The document presents information on liquid nitrogen as an alternative fuel for vehicles. It discusses how liquid nitrogen can be used in a cryogenic heat engine to power a car. The University of North Texas and University of Washington independently developed liquid nitrogen powered vehicles called LN2000 in 1997. The LN2000 operates by pressurizing and vaporizing liquid nitrogen in a heat exchanger, using ambient heat to power the engine without producing pollution. While liquid nitrogen cars have advantages over electric vehicles and produce no exhaust emissions, commercializing the technology faces challenges of safety issues and lack of funding for further research.

1. HHHHHH
PRESENTRATION ON :
LIQUID NITROGEN AS
ALTERNATIVE FUEL
SUBMITTED BY:
BINAY NAIK
REGD.NO-1401109401
BRANCH-MECHANICAL ENGG.

2. PROGESSION OR POLLUTION

3. LIQUID NITROGEN CARS
HYDROGEN CARS ELECTRIC CARS

4. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction
 Cryogenic
 Liquid Nitrogen (LN2)
 Liquefaction Of Nitrogen Gas
 Cryogenic Heat Engine
 Principle Of Operations
 Schematic Of Liquid Nitrogen Car(LN2000)
 Charactertics of LN2000
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Why not Commercialized
 Conclusion
 References

5. INTRODUCTION
Majority of pollution in the world is contributed
by automobiles.
Also the price of the fuels increasing and
availability is decreasing. So, we have to go for
alternate choice.
Scientists are searching for renewable resource as
a fuel for engine and moreover pollution free.
Liquid Nitrogen is the cheapest , widely produced
and most common cryogenic liquid.
It is mass produced in Air Liquefaction Plants.
Invention of Cryogenic Heat Engine:In 1997,the
University of North Texas (UNT) and University of
Washington (UW) independently developed
liquid nitrogen powered vehicles.

6.  What is Cryogenic?
Cryogenic is the study of the product and
behaviour of materials at very low
temperature (below -150 °C, -238 °F or 123 K)
Various Cryogenic Fluids:
1. Liquid Helium 4.Liquid Neon
2. Liquid Oxygen 5.Liquid Xenon
3. Liquid Nitrogen 6.Liquid Argon
 Cryogenic Heat Engine:
It is a engine which uses very cold substances
to produce useful energy.

7. LIQUID NITROGEN(LN2)
 Since Nitrogen gas makes up the
major portion of the atmosphere
i.e.78.08% by volume. So the liquid
nitrogen is widely produced and its
most common cryogen.
 The liquefaction process is very
simple.
 Liquid nitrogen is inert, colorless, nonflammable ,non-corrosive ,
odorless and extremely cold.
 Normal , atmosphere air is passed through dust precipitator and
pre-cooled.

8. LIQUEFACTION OF NITROGEN GAS

9. CRYOGENIC HEAT ENGINE
 A pressurized tank to
store nitrogen.
 Pressurant bottles of N2
gas that substitute for a
pump.
A primary heat exchanger.
An Expander.
An economizer or a secondary heat exchanger.

10. SCHEMATIC OF LIQ. NITROGEN CAR LN2000

11. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
 LN2 at 139.200 R (77.40 K) is pressurized and vaporized in a
heat exchanger by ambient temperature of the surrounding
air.
 This heat exchanger is like the radiator of a car but instead
of using air to cool water , its uses air to heat and boil liquid
nitrogen.
 Liquid N2 passing through the primary heat exchanger
quickly reaches its boiling point.
 The vaporized LN2 expand to a gas with a pressure of 150
KPa.
 The pressurized N2 gas drives the motor.
 The only exhaust is nitrogen ,which is major constituent of
our atmosphere.
 Energy + N2 (l) N2 (g)
 Hence, there is no pollution produced by running this car.

12. LN2000 CAR CHARACTERTICS
 The LN2000 Car has a 7hp engine.
 Its maximum speed is over 40 km/hr.
 It could travel 79 miles (127.58 km) on a full
24 gallon (90 liter) tank of liquid nitrogen
running at the speed of 32 km/hr.

13. ADVANTAGES
 Liquid nitrogen is not a combustible ,
corrosive or toxic . It is just a cold
fluid.
 LN2 Powered vehicles have significant
performance and environmental advantages
over electric vehicles.
 A Liquid nitrogen car is much lighter and refilling
its tank will take only 10 – 15 minutes.
 The exhaust produced by the car is
environmental friendly.

14. DISADVANTAGES
 Liquid nitrogen is not available in
public refueling stations.
 Turn N2 gas into a liquid requires a lot of
energy. So while cryogenic cars have zero
emissions , they rely on energy produced at
emission generating power plants.
 The LN2 passing through the tubes of the
heat exchanger is so cold that the moisture in
the surrounding air would condense on the
outside of the tubes , obstructing the air flow.

15. WHY NOT COMMERCIALIZED?
Even through the technology is 10 to 12 years
old, still it has not come to the market for two
reasons.
 Safety issues have not been
sorted out as yet.
 Lack of funds for research.

16. CONCLUSION
 The Liquid Nitrogen powered
vehicles keeps the air much cleaner
if the liquefaction process is driven by non-
polluting energy sources . And refueling
process is time and cost efficient.
 Extra research work is needed to utilize the
most of the available energy.

17. REFERENCES
1. “Liquid Nitrogen as a Non-polluting Vehicle
Fuel”, Mitty c. Plummer, carlos A. Ordonez and
Richard F.Reidy, University of North Texas.
2. “Liquid Nitrogen”, Wikipedia Online
Encyclopedia, Sept. 13,2007
<htttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/liquidnitrogen>.
3. “LN2000”,University of Washington Research
Team, Sept.18,2007
<https://www.aa.washington.edu/AERP/CRYOCAR/
CryoCar.htm>.
4. “Liquid Nitrogen Car ”, University of Washington
, May 2,2011
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uV5YsdA9Lg>

19. ANY QUERIES ?