Use of liquid nitrogen

1. HHHHHH
PRESENTRATION ON :
LIQUID NITROGEN AS
ALTERNATIVE FUEL
SUBMITTED BY:
BINAY NAIK
REGD.NO-1401109401
BRANCH-MECHANICAL ENGG.

2. PROGESSION OR POLLUTION

3. LIQUID NITROGEN CARS
HYDROGEN CARS ELECTRIC CARS

4. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction
 Cryogenic
 Liquid Nitrogen (LN2)
 Liquefaction Of Nitrogen Gas
 Cryogenic Heat Engine
 Principle Of Operations
 Schematic Of Liquid Nitrogen Car(LN2000)
 Charactertics of LN2000
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Why not Commercialized
 Conclusion
 References

5. INTRODUCTION
Majority of pollution in the world is contributed
by automobiles.
Also the price of the fuels increasing and
availability is decreasing. So, we have to go for
alternate choice.
Scientists are searching for renewable resource as
a fuel for engine and moreover pollution free.
Liquid Nitrogen is the cheapest , widely produced
and most common cryogenic liquid.
It is mass produced in Air Liquefaction Plants.
Invention of Cryogenic Heat Engine:In 1997,the
University of North Texas (UNT) and University of
Washington (UW) independently developed
liquid nitrogen powered vehicles.

6.  What is Cryogenic?
Cryogenic is the study of the product and
behaviour of materials at very low
temperature (below -150 °C, -238 °F or 123 K)
Various Cryogenic Fluids:
1. Liquid Helium 4.Liquid Neon
2. Liquid Oxygen 5.Liquid Xenon
3. Liquid Nitrogen 6.Liquid Argon
 Cryogenic Heat Engine:
It is a engine which uses very cold substances
to produce useful energy.

7. LIQUID NITROGEN(LN2)
 Since Nitrogen gas makes up the
major portion of the atmosphere
i.e.78.08% by volume. So the liquid
nitrogen is widely produced and its
most common cryogen.
 The liquefaction process is very
simple.
 Liquid nitrogen is inert, colorless, nonflammable ,non-corrosive ,
odorless and extremely cold.
 Normal , atmosphere air is passed through dust precipitator and
pre-cooled.

8. LIQUEFACTION OF NITROGEN GAS

9. CRYOGENIC HEAT ENGINE
 A pressurized tank to
store nitrogen.
 Pressurant bottles of N2
gas that substitute for a
pump.
A primary heat exchanger.
An Expander.
An economizer or a secondary heat exchanger.

10. SCHEMATIC OF LIQ. NITROGEN CAR LN2000

11. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
 LN2 at 139.200 R (77.40 K) is pressurized and vaporized in a
heat exchanger by ambient temperature of the surrounding
air.
 This heat exchanger is like the radiator of a car but instead
of using air to cool water , its uses air to heat and boil liquid
nitrogen.
 Liquid N2 passing through the primary heat exchanger
quickly reaches its boiling point.
 The vaporized LN2 expand to a gas with a pressure of 150
KPa.
 The pressurized N2 gas drives the motor.
 The only exhaust is nitrogen ,which is major constituent of
our atmosphere.
 Energy + N2 (l) N2 (g)
 Hence, there is no pollution produced by running this car.

12. LN2000 CAR CHARACTERTICS
 The LN2000 Car has a 7hp engine.
 Its maximum speed is over 40 km/hr.
 It could travel 79 miles (127.58 km) on a full
24 gallon (90 liter) tank of liquid nitrogen
running at the speed of 32 km/hr.

13. ADVANTAGES
 Liquid nitrogen is not a combustible ,
corrosive or toxic . It is just a cold
fluid.
 LN2 Powered vehicles have significant
performance and environmental advantages
over electric vehicles.
 A Liquid nitrogen car is much lighter and refilling
its tank will take only 10 – 15 minutes.
 The exhaust produced by the car is
environmental friendly.

14. DISADVANTAGES
 Liquid nitrogen is not available in
public refueling stations.
 Turn N2 gas into a liquid requires a lot of
energy. So while cryogenic cars have zero
emissions , they rely on energy produced at
emission generating power plants.
 The LN2 passing through the tubes of the
heat exchanger is so cold that the moisture in
the surrounding air would condense on the
outside of the tubes , obstructing the air flow.

15. WHY NOT COMMERCIALIZED?
Even through the technology is 10 to 12 years
old, still it has not come to the market for two
reasons.
 Safety issues have not been
sorted out as yet.
 Lack of funds for research.

16. CONCLUSION
 The Liquid Nitrogen powered
vehicles keeps the air much cleaner
if the liquefaction process is driven by non-
polluting energy sources . And refueling
process is time and cost efficient.
 Extra research work is needed to utilize the
most of the available energy.

17. REFERENCES
1. “Liquid Nitrogen as a Non-polluting Vehicle
Fuel”, Mitty c. Plummer, carlos A. Ordonez and
Richard F.Reidy, University of North Texas.
2. “Liquid Nitrogen”, Wikipedia Online
Encyclopedia, Sept. 13,2007
<htttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/liquidnitrogen>.
3. “LN2000”,University of Washington Research
Team, Sept.18,2007
<https://www.aa.washington.edu/AERP/CRYOCAR/
CryoCar.htm>.
4. “Liquid Nitrogen Car ”, University of Washington
, May 2,2011
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uV5YsdA9Lg>

19. ANY QUERIES ?