and found to efficiently catalyze the olefination of aromatic aldehydes with high (E)-selectivity, showing its potential as a heterogeneous catalyst.
2) The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.
3) A variety of substituted aromatic and alicyclic aldehydes underwent olefination using this catalyst, providing moderate to high product yields and stereoselectivity.
GRC poster-Petasi reactin and mechanismIstvan Enyedy
1) Binaphthol catalysts enable stereoselective Petasis reactions between salicylaldehydes and arylboronate esters, providing chiral amines in high yields and enantiomeric excesses.
2) Investigation of the reaction mechanism found that the cyclic bidentate binaphthol phenylboronate ester was not an intermediate. Instead, the reaction likely proceeds through acyclic intermediates involving binaphthol, boronate ester, and amine components.
3) Quantum chemical calculations support a mechanism where the rate-determining step is rearrangement of an iminium intermediate, which determines the reaction stereochemistry.
- Organometallic compounds contain a carbon-metal bond and are important organic reagents, such as Grignard reagents (RMgX).
- Organometallic compounds provide a source of nucleophilic carbon that can react with electrophilic carbons to form new carbon-carbon bonds, allowing synthesis of complex molecules from simple starting materials.
- Common reactions involve organolithium (RLi) and Grignard (RMgX) reagents adding to the carbonyl groups in aldehydes, ketones, and esters to form alcohols.
The document discusses how changing the covalent radius of bonds in organic compounds can alter their properties. It presents that increasing the covalent radius will increase the distance between bonded atoms. This increased distance leads to lower melting points, boiling points, and tensile strength. The document constructs virtual models of organic compounds to demonstrate how compounds with the same structure but different covalent radii will have varying distances between atoms and altered properties as a result. It concludes that producing new properties in organic compounds can be achieved by modifying the covalent bond radius.
This document presents information on organomercury compounds. It introduces organomercury compounds and notes that the Hg-C bond is typically stable but sensitive to light. It discusses the structure, preparation, reactions and examples of important organomercury compounds like methylmercury and dimethyl mercury. The preparation methods covered include the direct reaction of hydrocarbons with mercury salts and the use of sodium amalgam. Key reactions discussed are the Heck reaction and oxymercuration-demercuration reactions. Applications mentioned include use as fungicides, catalysts, and in medicines.
This document contains an unsolved chemistry exam from 1995 containing 50 multiple choice questions testing concepts related to general chemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry. The questions cover topics such as buffers in blood, protein structure, ATP generation from glucose, enzyme properties, organic reactions, acid-base properties, radioactivity, gas laws, and thermodynamics.
A graphene/hemin hybrid material as an efficient green catalyst for stereosel...Pawan Kumar
The document describes a study investigating a hemin/graphene composite catalyst for the stereoselective olefination of aldehydes using ethyl diazoacetate.
1) A hemin/graphene oxide composite was prepared and found to efficiently catalyze the olefination of aromatic aldehydes with high (E)-selectivity, showing its potential as a heterogeneous catalyst.
2) The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.
3) A variety of substituted aromatic and alicyclic aldehydes underwent olefination using this catalyst, providing moderate to high product yields and stereoselectivity.
GRC poster-Petasi reactin and mechanismIstvan Enyedy
1) Binaphthol catalysts enable stereoselective Petasis reactions between salicylaldehydes and arylboronate esters, providing chiral amines in high yields and enantiomeric excesses.
2) Investigation of the reaction mechanism found that the cyclic bidentate binaphthol phenylboronate ester was not an intermediate. Instead, the reaction likely proceeds through acyclic intermediates involving binaphthol, boronate ester, and amine components.
3) Quantum chemical calculations support a mechanism where the rate-determining step is rearrangement of an iminium intermediate, which determines the reaction stereochemistry.
- Organometallic compounds contain a carbon-metal bond and are important organic reagents, such as Grignard reagents (RMgX).
- Organometallic compounds provide a source of nucleophilic carbon that can react with electrophilic carbons to form new carbon-carbon bonds, allowing synthesis of complex molecules from simple starting materials.
- Common reactions involve organolithium (RLi) and Grignard (RMgX) reagents adding to the carbonyl groups in aldehydes, ketones, and esters to form alcohols.
The document discusses how changing the covalent radius of bonds in organic compounds can alter their properties. It presents that increasing the covalent radius will increase the distance between bonded atoms. This increased distance leads to lower melting points, boiling points, and tensile strength. The document constructs virtual models of organic compounds to demonstrate how compounds with the same structure but different covalent radii will have varying distances between atoms and altered properties as a result. It concludes that producing new properties in organic compounds can be achieved by modifying the covalent bond radius.
This document presents information on organomercury compounds. It introduces organomercury compounds and notes that the Hg-C bond is typically stable but sensitive to light. It discusses the structure, preparation, reactions and examples of important organomercury compounds like methylmercury and dimethyl mercury. The preparation methods covered include the direct reaction of hydrocarbons with mercury salts and the use of sodium amalgam. Key reactions discussed are the Heck reaction and oxymercuration-demercuration reactions. Applications mentioned include use as fungicides, catalysts, and in medicines.
This document contains an unsolved chemistry exam from 1995 containing 50 multiple choice questions testing concepts related to general chemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry. The questions cover topics such as buffers in blood, protein structure, ATP generation from glucose, enzyme properties, organic reactions, acid-base properties, radioactivity, gas laws, and thermodynamics.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
The document summarizes the Chan-Lam coupling reaction, which is a copper-catalyzed coupling between an aryl boronic acid and an alcohol or amine to form secondary aryl ethers or aryl amines. It provides the history of the reaction and compares it to related palladium-catalyzed reactions. The document then discusses the proposed mechanism and provides several applications of the Chan-Lam coupling reaction in synthesizing drug molecules, heteroarenes, aminoesters, and other compounds. In conclusion, the author discusses developing an improved Chan-Lam protocol using a novel copper catalyst that is simple, rapid, and produces products at room temperature in a short time.
Meulepas, 2010, Effect Of Methanogenic Substrates On Anaerobic Oxidation Of M...roelmeulepas
This document describes a study that tested six methanogenic substrates (acetate, formate, methanol, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanethiol) as potential interspecies electron carriers (IECs) in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction. The substrates were added to an enrichment culture containing archaea and bacteria involved in AOM and sulfate reduction. The presence of acetate, formate, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide enhanced sulfate reduction but did not inhibit AOM or trigger methanogenesis. Methanol did not enhance sulfate reduction or inhibit AOM. Methanethiol completely inhibited both AOM and sulfate reduction. Based on these results, the tested substrates could not solely support the electron
This document describes research on the synthesis of anti-1,2-diols using aldehyde α-oxygenation followed by organometallic addition. Contrary to previous reports, the researchers found this method produces anti-diols, not syn-diols. They demonstrated the scope of the reaction using different organometallic reagents and applied it to synthesize stereoisomers of oxylipins from a plant, determining the stereochemistry of two natural products. The synthesis involved aldehyde α-oxygenation, organometallic addition, functional group manipulations and comparisons to natural products to assign stereochemistry.
Regioselective 1H-1,2,4 Triazole alkylationParth Shah
This document discusses regioselective approaches for alkylating 1H-1,2,4 triazole. It describes that 1H-1,2,4 triazole undergoes SN2 alkylation at the 1 position. The main challenges are obtaining single regioisomers and avoiding overalkylation. Weakly nucleophilic bases like DBU and using good leaving groups like tosylate improve regioselectivity and yield. Key methods include aminating the 4 position before alkylation or using DBU as the catalyst. Overall, DBU-catalyzed alkylation of 1H-1,2,4 triazole with tosylate as the living group provides high yields of the desired 1
Deciphering reaction mechanism with intermediate trappingDaniel Morton
This module provides an overview of a tool used to gain information on a reaction mechanism; reactive intermediate trapping.
A reactive intermediate is a short-lived, high-energy, highly reactive molecule. When generated in a chemical reaction, it will quickly convert into a more stable molecule. When their existence is indicated, reactive intermediates can help explain how a chemical reaction takes place.
Contributed by:
Shuangyu Ma & Yiling Bi (Undergraduate Students)
University of Utah
2014
This document summarizes the total synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glycero-L-gulo-heptitol hydrochloride (8), a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidases. The key steps involve homologation and amination of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (1) to form the protected amine 4. An intramolecular cyclization of 4 catalyzed by mercuric acetate formed the piperidine ring. Glycosylation of aglycon 6 with acetob
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of a symmetrical Schiff base ligand and nicotinamide with various metal ions. A new symmetrical Schiff base ligand was prepared via the condensation of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Mixed ligand complexes were synthesized using a 1:1:2 molar ratio of metal salt, Schiff base ligand, and nicotinamide. The complexes were characterized using various techniques such as elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The ligand and complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity against various bacteria. In general, the complexes showed enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the free ligands
- Elimination reactions occur by either an E1 or E2 mechanism. E1 is a one-step reaction involving a carbocation intermediate, while E2 is a concerted, single-step reaction.
- The E1 mechanism is favored by good leaving groups, stable carbocations, and weak bases. It is non-stereospecific and does not occur with primary alkyl halides. The E2 mechanism is favored by strong bases and polar aprotic solvents. It is stereospecific and proceeds through an anti-periplanar transition state.
- Key factors that determine the mechanism include the stability of carbocation intermediates, the strength of the leaving group and base, and steric
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base from Aromatic Amine and Aromati...ijtsrd
The synthesis of Schiff base From Aromatic Amine And Aromatic P Nitro benzaldehyde was performed by a novel method of stirring followed by the addition of p nitro benzaldehydeandm nitro aniline 0.02M . Characterization of the synthesized compounds, determination of purity and identity of the compounds using following spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques Solubility, Thin Layer Chromatographic studies, Ultra Violet studied rotational and vibrational studies FT IR studies. The compounds were investigated for their Antimicrobial activity by cup plate method. Compound1 nitro 4 1 imino,4 nitrophenyl benzene was found to be the most active according to pharmacological evaluation exhibited antimicrobial. Ms. Chetana D. Patil | Mr. Digamber N. Bhosale | Ms. Smita P. Bedis "Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base from Aromatic Amine and Aromatic P-Nitro Benzaldehyde" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26401.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/medicinal-chemistry/26401/synthesis-and-characterization-of-schiff-base-from-aromatic-amine-and-aromatic-p-nitro-benzaldehyde/ms-chetana-d-patil
The document summarizes recent advances in the direct C-H amination of aromatic and aliphatic compounds using rhodium catalysis. Key developments include the use of electron-neutral aryl azides as nitrogen sources without requiring strong electron-withdrawing groups, and evidence from kinetic isotope effect studies that the reaction proceeds through a stepwise mechanism involving rate-determining C-H bond cleavage. The reaction is diastereoselective for aliphatic substrates and allows efficient synthesis of substituted indolines.
The document discusses organic reactions and reaction mechanisms. It defines nucleophiles and electrophiles, and provides examples of each. It then summarizes several common types of organic reactions including addition reactions, substitution reactions, elimination reactions, and aromatic substitutions. The mechanisms and examples of nucleophilic addition, electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, and electrophilic aromatic substitutions like nitration, sulfonation, and halogenation are described in detail.
This document discusses addition reactions to carbon-carbon multiple bonds and carbon-heteroatom multiple bonds. It covers electrophilic, nucleophilic, and free radical addition to alkenes and alkynes. It also discusses addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, nitriles, imines, and sulfonyl chlorides. Reaction mechanisms, orientation, stereochemistry, and factors affecting reactivity are explained for various addition reactions. Important reactions like hydroboration, hydrohalogenation, hydration, oxidation, and reductions are also summarized.
This document reviews 3,4-dihydropyrimidines thione, their chemistry and pharmacological potentials. It begins with background on pyrimidine structures and properties. It then discusses the chemical properties of pyrimidines and derivatives, including electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. Biological importance is explained by pyrimidine's presence in nucleic acids, vitamins, and other biologically active compounds. Dihydropyrimidines are introduced as compounds obtained from cyclocondensation reactions. Several studies evaluating dihydropyrimidines as calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, antibacterials, antifungals, and antioxidants are summarized.
Organometallic Reactions and CatalysisRajat Ghalta
Organometallic compounds undergo a rich variety of reactions (oxidative addition, reductive elimination, cyclometalization, migratory insertion, carbonylation, hydrometallation hydrate elimination, etc ) that can sometimes be combined into useful homogeneous catalytic cycles. In this presentation, I have discussed organometallic reactions of particular importance for synthetic and catalytic processes like the oxo process (hydroformylation), heck coupling reaction, Wilkinson’s Catalyst
(Hydrogenation) etc.
Benzoquinone Ketene intermediate in the synthesis of poly 2-HBAMatt Hettinger
This document summarizes a research article that investigated the role of a benzoquinoneketene intermediate in the base-catalyzed polymerization of poly-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (poly-2-HBA). The researchers synthesized a dimer of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA) and showed that it polymerizes to poly-2-HBA with a base, implicating the ketoketene intermediate. A control dimer that cannot form the ketoketene did not polymerize. Additionally, secondary amines trapped the ketoketene as monomeric amides, further supporting it as an intermediate. The results indicate that ketoketene formation and reaction plays a
New Schiff base ligand (E)-6-(2-(4-
(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-
dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid = (HL) Figure(1) was prepared via condensation of
Ampicillin and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in methanol
.Polydentate mixed ligand complexes were obtained from 1:1:2
molar ratio reactions with metal ions and HL, 2NA on reaction
with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the
formulas [M(L)(NA)2Cl] ,where M =
Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II) and NA=nicotinamide.
The 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis
were used for the characterization of the ligand. The complexes
were structurally studied through AAS, FT-IR, UV-Vis,
chloride contents, conductance, and magnetic susceptibility
measurements. All complexes are non-electrolytes in DMSO
solution. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for each
of the complexes. The Schiff base ligands function as
tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for
coordination. In order to evaluate the effect of the bactericidal
activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the un
complexed Schiff base has been screened against bacterial
species, Staphy
This document describes a new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea). The method uses a new sodium borate-sodium sulfate run buffer at pH 9.2. It was found that the ratio of α- and β-ODAP isomers changes from 34.5/65.5 to 28.6/71.4 as the pH increases from 3.0 to 11.0. The method allows for the fast, simple, and sensitive determination of β-OD
Pyrazine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound derived from benzene by replacing two CH groups with nitrogen atoms. It occurs naturally in some compounds like pteridine, phenazine, and folic acid. Pyrazine is aromatic and weakly basic due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the second nitrogen atom. It undergoes electrophilic addition and substitution reactions at the nitrogen atoms as well as nucleophilic substitution. Some methods to synthesize pyrazine derivatives involve the reduction and oxidation of alpha-nitroso/nitro/azide ketones, condensation of alpha-diketones with diamines followed by oxidation, and epoxide ring opening with ethylenediam
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In a single sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design presentations.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
The document summarizes the Chan-Lam coupling reaction, which is a copper-catalyzed coupling between an aryl boronic acid and an alcohol or amine to form secondary aryl ethers or aryl amines. It provides the history of the reaction and compares it to related palladium-catalyzed reactions. The document then discusses the proposed mechanism and provides several applications of the Chan-Lam coupling reaction in synthesizing drug molecules, heteroarenes, aminoesters, and other compounds. In conclusion, the author discusses developing an improved Chan-Lam protocol using a novel copper catalyst that is simple, rapid, and produces products at room temperature in a short time.
Meulepas, 2010, Effect Of Methanogenic Substrates On Anaerobic Oxidation Of M...roelmeulepas
This document describes a study that tested six methanogenic substrates (acetate, formate, methanol, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanethiol) as potential interspecies electron carriers (IECs) in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction. The substrates were added to an enrichment culture containing archaea and bacteria involved in AOM and sulfate reduction. The presence of acetate, formate, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide enhanced sulfate reduction but did not inhibit AOM or trigger methanogenesis. Methanol did not enhance sulfate reduction or inhibit AOM. Methanethiol completely inhibited both AOM and sulfate reduction. Based on these results, the tested substrates could not solely support the electron
This document describes research on the synthesis of anti-1,2-diols using aldehyde α-oxygenation followed by organometallic addition. Contrary to previous reports, the researchers found this method produces anti-diols, not syn-diols. They demonstrated the scope of the reaction using different organometallic reagents and applied it to synthesize stereoisomers of oxylipins from a plant, determining the stereochemistry of two natural products. The synthesis involved aldehyde α-oxygenation, organometallic addition, functional group manipulations and comparisons to natural products to assign stereochemistry.
Regioselective 1H-1,2,4 Triazole alkylationParth Shah
This document discusses regioselective approaches for alkylating 1H-1,2,4 triazole. It describes that 1H-1,2,4 triazole undergoes SN2 alkylation at the 1 position. The main challenges are obtaining single regioisomers and avoiding overalkylation. Weakly nucleophilic bases like DBU and using good leaving groups like tosylate improve regioselectivity and yield. Key methods include aminating the 4 position before alkylation or using DBU as the catalyst. Overall, DBU-catalyzed alkylation of 1H-1,2,4 triazole with tosylate as the living group provides high yields of the desired 1
Deciphering reaction mechanism with intermediate trappingDaniel Morton
This module provides an overview of a tool used to gain information on a reaction mechanism; reactive intermediate trapping.
A reactive intermediate is a short-lived, high-energy, highly reactive molecule. When generated in a chemical reaction, it will quickly convert into a more stable molecule. When their existence is indicated, reactive intermediates can help explain how a chemical reaction takes place.
Contributed by:
Shuangyu Ma & Yiling Bi (Undergraduate Students)
University of Utah
2014
This document summarizes the total synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glycero-L-gulo-heptitol hydrochloride (8), a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidases. The key steps involve homologation and amination of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (1) to form the protected amine 4. An intramolecular cyclization of 4 catalyzed by mercuric acetate formed the piperidine ring. Glycosylation of aglycon 6 with acetob
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of a symmetrical Schiff base ligand and nicotinamide with various metal ions. A new symmetrical Schiff base ligand was prepared via the condensation of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Mixed ligand complexes were synthesized using a 1:1:2 molar ratio of metal salt, Schiff base ligand, and nicotinamide. The complexes were characterized using various techniques such as elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The ligand and complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity against various bacteria. In general, the complexes showed enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the free ligands
- Elimination reactions occur by either an E1 or E2 mechanism. E1 is a one-step reaction involving a carbocation intermediate, while E2 is a concerted, single-step reaction.
- The E1 mechanism is favored by good leaving groups, stable carbocations, and weak bases. It is non-stereospecific and does not occur with primary alkyl halides. The E2 mechanism is favored by strong bases and polar aprotic solvents. It is stereospecific and proceeds through an anti-periplanar transition state.
- Key factors that determine the mechanism include the stability of carbocation intermediates, the strength of the leaving group and base, and steric
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base from Aromatic Amine and Aromati...ijtsrd
The synthesis of Schiff base From Aromatic Amine And Aromatic P Nitro benzaldehyde was performed by a novel method of stirring followed by the addition of p nitro benzaldehydeandm nitro aniline 0.02M . Characterization of the synthesized compounds, determination of purity and identity of the compounds using following spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques Solubility, Thin Layer Chromatographic studies, Ultra Violet studied rotational and vibrational studies FT IR studies. The compounds were investigated for their Antimicrobial activity by cup plate method. Compound1 nitro 4 1 imino,4 nitrophenyl benzene was found to be the most active according to pharmacological evaluation exhibited antimicrobial. Ms. Chetana D. Patil | Mr. Digamber N. Bhosale | Ms. Smita P. Bedis "Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base from Aromatic Amine and Aromatic P-Nitro Benzaldehyde" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26401.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/medicinal-chemistry/26401/synthesis-and-characterization-of-schiff-base-from-aromatic-amine-and-aromatic-p-nitro-benzaldehyde/ms-chetana-d-patil
The document summarizes recent advances in the direct C-H amination of aromatic and aliphatic compounds using rhodium catalysis. Key developments include the use of electron-neutral aryl azides as nitrogen sources without requiring strong electron-withdrawing groups, and evidence from kinetic isotope effect studies that the reaction proceeds through a stepwise mechanism involving rate-determining C-H bond cleavage. The reaction is diastereoselective for aliphatic substrates and allows efficient synthesis of substituted indolines.
The document discusses organic reactions and reaction mechanisms. It defines nucleophiles and electrophiles, and provides examples of each. It then summarizes several common types of organic reactions including addition reactions, substitution reactions, elimination reactions, and aromatic substitutions. The mechanisms and examples of nucleophilic addition, electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, and electrophilic aromatic substitutions like nitration, sulfonation, and halogenation are described in detail.
This document discusses addition reactions to carbon-carbon multiple bonds and carbon-heteroatom multiple bonds. It covers electrophilic, nucleophilic, and free radical addition to alkenes and alkynes. It also discusses addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, nitriles, imines, and sulfonyl chlorides. Reaction mechanisms, orientation, stereochemistry, and factors affecting reactivity are explained for various addition reactions. Important reactions like hydroboration, hydrohalogenation, hydration, oxidation, and reductions are also summarized.
This document reviews 3,4-dihydropyrimidines thione, their chemistry and pharmacological potentials. It begins with background on pyrimidine structures and properties. It then discusses the chemical properties of pyrimidines and derivatives, including electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. Biological importance is explained by pyrimidine's presence in nucleic acids, vitamins, and other biologically active compounds. Dihydropyrimidines are introduced as compounds obtained from cyclocondensation reactions. Several studies evaluating dihydropyrimidines as calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, antibacterials, antifungals, and antioxidants are summarized.
Organometallic Reactions and CatalysisRajat Ghalta
Organometallic compounds undergo a rich variety of reactions (oxidative addition, reductive elimination, cyclometalization, migratory insertion, carbonylation, hydrometallation hydrate elimination, etc ) that can sometimes be combined into useful homogeneous catalytic cycles. In this presentation, I have discussed organometallic reactions of particular importance for synthetic and catalytic processes like the oxo process (hydroformylation), heck coupling reaction, Wilkinson’s Catalyst
(Hydrogenation) etc.
Benzoquinone Ketene intermediate in the synthesis of poly 2-HBAMatt Hettinger
This document summarizes a research article that investigated the role of a benzoquinoneketene intermediate in the base-catalyzed polymerization of poly-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (poly-2-HBA). The researchers synthesized a dimer of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA) and showed that it polymerizes to poly-2-HBA with a base, implicating the ketoketene intermediate. A control dimer that cannot form the ketoketene did not polymerize. Additionally, secondary amines trapped the ketoketene as monomeric amides, further supporting it as an intermediate. The results indicate that ketoketene formation and reaction plays a
New Schiff base ligand (E)-6-(2-(4-
(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-
dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid = (HL) Figure(1) was prepared via condensation of
Ampicillin and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in methanol
.Polydentate mixed ligand complexes were obtained from 1:1:2
molar ratio reactions with metal ions and HL, 2NA on reaction
with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the
formulas [M(L)(NA)2Cl] ,where M =
Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II) and NA=nicotinamide.
The 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis
were used for the characterization of the ligand. The complexes
were structurally studied through AAS, FT-IR, UV-Vis,
chloride contents, conductance, and magnetic susceptibility
measurements. All complexes are non-electrolytes in DMSO
solution. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for each
of the complexes. The Schiff base ligands function as
tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for
coordination. In order to evaluate the effect of the bactericidal
activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the un
complexed Schiff base has been screened against bacterial
species, Staphy
This document describes a new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea). The method uses a new sodium borate-sodium sulfate run buffer at pH 9.2. It was found that the ratio of α- and β-ODAP isomers changes from 34.5/65.5 to 28.6/71.4 as the pH increases from 3.0 to 11.0. The method allows for the fast, simple, and sensitive determination of β-OD
Pyrazine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound derived from benzene by replacing two CH groups with nitrogen atoms. It occurs naturally in some compounds like pteridine, phenazine, and folic acid. Pyrazine is aromatic and weakly basic due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the second nitrogen atom. It undergoes electrophilic addition and substitution reactions at the nitrogen atoms as well as nucleophilic substitution. Some methods to synthesize pyrazine derivatives involve the reduction and oxidation of alpha-nitroso/nitro/azide ketones, condensation of alpha-diketones with diamines followed by oxidation, and epoxide ring opening with ethylenediam
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In a single sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design presentations.
Prezentacja na temat wspólnych działań realizowanych przez B.J. Centre i Fundację Ai.
http://fundacja-ai.pl
http://facebook.com/fundacjaai
http://bjcentre.pl
http://facebook.com/bjcentre
The City of Lakes AmeriCorps program places members in Minneapolis middle schools to provide academic support to English language learners through tutoring, supplemental after school programs, and involvement of parents. Members implement research-based curriculum and are integrated into the classroom under the guidance of teachers. The experience provides hands-on training for future careers in education while helping long-term English learners improve their academic outcomes. Many alumni have gone on to work in education, with over 40% employed in schools and one-third staying in Minneapolis Public Schools after their service.
This document provides an overview of a 5-day training course on electrical power generating systems. The course covers topics such as transfer switch operation, paralleling procedures, generator theory, prime movers, and troubleshooting. Upon completing the course, participants will be proficient in maintenance and repair of power generating systems. The training is designed for senior electricians and aims to consolidate workforce skills to decrease equipment downtime. The instructor is a certified power generation technician with decades of training experience.
- The document analyzes baseball statistics from the 2014 season to determine which stats correlate most strongly with wins and playoff appearances.
- T-tests were conducted comparing various stats like WAR, OPS, payroll, and ERA between playoff and non-playoff teams. WAR, OPS, and ERA were found to have statistically significant differences between the two groups, while payroll was not significant.
- Using the average wins of playoff teams in 2014, a regression model was created to predict playoff appearances based on the best performing stats from the dataset while meeting regression assumptions.
The Middle Ages spanned from 476 to 1400 AD. During this time, society was conservative and oriented towards the Roman Catholic Church, which was the primary patron of art, education, and culture. Music was cultivated primarily by the church, with composers being churchmen and musicians receiving their training as choirboys. Music was not notated but learned by ear, and was intended to create spiritual moods. Exceptions included troubadours, wandering musician entertainers. The church preserved culture during the Medieval Period's harsh conditions and threats. Musical notation began in this era, with Gregorian chant invented around 500 AD and polyphony developing by the end of the Middle Ages.
For ELLs to succeed, ESL teachers must wear three hats. They must provide systematic English language development, content support, and be advocates and experts. This session will explore all three roles, offering practical tips and resources for each.
Dokumen ini membahas pengenalan PowerPoint 2007 dan fungsinya dalam presentasi menggunakan media. PowerPoint 2007 memiliki kelebihan seperti pengaturan animasi dan teks yang mudah, dapat mencetak dalam berbagai format, dan tampilan interface yang menarik. Presentasi menggunakan media memberikan kemudahan dalam menyampaikan informasi secara interaktif dan tidak monoton serta tidak terlalu menguras tenaga.
Nuove competenze digitali: come e perché svilupparleRegioneLazio
La presentazione di Andrea Taurchini, Coderdojo Viterbo sul tema delle nuove competenze digitali, in occasione del DataLab Viterbo, appuntamento territoriale del progetto Open Data Lazio.
Here is a 500-word essay on the importance of public opinion and how it can be recognized in cultural life:
Public opinion plays an important role in any democratic society. It represents the collective voice of the people and influences political decisions, cultural trends, and social norms. Understanding public opinion allows leaders and decision-makers to be more responsive to the needs and desires of citizens. It also gives citizens a sense that their views matter and can shape the direction of their community.
In Montenegro, there are several ways we can recognize the influence of public opinion on cultural life. One is through the popularity of certain cultural events, activities, or art forms. When something resonates widely with people's interests and values, it often gains broader acceptance
Author : Lou Rosenfeld
You may have spent the early years of your UX career fighting off a bad case of impostor syndrome. Well, bad news: as your career advances, there's a good chance that it'll return. That's because your day-to-day work diet will increasingly forgo the red meat of research and design for a dog's breakfast of odd tasks and miscellaneous activities that you'd never imagined existed.
Lou Rosenfeld, who's been around a while and has done some things, feels this pain. He's not sure if what he does is UX. That's his problem. But there's a very good chance that, should you live long enough, Lord willing, it will be yours some day too. Join Lou for a look at what it means—or could mean—to "practice UX" at the far edges of your career and in strange settings that a little time at General Assembly or in grad school don't prepare you for.
This document summarizes PGW's EnergySense portfolio of energy efficiency programs for residential, commercial, and low-income customers. It describes trends seen in the CRP Home Comfort program including characteristics of low-income housing stock that present challenges to saving energy. Quality assurance efforts focus on training contractors to identify missed savings opportunities. EnergySense offers rebates and grants to make efficient equipment more affordable and fund whole-building commercial and residential projects.
The document provides a summary of Milton Dillard's resume. It outlines his contact information, work experience including roles as a Self-Inspection Program Manager and Senior Coordinator in the US Air Force from 1998-2014, education including a BA in Business Administration and AA in Aviation Maintenance Technology, and references. His work experience includes overseeing inspection programs and maintenance operations for aircraft. He is seeking permanent, temporary or pathways jobs in the Washington DC, Arlington or Alexandria areas.
This short document contains 5 photo credits from various photographers and suggests that the reader can be inspired to create their own presentation on SlideShare using Haiku Deck. It ends by providing a link to get started making a Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
Archana Jayakumar is seeking a position where she can utilize her academic and technical skills to contribute to organizational growth. She holds a B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Kerala University with a 6.71 CGPA. Her academic projects include an automatic border security system and a cell phone-based garage door opening system. She has technical skills in C, C++, MATLAB, and Microsoft Office. Archana completed an industrial training in long distance communication and has participated in cultural programs and visits to ISRO and a radio station.
This document provides information on several popular music magazines, including Billboard, We <3 Pop, NME, and MOJO. It lists their target audiences, publishers, circulation numbers, and brief descriptions. For example, it notes that Billboard is the world's premier music publication that began in 1894 focused on billposting and advertising, NME targets males aged 23 and is published weekly, and We <3 Pop is aimed at teenage girls and includes free gifts in issues.
This document describes research into direct aldol reactions mediated by dimethylzinc. Three aromatic aldol products were synthesized and their NMR data reported. Racemic aldol products were produced using either dialkylzinc/dialcohol or magnesium bromide/DIPEA. Successful asymmetric and autocatalytic aldol reactions were also achieved using chiral catalysts. The products of some aldol reactions were found to facilitate their own formation and the reaction between other substrates, demonstrating autocatalytic properties. Further study of this autocatalytic process is warranted.
The document summarizes a study that used a palladium catalyst to synthesize benzofuran through a Sonogashira coupling reaction between 5-iodovanillin and 3-methyl-3-butyne-2-ol. The reaction was carried out using various amounts of palladium acetate, triphenylphosphine, and solvent. NMR spectroscopy showed the product formed, though it was impure likely due to side reactions promoted by the copper co-catalyst. While the reaction showed good atom economy, the yields were relatively low at 7.45% maximum. Further optimization is needed to improve purity and yields.
Carbon–Sulfur Bond Formation of Challenging Substrates at Low Temperature by ...DrMAdamSayah
Pd-PEPPSI-IPent catalyst allows for sulfination reactions of challenging substrates to occur at low temperatures. Reactions proceed smoothly at 40°C for a variety of aryl and heteroaryl halides with aryl, alkyl, and silyl sulfides. The catalyst shows unprecedented reactivity, performing couplings not previously achieved, such as with strongly deactivated substrates. Reactions are also found to occur rapidly at room temperature.
Chemical modification of lignocellulosic materials by irradiation with Nd-YAG...NabilMabrouk6
1) Nd-YAG laser pulses were used to irradiate samples of lignin, microcrystalline cellulose, and filter paper. Lignin experienced substantial weight loss and degradation upon irradiation, while cellulose samples were unaffected.
2) Irradiation reduced the molecular weight and narrowed the molecular weight distribution of lignin. Smaller lignin fragments with increased phenolic hydroxyl content were produced.
3) Laser treatment provided a simple way to modify lignin properties without using chemical reagents. This technique could allow production of lignin samples with uniform characteristics.
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on polyaniline
support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols to the corresponding
carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as oxidant and isobutyraldehyde
as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found to be truly heterogeneous in nature and
could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling runs without loss of catalytic activity
Immobilization of Glucose oxidase on PANI-2 Amino Pyridine composite film by ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Carbon−Heteroatom Coupling Using Pd-PEPPSI Complexes (1)DrMAdamSayah
This document summarizes recent advances in using Pd-PEPPSI complexes as catalysts for aryl amination and aryl sulfination reactions. Pd-PEPPSI-IPent was found to be an effective catalyst for aryl sulfinations, enabling the reactions to proceed at 40°C. Further modifications to the pyridine and NHC ligands lowered the activation temperature of the precatalyst to as low as 40°C, allowing the aryl sulfinations to be carried out under very mild conditions. The improved steric environment around Pd is believed to facilitate the initial reductive elimination step needed to generate active Pd(0) and enter the catalytic cycle.
Synthesis of 1,5 Benzodiazepines A ReviewYogeshIJTSRD
Benzodiazepines are bicyclic heterocycles having medicinal importance. As a result several greener procedures have been developed using mild conditions and recyclable catalysts, easy work up good yields, multi component reactions less wastage and solvent less synthesis. Deepali Mahajan | Abhishek Raina "Synthesis of 1,5- Benzodiazepines: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43842.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/43842/synthesis-of-15-benzodiazepines-a-review/deepali-mahajan
This document summarizes a palladium-catalyzed method for fluorinating arylboronic acid derivatives. Key points:
- A Pd(II) complex is used as a precatalyst to catalyze the fluorination of various aryl trifluoroborates and other arylboron reagents.
- The reaction proceeds through a single-electron transfer pathway involving an isolated and characterized Pd(III) intermediate.
- A wide variety of functional groups are tolerated and the aryl fluoride products are obtained in good yields and purity.
- The reaction is operationally simple and scalable to the multigram level, providing a practical method for synthesizing aryl fluorides.
The Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction forms carbon-carbon bonds between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide using a palladium catalyst. It was developed in 1975 and offers milder conditions than previous coupling reactions, such as room temperature. The reaction employs both a palladium and copper catalyst, with the copper activating the alkyne. It has become a highly useful reaction for carbon-carbon bond formation and has applications in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and organic materials synthesis.
The Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction forms carbon-carbon bonds between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide using a palladium catalyst. It was developed in 1975 and offers milder conditions than previous coupling reactions, such as room temperature. The reaction employs both a palladium and copper catalyst, with the copper activating the alkyne. It has become a highly useful reaction for carbon-carbon bond formation and has applications in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and organic materials synthesis.
Ionic Liquids Modify the Performance of Carbon Based Potentiometric SensorsFatemeh Sedaghatpour
This document describes a study that tested the performance of potentiometric sensors constructed with carbon ionic liquid electrodes (CILEs) compared to traditional carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). Two ionic liquids, N-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, were used as binders in CILEs. The results showed that CILE-based sensors exhibited improved Nernstian slope, selectivity, response time, and response stability compared to CPE-based sensors. Specifically, a CILE containing 30% N-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate and 70% graphite
Modifying of li ni0.8co0.2o2 cathode material by chemical vapor deposition co...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes research on modifying the cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 by depositing thin ceramic oxide coatings via chemical vapor deposition to improve its thermal stability. Al2O3 and ZnO coatings were deposited. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the Al2O3 coating did not significantly change the material's structure, while the ZnO coating resulted in a new phase, likely a nickel-zinc compound. Electrochemical testing found the Al2O3-coated material had lower specific capacity in the first cycle but better capacity retention over subsequent cycles compared to the uncoated material. Differential scanning calorimetry also showed the Al2O3 coating reduced the exothermic reaction
Computational and Experimental Studies of MTO Catalyzed Olefin HydrogenationKaram Idrees
The poster that I presented at the 253rd American Chemical Society National Meeting and Exposition in San Francisco,
CA. It highlights some of my REU research at North Carolina State University under the mentorship of Dr. Elon Ison.
Lead isotope determinations by mass spectrometry and its application by isoto...Alexander Decker
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) were used to determine the lead isotope ratios in samples. TIMS involves heating lead samples until they ionize and are detected by a mass spectrometer. IDMS uses a sample of known isotope composition mixed with an unknown sample. This allows for accurate determination of concentrations. The document describes the application of these methods to characterize reference materials and environmental samples. Lead isotope ratios were measured in NBS standard samples using TIMS to validate the method. IDMS equations are also presented for quantitative analysis of unknown samples.
This document discusses the role of dehydration catalyst acid properties on one-step DME synthesis using physical mixtures. It summarizes the results of experiments testing various solid acid catalysts for methanol dehydration and one-step DME synthesis from syngas. The main findings are:
1) Catalyst acidity, determined by pyridine adsorption IR spectroscopy, affected activity for methanol dehydration, with stronger acid sites correlating to higher rates.
2) In one-step DME synthesis, addition of an acid catalyst to the methanol synthesis catalyst strongly increased CO conversion.
3) The determining rate of direct DME synthesis appears to be controlled by the acid properties, specifically the strength
This lab report summarizes a Diels-Alder reaction experiment where a diene and dienophile were reacted to produce a cycloaddition product. The product was analyzed using melting point determination, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. A low yield of 17.34% was obtained, which could be due to impurities as indicated by the wide melting point range of the product. The IR spectrum confirmed the presence of structural units expected in the product. While NMR analysis was unsuccessful, the evidence suggests the desired Diels-Alder reaction occurred between the diene and dienophile.
This document reports the first example of polycondensation through a free radical chain process. Bisallenes react with dithiols under typical radical conditions to form polyaddition products via selective central carbon-sulfur bond formation.
Radical addition reactions of thiophenol to chloroallene were examined as model reactions. Polymerization of chloroallene and aromatic dithiols through photoinitiated free radical reactions produced polycondensation products consisting of 1,2-dithiopropene units.
Kinetic studies provided evidence that this type of polymerization proceeds through a free radical chain mechanism, establishing the first example of "radical
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.