Powerpoint 3 a
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•368 views
The Middle Ages spanned from 476 to 1400 AD. During this time, society was conservative and oriented towards the Roman Catholic Church, which was the primary patron of art, education, and culture. Music was cultivated primarily by the church, with composers being churchmen and musicians receiving their training as choirboys. Music was not notated but learned by ear, and was intended to create spiritual moods. Exceptions included troubadours, wandering musician entertainers. The church preserved culture during the Medieval Period's harsh conditions and threats. Musical notation began in this era, with Gregorian chant invented around 500 AD and polyphony developing by the end of the Middle Ages.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
15 korea introduction
South and North Korea were historically one nation that was divided after World War II along the 38th parallel. The division split families and established South Korea as aligned with the US and its capitalist system, while North Korea aligned with the Soviet Union and adopted communism. The Korean language and ethnic identity are shared between the two countries, though their governments, economic systems, and relationship to one another have been strongly divided since the Korean War in the 1950s.
11.1 the byzantine empire
The document discusses the Byzantine Empire from 395 AD to 1453 AD. It describes how the empire grew under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, reconquering territory in the western Mediterranean. However, the empire then faced attacks from various invaders and diseases like the Plague of Justinian, gradually losing territory. The Byzantines developed strong military and naval capabilities, innovative weapons like Greek fire, and preserved Greco-Roman culture through art, architecture, and law codes. But the empire continued shrinking and eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
Asia
During the Tang Dynasty in China, surrounding Asian countries acknowledged China's supremacy by sending tributes. Chang'an, now known as Xi'an, served as the capital of both the Han and Tang dynasties. Empress Wu became the first female ruler of China. Foot binding became common during the Song Dynasty to keep women's feet small. Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes and established the largest contiguous empire in world history. Ivan III expanded Russian territory after the decline of Mongol rule and declared himself Czar.
End of the Classical Era
I. The document discusses upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia including the decline of the Han dynasty in China and the Gupta dynasty in India.
II. It also covers the decline and fall of the Roman Empire from the 2nd century CE due to challenges such as declining population and tax revenues.
III. The development and spread of major world religions such as Christianity and Buddhism are examined. Christianity gained prominence in the Roman Empire after Constantine's conversion in the 4th century CE.
Powerpoint 3 c
The Renaissance was a period of rediscovery and rebirth of classical art, knowledge, and values that began in the 14th century. This led to an explosion of creativity, learning, and reform across Europe as advancements like the printing press spread new ideas. Music shifted from being centered around the Catholic Church to also being performed for royal courts and private patrons. Composers gained more prestige and independence during this time as prominent musical centers emerged in Italy, Germany, England, and Spain.
Judge ch04 lecture
This chapter summarizes the origins and rise of the early Chinese empire from its beginnings until 220 CE. It discusses the geographic diversity of China, the early Xia and Shang societies, the decentralized Zhou dynasty, and the unifying but short-lived Qin dynasty that established the first centralized empire in China. The chapter then focuses on the long-lasting Han dynasty that expanded the empire through military conquests while establishing a stable Confucian bureaucracy, and describes Han society, technology, and the development of the Silk Road connecting China to Central Asia and beyond.
The classical period in ap world history
The document discusses the Classical period in world history, which ran from around 1000/800 BCE to 500/600 CE. Some key developments during this period included the formation and expansion of major civilizations like China, India, Persia, and the Mediterranean. These classical civilizations established population centers with tens of millions of people, utilized iron technology, and had more contacts with each other than earlier river valley societies through entities like the Phoenicians. The classical period thus saw the emergence of larger, more interconnected civilizations that built upon earlier achievements.
2 notes china
The document summarizes key aspects of early Chinese history from the Shang Dynasty to later dynasties like Tang and Song. It discusses major rivers in China, factors that led to China's isolation, achievements under the Shang including writing and metal casting, the development of feudalism and philosophies under the Zhou and Warring States periods, the unification of China under Qin Shi Huangdi, and the golden age under the Han who expanded the empire and established the Silk Road for trade.
Recommended
15 korea introduction
South and North Korea were historically one nation that was divided after World War II along the 38th parallel. The division split families and established South Korea as aligned with the US and its capitalist system, while North Korea aligned with the Soviet Union and adopted communism. The Korean language and ethnic identity are shared between the two countries, though their governments, economic systems, and relationship to one another have been strongly divided since the Korean War in the 1950s.
11.1 the byzantine empire
The document discusses the Byzantine Empire from 395 AD to 1453 AD. It describes how the empire grew under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, reconquering territory in the western Mediterranean. However, the empire then faced attacks from various invaders and diseases like the Plague of Justinian, gradually losing territory. The Byzantines developed strong military and naval capabilities, innovative weapons like Greek fire, and preserved Greco-Roman culture through art, architecture, and law codes. But the empire continued shrinking and eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
Asia
During the Tang Dynasty in China, surrounding Asian countries acknowledged China's supremacy by sending tributes. Chang'an, now known as Xi'an, served as the capital of both the Han and Tang dynasties. Empress Wu became the first female ruler of China. Foot binding became common during the Song Dynasty to keep women's feet small. Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes and established the largest contiguous empire in world history. Ivan III expanded Russian territory after the decline of Mongol rule and declared himself Czar.
End of the Classical Era
I. The document discusses upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia including the decline of the Han dynasty in China and the Gupta dynasty in India.
II. It also covers the decline and fall of the Roman Empire from the 2nd century CE due to challenges such as declining population and tax revenues.
III. The development and spread of major world religions such as Christianity and Buddhism are examined. Christianity gained prominence in the Roman Empire after Constantine's conversion in the 4th century CE.
Powerpoint 3 c
The Renaissance was a period of rediscovery and rebirth of classical art, knowledge, and values that began in the 14th century. This led to an explosion of creativity, learning, and reform across Europe as advancements like the printing press spread new ideas. Music shifted from being centered around the Catholic Church to also being performed for royal courts and private patrons. Composers gained more prestige and independence during this time as prominent musical centers emerged in Italy, Germany, England, and Spain.
Judge ch04 lecture
This chapter summarizes the origins and rise of the early Chinese empire from its beginnings until 220 CE. It discusses the geographic diversity of China, the early Xia and Shang societies, the decentralized Zhou dynasty, and the unifying but short-lived Qin dynasty that established the first centralized empire in China. The chapter then focuses on the long-lasting Han dynasty that expanded the empire through military conquests while establishing a stable Confucian bureaucracy, and describes Han society, technology, and the development of the Silk Road connecting China to Central Asia and beyond.
The classical period in ap world history
The document discusses the Classical period in world history, which ran from around 1000/800 BCE to 500/600 CE. Some key developments during this period included the formation and expansion of major civilizations like China, India, Persia, and the Mediterranean. These classical civilizations established population centers with tens of millions of people, utilized iron technology, and had more contacts with each other than earlier river valley societies through entities like the Phoenicians. The classical period thus saw the emergence of larger, more interconnected civilizations that built upon earlier achievements.
2 notes china
The document summarizes key aspects of early Chinese history from the Shang Dynasty to later dynasties like Tang and Song. It discusses major rivers in China, factors that led to China's isolation, achievements under the Shang including writing and metal casting, the development of feudalism and philosophies under the Zhou and Warring States periods, the unification of China under Qin Shi Huangdi, and the golden age under the Han who expanded the empire and established the Silk Road for trade.
Chapter 11
The document provides an overview of the interactions between the Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish empires from 500 to 1500 AD. It discusses the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople, the emergence of Russian culture from a blending of Slavic and Byzantine influences, and the establishment of Turkish empires in Anatolia after the decline of the Abbasids. Key events covered include the rule of Justinian and the codification of Byzantine law, the conversion of Kievan Rus to Orthodox Christianity, the Mongol invasions of Russia, and the Seljuks' conquests from the Byzantines and conflicts with the Crusaders and Mongols.
Cath church
The Catholic Church maintained power in medieval Europe through:
1) Political alliances with powerful rulers and intimidation of commoners with their wealth.
2) Owning one-third of European land and prohibiting clergy from marrying to prevent the inheritance of their lands.
3) Threatening excommunication for those who disobeyed Church teachings and collecting a tithe (10% tax) from members.
6th Grade World History iLeap Review 3
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about history, geography, and civics topics and the corresponding answers. The questions cover topics such as important historical figures, geographic features, early civilizations, forms of government, and more.
9. Civilization in Eastern Europe
The document discusses the history and spread of civilization in Eastern Europe from the Byzantine Empire through the emergence of Kievan Rus. It details the origins and achievements of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian, including reconquests in Italy, building projects like Hagia Sophia, and legal codification. It then covers the influence of the Byzantine Empire and spread of Orthodox Christianity among Slavic peoples through missionaries like Cyril and Methodius. Finally, it summarizes the rise of Kievan Rus centered around Kiev, its conversion to Orthodox Christianity under Vladimir I, and cultural influences from Byzantium before its decline due to succession struggles and invasion by Asian conquerors like the Mongols.
2.0 feudalism life before the nation state
Nationalism is defined as a strong feeling of loyalty or devotion to an ethnic nation based on shared language, culture, and history, or to a civic nation based on shared beliefs and values regardless of ethnicity. There are two types of nationalism - ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Before the age of nationalism, people identified themselves based on their family, religion, feudal lord or king rather than as members of a nation.
7cd the religion and culture of the byzantine empire
This document provides a 5 question quiz about the Byzantine Empire during the rule of Justinian. It asks about why Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the definition of a frontier, what is meant by the "seat" of an empire, how Justinian simplified Roman law, and how Justinian expanded the Byzantine Empire. The document then provides the answers to each question, explaining that Constantinople provided more protection and was in a better economic/political position, a frontier is unsettled land, the seat is where the government is located, Justinian codified the 12 Tables of Roman law, and he reconquered lost territories to expand the Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern EuropeChapter 9
The document summarizes information about the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Europe. It describes how the Byzantine Empire flourished under Justinian but later lost territory. It then discusses the rise of Russia and how Kiev became the center of power before being weakened by the Mongol invasion. Finally, it outlines how migration contributed to diversity in Eastern Europe and discusses the spread of religions and powers like Poland, Hungary, and Serbia in the region.
Russia Notes
Russia's location provided both challenges and opportunities for its development. Its vast forests and rivers enabled trade but also made the country vulnerable to invasion. Kiev emerged as a center of trade but was later destroyed during the Mongol conquest, which had widespread negative effects but also stimulated Moscow's growth. Eventually Russia emerged as an independent state under the leadership of Ivan the Great.
6. The First Global Civilization
The document provides an overview of the history of the Arabian Peninsula before and during the rise of Islam in four sections: 1) Pre-Islamic Arabian society was tribal and nomadic or urban, centered around Mecca. 2) Muhammad received revelations in 610 CE and established Islam, fleeing to Medina in 622. 3) The Umayyad caliphate expanded the Islamic empire across North Africa and Spain but faced internal disputes. 4) The Abbasids defeated the Umayyads in 750 and established Baghdad as the new capital, promoting Islamic learning while repressing Shi'a influence.
Ptm 1.13 ancient china
Ancient China was geographically isolated by natural barriers like deserts, mountains, and large bodies of water. This isolation influenced China's development, posing environmental challenges and limiting outside invasions. Early dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BC and 1700 BC respectively, implementing irrigation projects and building walled cities for protection and governance. Chinese culture was centered around the family, with a social hierarchy divided between nobles and peasants. Religion involved ancestor worship and consulting gods through oracle bones. Writing also developed but had many symbols, limiting literacy.
China Presentation
China has the world's largest population with over 1.3 billion people, representing 20% of the global population. It has one of the oldest civilizations and will become the fourth largest economy in the world within three years. China experiences diverse climate ranging from tropical to subarctic and has faced challenges such as pollution, dynastic cycles, and political movements like the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square protests.
Chinese civilization
Early Chinese civilization originated around 4000 BCE in the Yellow River valley, where some of the earliest forms of agriculture developed. Over time, civilization expanded along China's major river systems, including the Yangtze River. During the Shang Dynasty from around 1700-1050 BCE, Chinese civilization advanced with developments in bronze metallurgy, the earliest forms of writing in the form of oracle bones, and a new social hierarchy. The subsequent Zhou Dynasty built upon these foundations and established feudalism as a new political system from 1050-256 BCE.
Ancient China
- Ancient Chinese civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Yellow River and Yangtze River, which deposited rich soil for agriculture. The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1600 BC to 1100 BC and was the first Chinese dynasty to be confirmed by historical records. Religion influenced Shang culture through rituals for ancestors, oracle bones connected to early writing, and bronzework. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang around 1100 BC and introduced new concepts like the Mandate of Heaven to justify dynastic changes. Population and agriculture grew under the Zhou while new philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism emerged during the later Zhou period.
China Geography
The Shang Dynasty ruled over ancient China from around 1523 BCE to 1028 BCE. They established their capital at Anyang, where kings were surrounded by courts and performed rituals to strengthen the kingdom. The Shang were largely an agricultural society led by a strong monarchy and army. They left behind artifacts including oracle bones, early examples of Chinese writing, that provided answers to questions through cracks interpreted by priests. The Shang declined after 600 years of rule due to difficulties governing a growing population, leading to their overthrow by the Zhou Dynasty in around 1100 BCE.
The World of the 15th Century Part 4
The Aztec Empire was established in 1325 in Mexico, growing to a population of 5-6 million people ruled from their capital of Tenochtitlan, a large island city connected to the mainland by causeways. They conquered neighboring peoples and extracted tribute, developing an advanced urban civilization with extensive agriculture, trade networks, and an economy that supported large populations and significant public works projects. However, they engaged in frequent human sacrifice of war captives to appease the gods. In contrast, the Inca Empire spanned a vast Andean region, assimilating conquered peoples through relocation, education in the Quechua language, and obligations to the state instead of tribute, with an emphasis on centralized bureaucratic control rather than war
Shang China Culture
The Shang Dynasty emerged in China between 1532-1027 BC. They were the first documented Chinese dynasty and established their main capital at Anyang. Cities were protected by earthen walls and consisted of mostly wooden structures and homes. Society was sharply divided into social classes ruled by a warrior king. The king's authority was believed to come from heaven through the Mandate of Heaven, and dynasties would rise and fall in a dynastic cycle. Writing first developed through oracle bones where priests would interpret cracks made by heat on bones or shells that kings used to consult with gods.
Powerpoint Byzantine Empire
The document discusses the spread of Christianity from the Byzantine Empire to Russia and the influence of Byzantine culture. It then outlines the history of Russia, including its defeat of the Mongols and growth of Moscow as the capital under Ivan the Great. Ivan the Terrible further centralized power, limiting the nobility and forcing serfs to remain on lands, using violent force against revolts.
An overview of Chinese history
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2100 BC to the present day. It discusses the early dynasties including the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It then covers the imperial periods including the Qin dynasty which first unified China, and the Han dynasty which saw the first golden age. Subsequent sections summarize the periods of disunity like the Three Kingdoms period, as well as important dynasties like the Sui and Tang dynasties when China was again united and culturally prosperous. The document touches on many influential figures, political and philosophical developments, and cultural achievements over Chinese civilization.
Greek experience mc kaych5
1. The document provides an overview of ancient Greek history from 3500 BCE to 100 BCE, covering major periods and developments.
2. It describes the rise and fall of early Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations on Crete and the mainland, followed by the emergence of city-states and the polis system.
3. The height of Greek classical culture is examined, including the conflicts with Persia, growth of Athenian democracy and arts, and flourishing of philosophy with thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Mckayworld9ch7 eastasia
1. Under the Qin and Han dynasties in China, society became more unified and standardized as the empires expanded their control over neighboring cultures like Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
2. Buddhism spread from India through Central Asia to China in the 1st-3rd centuries CE, appealing to Chinese with its inclusive philosophy and monasteries becoming important social institutions.
3. The Tang dynasty (618-907 CE) reunified China and saw a cultural golden age with foreign influences, poetry, and Buddhism integrating into people's lives as the East Asian cultural sphere grew closer connected through shared Chinese cultural traditions.
Prelude 2 Music as Commodity and Social Activity
This document contains lecture slides about music from the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. It provides an overview of the time periods from 476 CE to around 1400 CE, including important events and developments. It discusses the role of the Catholic church and Gregorian chant, the rise of cities and trade, as well as secular music at royal courts and by traveling minstrels. Musicians found employment supported by public and aristocratic institutions, and the merchant class emerged as new patrons of music.
Prelude 2 - Enjoyment of Music, 3rd Essential Listening Edition
This document provides an overview of Western music history from ancient times through the Renaissance period. It discusses the development of music in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It then summarizes the Middle Ages, noting the fall of Rome in 476 CE as the beginning of this period, which saw the rise of the Catholic Church and Gregorian chant. The document also describes the emergence of cities, universities, and cathedrals in the later Middle Ages, as well as the roles of markets, courts, and traveling minstrels in secular music. Finally, it discusses the various social roles and classes of musicians during the Medieval and Renaissance eras.
More Related Content
What's hot
Chapter 11
The document provides an overview of the interactions between the Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish empires from 500 to 1500 AD. It discusses the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople, the emergence of Russian culture from a blending of Slavic and Byzantine influences, and the establishment of Turkish empires in Anatolia after the decline of the Abbasids. Key events covered include the rule of Justinian and the codification of Byzantine law, the conversion of Kievan Rus to Orthodox Christianity, the Mongol invasions of Russia, and the Seljuks' conquests from the Byzantines and conflicts with the Crusaders and Mongols.
Cath church
The Catholic Church maintained power in medieval Europe through:
1) Political alliances with powerful rulers and intimidation of commoners with their wealth.
2) Owning one-third of European land and prohibiting clergy from marrying to prevent the inheritance of their lands.
3) Threatening excommunication for those who disobeyed Church teachings and collecting a tithe (10% tax) from members.
6th Grade World History iLeap Review 3
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about history, geography, and civics topics and the corresponding answers. The questions cover topics such as important historical figures, geographic features, early civilizations, forms of government, and more.
9. Civilization in Eastern Europe
The document discusses the history and spread of civilization in Eastern Europe from the Byzantine Empire through the emergence of Kievan Rus. It details the origins and achievements of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian, including reconquests in Italy, building projects like Hagia Sophia, and legal codification. It then covers the influence of the Byzantine Empire and spread of Orthodox Christianity among Slavic peoples through missionaries like Cyril and Methodius. Finally, it summarizes the rise of Kievan Rus centered around Kiev, its conversion to Orthodox Christianity under Vladimir I, and cultural influences from Byzantium before its decline due to succession struggles and invasion by Asian conquerors like the Mongols.
2.0 feudalism life before the nation state
Nationalism is defined as a strong feeling of loyalty or devotion to an ethnic nation based on shared language, culture, and history, or to a civic nation based on shared beliefs and values regardless of ethnicity. There are two types of nationalism - ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Before the age of nationalism, people identified themselves based on their family, religion, feudal lord or king rather than as members of a nation.
7cd the religion and culture of the byzantine empire
This document provides a 5 question quiz about the Byzantine Empire during the rule of Justinian. It asks about why Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the definition of a frontier, what is meant by the "seat" of an empire, how Justinian simplified Roman law, and how Justinian expanded the Byzantine Empire. The document then provides the answers to each question, explaining that Constantinople provided more protection and was in a better economic/political position, a frontier is unsettled land, the seat is where the government is located, Justinian codified the 12 Tables of Roman law, and he reconquered lost territories to expand the Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern EuropeChapter 9
The document summarizes information about the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Europe. It describes how the Byzantine Empire flourished under Justinian but later lost territory. It then discusses the rise of Russia and how Kiev became the center of power before being weakened by the Mongol invasion. Finally, it outlines how migration contributed to diversity in Eastern Europe and discusses the spread of religions and powers like Poland, Hungary, and Serbia in the region.
Russia Notes
Russia's location provided both challenges and opportunities for its development. Its vast forests and rivers enabled trade but also made the country vulnerable to invasion. Kiev emerged as a center of trade but was later destroyed during the Mongol conquest, which had widespread negative effects but also stimulated Moscow's growth. Eventually Russia emerged as an independent state under the leadership of Ivan the Great.
6. The First Global Civilization
The document provides an overview of the history of the Arabian Peninsula before and during the rise of Islam in four sections: 1) Pre-Islamic Arabian society was tribal and nomadic or urban, centered around Mecca. 2) Muhammad received revelations in 610 CE and established Islam, fleeing to Medina in 622. 3) The Umayyad caliphate expanded the Islamic empire across North Africa and Spain but faced internal disputes. 4) The Abbasids defeated the Umayyads in 750 and established Baghdad as the new capital, promoting Islamic learning while repressing Shi'a influence.
Ptm 1.13 ancient china
Ancient China was geographically isolated by natural barriers like deserts, mountains, and large bodies of water. This isolation influenced China's development, posing environmental challenges and limiting outside invasions. Early dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BC and 1700 BC respectively, implementing irrigation projects and building walled cities for protection and governance. Chinese culture was centered around the family, with a social hierarchy divided between nobles and peasants. Religion involved ancestor worship and consulting gods through oracle bones. Writing also developed but had many symbols, limiting literacy.
China Presentation
China has the world's largest population with over 1.3 billion people, representing 20% of the global population. It has one of the oldest civilizations and will become the fourth largest economy in the world within three years. China experiences diverse climate ranging from tropical to subarctic and has faced challenges such as pollution, dynastic cycles, and political movements like the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square protests.
Chinese civilization
Early Chinese civilization originated around 4000 BCE in the Yellow River valley, where some of the earliest forms of agriculture developed. Over time, civilization expanded along China's major river systems, including the Yangtze River. During the Shang Dynasty from around 1700-1050 BCE, Chinese civilization advanced with developments in bronze metallurgy, the earliest forms of writing in the form of oracle bones, and a new social hierarchy. The subsequent Zhou Dynasty built upon these foundations and established feudalism as a new political system from 1050-256 BCE.
Ancient China
- Ancient Chinese civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Yellow River and Yangtze River, which deposited rich soil for agriculture. The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1600 BC to 1100 BC and was the first Chinese dynasty to be confirmed by historical records. Religion influenced Shang culture through rituals for ancestors, oracle bones connected to early writing, and bronzework. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang around 1100 BC and introduced new concepts like the Mandate of Heaven to justify dynastic changes. Population and agriculture grew under the Zhou while new philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism emerged during the later Zhou period.
China Geography
The Shang Dynasty ruled over ancient China from around 1523 BCE to 1028 BCE. They established their capital at Anyang, where kings were surrounded by courts and performed rituals to strengthen the kingdom. The Shang were largely an agricultural society led by a strong monarchy and army. They left behind artifacts including oracle bones, early examples of Chinese writing, that provided answers to questions through cracks interpreted by priests. The Shang declined after 600 years of rule due to difficulties governing a growing population, leading to their overthrow by the Zhou Dynasty in around 1100 BCE.
The World of the 15th Century Part 4
The Aztec Empire was established in 1325 in Mexico, growing to a population of 5-6 million people ruled from their capital of Tenochtitlan, a large island city connected to the mainland by causeways. They conquered neighboring peoples and extracted tribute, developing an advanced urban civilization with extensive agriculture, trade networks, and an economy that supported large populations and significant public works projects. However, they engaged in frequent human sacrifice of war captives to appease the gods. In contrast, the Inca Empire spanned a vast Andean region, assimilating conquered peoples through relocation, education in the Quechua language, and obligations to the state instead of tribute, with an emphasis on centralized bureaucratic control rather than war
Shang China Culture
The Shang Dynasty emerged in China between 1532-1027 BC. They were the first documented Chinese dynasty and established their main capital at Anyang. Cities were protected by earthen walls and consisted of mostly wooden structures and homes. Society was sharply divided into social classes ruled by a warrior king. The king's authority was believed to come from heaven through the Mandate of Heaven, and dynasties would rise and fall in a dynastic cycle. Writing first developed through oracle bones where priests would interpret cracks made by heat on bones or shells that kings used to consult with gods.
Powerpoint Byzantine Empire
The document discusses the spread of Christianity from the Byzantine Empire to Russia and the influence of Byzantine culture. It then outlines the history of Russia, including its defeat of the Mongols and growth of Moscow as the capital under Ivan the Great. Ivan the Terrible further centralized power, limiting the nobility and forcing serfs to remain on lands, using violent force against revolts.
An overview of Chinese history
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2100 BC to the present day. It discusses the early dynasties including the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It then covers the imperial periods including the Qin dynasty which first unified China, and the Han dynasty which saw the first golden age. Subsequent sections summarize the periods of disunity like the Three Kingdoms period, as well as important dynasties like the Sui and Tang dynasties when China was again united and culturally prosperous. The document touches on many influential figures, political and philosophical developments, and cultural achievements over Chinese civilization.
Greek experience mc kaych5
1. The document provides an overview of ancient Greek history from 3500 BCE to 100 BCE, covering major periods and developments.
2. It describes the rise and fall of early Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations on Crete and the mainland, followed by the emergence of city-states and the polis system.
3. The height of Greek classical culture is examined, including the conflicts with Persia, growth of Athenian democracy and arts, and flourishing of philosophy with thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Mckayworld9ch7 eastasia
1. Under the Qin and Han dynasties in China, society became more unified and standardized as the empires expanded their control over neighboring cultures like Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
2. Buddhism spread from India through Central Asia to China in the 1st-3rd centuries CE, appealing to Chinese with its inclusive philosophy and monasteries becoming important social institutions.
3. The Tang dynasty (618-907 CE) reunified China and saw a cultural golden age with foreign influences, poetry, and Buddhism integrating into people's lives as the East Asian cultural sphere grew closer connected through shared Chinese cultural traditions.
What's hot (20)
7cd the religion and culture of the byzantine empire
7cd the religion and culture of the byzantine empire
The Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern EuropeChapter 9
The Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern EuropeChapter 9
Similar to Powerpoint 3 a
Prelude 2 Music as Commodity and Social Activity
This document contains lecture slides about music from the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. It provides an overview of the time periods from 476 CE to around 1400 CE, including important events and developments. It discusses the role of the Catholic church and Gregorian chant, the rise of cities and trade, as well as secular music at royal courts and by traveling minstrels. Musicians found employment supported by public and aristocratic institutions, and the merchant class emerged as new patrons of music.
Prelude 2 - Enjoyment of Music, 3rd Essential Listening Edition
This document provides an overview of Western music history from ancient times through the Renaissance period. It discusses the development of music in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It then summarizes the Middle Ages, noting the fall of Rome in 476 CE as the beginning of this period, which saw the rise of the Catholic Church and Gregorian chant. The document also describes the emergence of cities, universities, and cathedrals in the later Middle Ages, as well as the roles of markets, courts, and traveling minstrels in secular music. Finally, it discusses the various social roles and classes of musicians during the Medieval and Renaissance eras.
Middleages music
This document provides an overview of music in medieval Europe between 450-1450 AD. It describes the decline of the Roman Empire and rise of the feudal system, with three social classes - nobility, peasantry, and clergy. Gregorian chant dominated church music, while troubadours and minstrels performed secular songs. Polyphonic music emerged in the late medieval period, exemplified by Machaut's complex mass. A variety of instruments accompanied both sacred and secular music. Overall, the document traces the development of music through the Middle Ages.
Music in the Middle Ages
The document summarizes life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 450-1450 AD. It describes the fall of the Roman Empire and onset of the dark ages. Society was organized into three classes: nobility, peasantry, and clergy. Music during this time was primarily Gregorian chant sung in Latin by the Catholic Church, while instruments and secular music also developed. Polyphonic music with multiple voice parts emerged in the late Middle Ages, as seen in the works of Guillaume de Machaut.
Social influences, the baroque period
The Baroque period saw social influences on music from the Counter-Reformation, the 30 Years War, and rising merchant class. The Council of Trent encouraged more emotionally engaging church music. Rulers like Frederick the Great and Louis XIV promoted music at their lavish courts to demonstrate status. The growing merchant class patronized the arts, leading to public concert halls and theaters that gave musicians more independence from noble patrons.
Music Of The Middle Ages
Medieval music developed between 450-1450 CE as Christianity spread across Europe. Music was primarily for the church, with Gregorian chant dominating. Notation developed in the 9th century, allowing for polyphony. Secular courtly music also arose, including songs by troubadours. Musical styles included monophonic and early polyphonic styles, with long melodies, drones, and dissonances in polyphony. Key composers included Hildegard von Bingen, Moniot d'Arras, and Guillaume de Machaut.
Medieval period revised
The document provides an overview of life during the Medieval Period from 900-1450 AD. It describes the difficult lives of peasants and serfs, with cold conditions, hard work, little food, and low life expectancy. Education was only available to the wealthy or religious leaders. Travel was limited and people typically spent their whole lives in one community. The Feudal system governed society, with landowners controlling the serfs who lived and worked on the land. Instruments like pipes, tabors, hurdy gurdies, bagpipes, lutes, and organs provided music. Medicine was primitive and diseases like the bubonic plague devastated populations. Significant people and developments included Gutenberg and the printing press, Marco Pol
MUSIC 9 LESSON 1 and 2.pdf
The document provides information about music of the Medieval period from 700-1400 AD. It discusses the historical and cultural background, types of vocal and instrumental music, as well as some famous composers from this era. Specifically, it outlines how sacred music like Gregorian chant was used for church services, while secular music like Troubadour songs told stories of chivalry and courtly love. A variety of instruments were also used during this time including lutes, organs, and percussion.
Petrine periodrel8
This document summarizes the Petrine Period from 500-1400 AD. During this time, the papacy rose to dominance as the Roman Empire fell. Key events included the barbarian invasions of Rome, Pope Gregory the Great's reforms, Charlemagne's establishment of the Holy Roman Empire, and the investiture controversy over church authority. The Great Schism in 1054 divided the church into Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches. Other major developments were the Crusades to regain the Holy Land and the Inquisitions targeting heretics. Important saints that emerged included Francis of Assisi, Dominic, and Thomas Aquinas.
WK 1 - Ancient Greece & Chant & Secular Song of the Middle Ages
This document provides an overview of music in ancient Greece and early Christian Rome. It discusses how Greek music theory was passed down to the Romans and became the basis for Western music theory. It also describes how the musical heritage of ancient Greece and Rome was transmitted through the early Christian Church. The Church helped spread these musical elements into Africa and Europe. Standardization of Christian liturgy and the organization of a repertory of melodies known as Gregorian chant occurred under Roman dominance.
Chapter 13 Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant
This document summarizes key aspects of medieval music traditions including Gregorian chant, the development of Christian worship music, and prominent composer Hildegard of Bingen. Chant was the dominant sacred music, consisting of single melodic lines sung in Latin. Over time, churches developed elaborate structures with strong acoustics for musical performances. Hildegard composed chant and sequences incorporating her visions and established a prominent role for women. Her musical dramas depicted spiritual struggles through allegorical virtues and devils. Medieval music helped instruct worshippers and project sacred texts in elaborate sacred spaces.
Chapter 13 Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant
This document provides an overview of music in the medieval period, including the development of Gregorian chant, the importance of monasteries in preserving culture, and key figures like Hildegard of Bingen. Chant was the dominant sacred music, consisting of single, unaccompanied melodic lines. It was transmitted orally until the development of musical notation starting in the 10th century. The church modes provided the basic scales used in both sacred and secular music during this time. Individual composers like Hildegard composed works for the church as well as morality plays integrating music.
grade 9 unit 1 music.pptx
The document provides an overview of the beginnings of Western music, including ancient Greek and Roman music as well as medieval and Renaissance periods. It discusses the earliest known musical composition, the Song of Seikilos from ancient Greece. Gregorian chant is described as the dominant sacred music of the Middle Ages, influenced by the Christian church. Secular music such as troubadour songs also existed. The Renaissance saw the rise of secular forms like the madrigal and mass as prominent composers including Palestrina, Morley, and Weelkes emerged.
The middle ages
The Medieval period in Europe began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and lasted until around 1500 AD. This period saw the migration of Germanic tribes into Europe, the rise of the Catholic Church and feudal system of government. Significant events included the Crusades beginning in 1099 to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the Black Death pandemic in the mid-14th century that killed around one-third of Europe's population. By the end of the Medieval era, the foundations were being laid for the Renaissance and modern Europe through developments in trade, education and culture.
Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages from the 11th to 15th centuries, Catholicism dominated religion in Europe. Thomas Aquinas was an influential Catholic priest whose works Summa Theologica explored theological issues. Art during this period was influenced by Byzantine, Roman, and Northern European styles and was largely produced by monks. Notable art forms included tapestries, sculpture, painting and music like Gregorian chants and works of later composers. Feudal society was hierarchical and stratified with the king, clergy, and nobility at the top. Literature works were mostly religious or about courtly love and notable authors included Dante, Chaucer, and the anonymous author of Beowulf.
The middle ages
The document summarizes aspects of music during the Middle Ages, specifically the Dark Ages (450-1000 AD) and High Middle Ages (1000-1450 AD). It describes how the Roman Catholic Church filled a void of authority after the fall of Rome. Plainchant, or Gregorian chant, was the primary sacred music and was monophonic and unaccompanied. The High Middle Ages saw the development of polyphony, musical notation, and composers like Leonin and Perotin of the Notre Dame school. Secular music emerged through troubadours and trouveres. The 14th century was a time of crisis and saw the development of isorhythm and composers like Machaut in the Ars Nova style.
Music Appreciation Topic II: Music of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
During the Middle Ages from around 450-1400 AD, the Roman Catholic Church was the dominant cultural and political institution in Europe. Gregorian chant, consisting of sacred Latin texts sung without instruments, was the official music of the church. Monks and nuns spent hours each day singing Gregorian chants. Notable composers included Hildegard of Bingen, a German nun, visionary, and the first known female composer. Secular music was performed by traveling minstrels and at royal courts, where troubadours wrote songs about courtly love ideals. A variety of instruments were used in both sacred and secular medieval music.
byzantine empire
The Byzantine Empire had its capital in Constantinople and lasted from 330 AD to 1453 AD. It reached its peak in the 6th century under Justinian I. Byzantine art and architecture were heavily influenced by Christianity and featured grand churches like Hagia Sophia with massive domes, intricate mosaics, and icons. The Byzantine Empire declined as the Ottoman Empire rose and eventually conquered Constantinople in 1453, marking the end of the Byzantine era.
Unit 3 feudal europe
The document summarizes key aspects of feudal Europe between the 10th-13th centuries. It describes the rise of the feudal system in response to invasions and the weakening Carolingian Empire. Lords provided land and protection to vassals in exchange for military service. Society was divided into lords, vassals, peasants and clergy. The economy was based around agriculture on manors. The Catholic Church was highly influential and promoted pilgrimages and Crusades. Architecture was primarily religious buildings in the Romanesque style like churches and monasteries made of stone.
Powerpoint 3 b
Gregorian chant was the official music of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. It featured a single, unaccompanied melodic line sung in Latin. Organum was an early form of polyphony where a second voice was added above the Gregorian chant. Motets were composed pieces featuring Gregorian chant with additional independent rhythmic parts. Troubadours were poet-musicians who composed love songs and traveled throughout Europe performing for audiences. Estampies were instrumental dance pieces from the Middle Ages characterized by short, repeating phrases in a lively compound meter.
Similar to Powerpoint 3 a (20)
Prelude 2 - Enjoyment of Music, 3rd Essential Listening Edition
Prelude 2 - Enjoyment of Music, 3rd Essential Listening Edition
WK 1 - Ancient Greece & Chant & Secular Song of the Middle Ages
WK 1 - Ancient Greece & Chant & Secular Song of the Middle Ages
Chapter 13 Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant
Chapter 13 Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant
Chapter 13 Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant
Chapter 13 Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant
Music Appreciation Topic II: Music of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Music Appreciation Topic II: Music of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
More from Devlon Goodman
Composer 4 weelkes
Thomas Weelkes was an English composer active in the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras. He was born in 1576 in Sussex, England and held positions as an organist at Winchester College and Chichester Cathedral. Weelkes published several volumes of madrigals and wrote many Anglican church services and anthems. However, he struggled with alcoholism and unruly behavior, which led to his dismissal from Chichester Cathedral at one point. Weelkes is best known for his innovative vocal music, especially his chromatic madrigals, and he made contributions to English church music through his anthems and services.
Composer 3 des prez
Josquin des Prez was a Netherlandish composer during the Renaissance period who was widely considered one of the greatest composers of his time. He worked in Italy and helped develop new musical styles and techniques, including the use of motivic cells. His most famous work is the motet "Ave Maria...Virgo serena", which rose to great popularity for its innovative counterpoint and setting of the text. The motet exemplifies Josquin's skill in relating the musical structure and details to the meaning of the poetic text through techniques like imitation and changes in texture.
Composer 5 von bingen
Hildegard of Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, and visionary who lived from 1098-1179. She experienced visions from a young age and was encouraged to record them. At age 8 she was enclosed as a nun where she learned to read, write, and play music. Her extensive works included visions, letters, natural sciences, an invented language, and over 70 musical compositions of liturgical chants and a morality play. Her musical style featured soaring melodies outside the range of typical chant with recurring melodic units that closely matched the text.
Composer 2 palestrina
Giovanni Palestrina was an influential Italian Renaissance composer known for his masses and motets written for the Catholic Church. He was born in 1525 near Rome and spent much of his career composing sacred music and working as a choirmaster in Rome, including for the Cappella Giulia. His most famous work is the Missa Papae Marcelli, a multi-movement mass using imitative polyphony across six vocal parts without accompaniment. Palestrina had a significant impact on liturgical music and is considered one of the greatest composers of Renaissance choral music.
Composer 1 dufay
Guillaume Dufay was an influential 15th century composer born between 1397-1400 in what is now Belgium. He spent his life serving the Catholic Church, holding positions across Italy and France as a choirmaster and priest, composing sacred music for church choirs. Considered the most important composer of his era, Dufay helped establish the Burgundian style of polyphonic music and influenced generations of composers with his masses, motets and chansons. His setting of the "Kyrie" from the Missa L'homme armé is an example of his famous cyclic mass that unified sections of the mass through a cantus firmus melody.
Powerpoint 3 d
The Renaissance saw the development of sacred and secular vocal music. Sacred music was mostly a cappella and included settings of the Mass, which had five movements. Secular music included the madrigal, a polyphonic work for multiple voices that used word painting to illustrate the text. Instrumental music such as dances became more prominent and genres like the lute fantasia were developed. A variety of instruments emerged and were often used to accompany vocal works.
Powerpoint 2 k
The document discusses different musical forms including strophic, binary, ternary, variation, and rondo forms. It explains that musical form relates to the organization and structure of a composition over time. Form is perceived through repetition, contrast, or variation of musical elements and is often diagrammed with letters to show how sections relate. Composers use standardized forms to provide structure and guidelines to help with the creative process.
Powerpoint 2 j
This document defines and describes three types of musical texture (monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic) and harmony. It explains that texture refers to how musical lines blend and interact, and defines the three textures as having one main melody (monophonic), two or more equal melodies (polyphonic), or one main melody with accompaniment (homophonic). Polyphony is further divided into imitative and non-imitative. Harmony is defined as the simultaneous sounding of pitches, often in chords, and the document discusses consonance, dissonance, and chord progressions.
Powerpoint 2 i
Percussion instruments are the oldest family of instruments and were originally used to accompany dance and emphasize rhythm. Percussionists produce music by striking objects. The timpani, or kettledrum, is played by striking the animal skin or plastic head with mallets, which causes the air inside the kettle to vibrate and produce a low, deep sound. The bass drum produces a very loud sound and is struck with mallets on both sides. The snare drum gets its unique buzzing sound from snares or wires stretched across the bottom of the drum. The xylophone is a series of tuned wooden bars played with mallets. Cymbals are metal plates that are struck together or with mallets to
Powerpoint 2 h
This document provides an overview of several brass instruments - trumpet, French horn, trombone, and tuba. It describes the basic characteristics of each instrument such as their shape, how sound is produced by blowing air through the mouthpiece, and some historical facts. Links to audio examples of each instrument are also included.
Powerpoint 2 g
The document discusses the different woodwind instruments used in orchestras. It describes the flute, oboe, clarinet, saxophone, and bassoon. Some key details include: the flute is made of wood or metal and produces sound by blowing across the mouthpiece; the oboe is a double reed instrument producing an expressive nasal tone; the clarinet is a single reed instrument made of hard wood with a rich tone quality; the saxophone was invented to fill the gap between woodwinds and brass; and the bassoon is the largest woodwind, over 8 feet long, with a deep dark tone as the lowest instrument.
Powerpoint 2 f
This document discusses the string instrument family, including violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. It describes the physical characteristics and musical roles of each instrument from highest to lowest register. Violin is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument, played with a bow. Cello is larger and lower-pitched, producing a lush tone. Double bass is the largest string instrument, rarely playing melodies and instead providing harmonic foundation.
Powerpoint 2 e
Singing is a unique form of music that combines musical tones with words to communicate. While everyone can sing, it takes natural talent and years of practice to sing well, as singers must use their vocal chords to accurately produce notes, unlike instrumentalists. Men and women's voices differ in thickness and range, and singing styles vary across cultures and genres of music.
More from Devlon Goodman (14)
Recently uploaded
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Recently uploaded (20)
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Powerpoint 3 a
- 1. Music in History: The Middle Ages Historical Information Music Appreciation Unit 3
- 2. The Middle Ages • An age spanning the years from the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 to around 1400. • Medieval society was conservative and oriented toward God. • The church (the Roman Catholic church) was the primary patron of art and education and the single greatest safe guarder of culture. • All music, architecture, poetry and learning was cultivated by the church.
- 3. The Middle Ages • Timeline – Rome sacked by Vandals 455 – Beowolf c. 700 – First Crusade 1066 – Black Death 1347-52 – Joan of Arc executed by English 1431
- 4. The Middle Ages • Other Information – Architecture • Early: Romanesque • Late: Gothic – Visual Arts • Stressed iconic/symbolic, not realism – Late Middle Ages saw technological progress
- 5. The Middle Ages • Composers were churchmen and musicians got their training as church choirboys. – Music during this time period was not notated, meaning written down. – If you wished to learn music, you were shown how to perform each piece by ear. • The role of music in the medieval church was to embellish or accompany prayer. • It was intended to create a mood of peace, contemplation and spirituality.
- 6. The Middle Ages • The exception of music made in the church were the popular musicians called troubadours who held the reputation as wandering musicians. • These wandering entertainers called troubadours or jongleurs sang their songs and played their instruments wherever they could find a paying gig. • But it was still the church that preserved culture and stood against many of the barbaric conditions that prevailed during the Medieval Period. • Many of the surviving music was composed anonymously.
- 7. The Middle Ages • The political system of Europe during the Middle Ages is called feudalism. • There were three main social classes during this period – Nobility: Kings, Queens, landowners – Peasantry: poor workers – Clergy: monks and priests of the church • Rulers granted land to certain people under their authority. • These land holders were are called vassals. • In return for the land the vassals promised to support their rulers in time of war.
- 8. The Middle Ages • The remaining people who lived and worked on the land were called serfs. • Those who owned the land were called nobles. • In addition a knight or soldier of the noble class was trained as a horseman and pledged loyalty to a particular nobleman and in return was granted land. • The church was all that stood against these harsh conditions and the threat of diseases and different religious invasions from the North and from the East.
- 9. The Middle Ages • This was the period in Western Europe in which musical notation began, counterpoint was invented around 1000, and some of the present-day instruments were brought from Asia and Africa. • Gregorian chant or plainsong, was invented around 500. • It was sung as a single line by a priest and a choir in unison, without instrumental accompaniment. • Around the year 1000, singers began singing Gregorian chant on its correct pitches others singing it a fourth, fifth, or octave higher and by the end of the period, wonderful polyphony was being composed. • Music was an important part of life not only in the church but also outside of the church performed by troubadours in castles, village huts and taverns.