linguists Verb classification
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This document discusses different types of verbs in English including: [1] Transitive verbs which take a direct object. Intransitive verbs do not take an object. [2] Ditransitive verbs which take both a direct and indirect object. Common ditransitive verbs include give, show, teach. [3] Complex-transitive verbs which take a direct object and another object or object complement. [4] Intensive verbs which describe the subject such as is, looks. [5] Prepositional verbs which are formed from a verb and preposition like believe in, wait for. Prepositional verbs cannot be separated.
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Verb Classification
This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs:
1. Transitive verbs take a direct object. Examples given are "eats an apple" and "is reading a book".
2. Intransitive verbs do not take an object. Examples given are "listens" and "is a nice girl".
3. Ditransitive verbs take a subject and two objects, a direct object and an indirect object. An example given is "Ahmed gave the students an exam".
4. Complex-transitive verbs require a direct object and another element like an object complement. Examples given are "kate thought john a fool" and "ray told the children a story".
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns
This document discusses direct object pronouns, which are words like me, him, us, and them that are used instead of nouns when referring to the person or thing most directly affected by the verb. Direct object pronouns receive the action of the verb and can replace direct objects in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate replacing nouns like "the books" and "that skirt" with the direct object pronouns "them" and "it". The purpose and rules for identifying direct objects are explained, along with examples of direct object pronoun placement and a reminder about indirect object pronouns.
morphosyntacsis/grammatical function
The document discusses how grammatical functions are mapped onto morphological representations through the interaction of thematic roles, grammatical relations, and case assignment. It explores how syntactic rules that change the canonical pairing of thematic roles and grammatical functions can have morphological effects. Specifically, it examines how grammatical function changing rules like passive, antipassive, applicative, and causative are reflected in verbal morphology through principles like the Mirror Principle.
Gramatical functions
This document discusses grammatical functions and the subject and object in English syntax. It defines the subject as the grammatical function that precedes the verb, agrees with the verb in number, and is compulsory. The three types of objects are defined as the direct object, which follows the main verb, the indirect object, which benefits from the verb's action, and the oblique object, which follows a preposition. Criteria for identifying the subject include syntactic, morphosyntactic, and semantic criteria. Types of subjects are also defined as grammatical, logical, and psychological subjects.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
This document discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. A transitive verb denotes an action that passes from the subject to an object, and can be converted to passive voice. Examples include "She made pizza" and "The boy cut his hand." An intransitive verb denotes an action without an object and cannot be converted to passive voice. Examples include "The sun shines" and "The train stopped." To identify verb types, check if the sentence has an object or can be made passive. This helps determine if the verb is transitive or intransitive.
Indirect objectpronouns
The document discusses indirect objects and indirect object pronouns in Spanish. It explains that an indirect object receives the action of the verb indirectly, as opposed to a direct object which receives the action directly. It provides examples of sentences with indirect objects and how to rewrite them using indirect object pronouns. Finally, it covers rules for placing indirect object pronouns in a sentence and some common verbs that require an indirect object pronoun.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
The document defines and provides examples of transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs transmit action to a direct object and may also have an indirect object indicating who or what the action is for. Intransitive verbs do not take an object. The document then gives examples of sentences using transitive verbs that have both direct and indirect objects, and intransitive verbs that do not take objects. It concludes with a practice identifying sentences as using transitive or intransitive verbs.
Transitive and intransitive
The document discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. A transitive verb has a direct object that receives the action of the verb, while an intransitive verb does not have a direct object. To determine if a verb is transitive or intransitive, ask what or whom after the verb. If there is a direct object, the verb is transitive; if there is no direct object, the verb is intransitive. Examples are provided to illustrate transitive verbs like "wrote" and "shook" as well as intransitive verbs like "applauded" and "shook." Verbs are complex but essential to sentences.
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Verb Classification
This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs:
1. Transitive verbs take a direct object. Examples given are "eats an apple" and "is reading a book".
2. Intransitive verbs do not take an object. Examples given are "listens" and "is a nice girl".
3. Ditransitive verbs take a subject and two objects, a direct object and an indirect object. An example given is "Ahmed gave the students an exam".
4. Complex-transitive verbs require a direct object and another element like an object complement. Examples given are "kate thought john a fool" and "ray told the children a story".
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns
This document discusses direct object pronouns, which are words like me, him, us, and them that are used instead of nouns when referring to the person or thing most directly affected by the verb. Direct object pronouns receive the action of the verb and can replace direct objects in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate replacing nouns like "the books" and "that skirt" with the direct object pronouns "them" and "it". The purpose and rules for identifying direct objects are explained, along with examples of direct object pronoun placement and a reminder about indirect object pronouns.
morphosyntacsis/grammatical function
The document discusses how grammatical functions are mapped onto morphological representations through the interaction of thematic roles, grammatical relations, and case assignment. It explores how syntactic rules that change the canonical pairing of thematic roles and grammatical functions can have morphological effects. Specifically, it examines how grammatical function changing rules like passive, antipassive, applicative, and causative are reflected in verbal morphology through principles like the Mirror Principle.
Gramatical functions
This document discusses grammatical functions and the subject and object in English syntax. It defines the subject as the grammatical function that precedes the verb, agrees with the verb in number, and is compulsory. The three types of objects are defined as the direct object, which follows the main verb, the indirect object, which benefits from the verb's action, and the oblique object, which follows a preposition. Criteria for identifying the subject include syntactic, morphosyntactic, and semantic criteria. Types of subjects are also defined as grammatical, logical, and psychological subjects.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
This document discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. A transitive verb denotes an action that passes from the subject to an object, and can be converted to passive voice. Examples include "She made pizza" and "The boy cut his hand." An intransitive verb denotes an action without an object and cannot be converted to passive voice. Examples include "The sun shines" and "The train stopped." To identify verb types, check if the sentence has an object or can be made passive. This helps determine if the verb is transitive or intransitive.
Indirect objectpronouns
The document discusses indirect objects and indirect object pronouns in Spanish. It explains that an indirect object receives the action of the verb indirectly, as opposed to a direct object which receives the action directly. It provides examples of sentences with indirect objects and how to rewrite them using indirect object pronouns. Finally, it covers rules for placing indirect object pronouns in a sentence and some common verbs that require an indirect object pronoun.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
The document defines and provides examples of transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs transmit action to a direct object and may also have an indirect object indicating who or what the action is for. Intransitive verbs do not take an object. The document then gives examples of sentences using transitive verbs that have both direct and indirect objects, and intransitive verbs that do not take objects. It concludes with a practice identifying sentences as using transitive or intransitive verbs.
Transitive and intransitive
The document discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. A transitive verb has a direct object that receives the action of the verb, while an intransitive verb does not have a direct object. To determine if a verb is transitive or intransitive, ask what or whom after the verb. If there is a direct object, the verb is transitive; if there is no direct object, the verb is intransitive. Examples are provided to illustrate transitive verbs like "wrote" and "shook" as well as intransitive verbs like "applauded" and "shook." Verbs are complex but essential to sentences.
The structure of arguments
The document discusses the structure of arguments in language. It defines an argument as an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate. Predicates take one, two, or three arguments to form a predicate-argument structure. An adjunct is an optional part of a sentence that does not affect the sentence if removed. Valency theory explores the nature of predicates, arguments, and adjuncts. Transitivity relates to whether a verb can take direct objects and how many. Selectional properties determine the semantic content of a predicate's arguments. Theta theory assigns thematic roles like agent and patient to arguments.
Predicates, the direct object & indirect object
This document discusses predicates, direct objects, and indirect objects in sentences. It defines predicates as containing verbs and possibly other elements like objects or predicatives. Direct objects usually follow verbs and refer to entities acted upon. Indirect objects indicate recipients or beneficiaries and follow ditransitive verbs along with direct objects. The document outlines the forms indirect objects can take including noun phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and noun clauses.
Transitive intransitive verbs
This document discusses the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs are verbs that take a direct object, such as "broke the window." Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object and describe actions where nothing receives the action, such as "cried." It is important to understand the difference, as many students and even native speakers can confuse whether a verb is transitive or intransitive. The document provides examples of common transitive and intransitive verbs and warns that prepositional phrases and adverbs do not make an intransitive verb transitive.
English parts of speech
The document discusses different types of sentences and complements in sentences. It defines simple, compound, and complex sentences. It also defines direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives. Direct objects receive the action of a verb, indirect objects receive the action indirectly, and predicate nominatives and adjectives complete the meaning of a linking verb. The document provides examples for each term.
Transitive and Intransitive verbs
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to receive the action. An intransitive verb does not take an object. Using an object immediately after an intransitive verb will create an incorrect sentence. However, there may be other information after the verb, such as one or more prepositional phrases or an adverb. In this Power Point Presentation I clearly discussed about the Transitive and Intransitive verbs. Please make use of this Power Point Presentation for your reference purpose.
Types of sentences
This document provides information about different types of sentences and verbs in English grammar. It discusses:
1. Transitive verbs which take a direct object, intransitive verbs which do not take a direct object, and intensive/linking verbs which link the subject to a subject complement.
2. Complex transitive verbs which require both a direct object and an object complement to identify a quality of the direct object.
3. Ditransitive verbs which can be followed by two objects, one receiving the action and one directed towards.
4. Prepositional verbs which combine a verb and preposition to create a new verb with distinct meaning.
5. Examples are provided for each type along with exercises
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This document discusses several key concepts in generative grammar including X-bar theory, case theory, projection principle, adjuncts, and theta theory. It notes some limitations of X-bar theory and introduces concepts like case/caseless positions, the case filter, and how case theory addresses issues like why nouns and adjectives require prepositions when taking NP complements. It also defines key terms in theta theory like theta roles, theta grids, and the principles of theta theory regarding sisterhood and the theta criterion.
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs in English:
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- Linking verbs connect the subject and a subject complement without indicating action.
- Finite verbs change form based on tense, number, and person, while non-finite verbs do not change form.
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Advance english 3[1]
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Semantic Roles
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Case theory
This document discusses Case Theory and Binding Theory within the framework of Government and Binding Theory. It provides three key points:
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2. Binding Theory defines the distribution of anaphors, pronouns, and R-expressions based on their binding properties and principles of locality. It interacts with movement and empty categories left by movement.
3. Together, Case Theory and Binding Theory are part of the overall GB model and operate at a representational level beyond D-structure and S
Lesson 1 writing
The document provides information on basic sentence patterns in English, including the components of a basic sentence, subjects, predicates, and types of verbs. It discusses subjects, predicates, and the three types of verbs - linking verbs, intransitive verbs, and transitive verbs. Examples are given for each sentence pattern and practice identifying subjects and verbs. The document also covers complements, adjuncts, pronouns, and some additional examples of sentences using linking verbs.
Phrase
This document defines and provides examples of sentences, clauses, and phrases in English grammar. It explains that a sentence contains a subject and a verb, while a clause is a "mini-sentence" within a larger sentence. A phrase is a group of words that acts like a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and verb. Common types of phrases include prepositional, noun, verb, adjective, and adverbial phrases. The document provides examples of identifying phrases, clauses, and sentences to illustrate these concepts.
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Inflectional Paradigms - morphology- Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
The document discusses verb paradigms and inflectional morphology. It defines a paradigm as a set of related word forms that share the same stem but have different affixes. Specifically, it examines the verb paradigm which consists of 5 forms: the stem, third person singular present, present participle, past tense, and past participle. Each form has a specific grammatical function, such as the stem is used in simple present tense except for third person singular and in imperatives. The past participle is used to form perfect aspect constructions and the passive voice.
Verbs
This document discusses verbs and verb tenses. It explains that verbs designate actions or states of being and are categorized as action, state of being, or helping verbs. The three main tenses are past, present, and future. The past tense communicates actions that have already happened and can take -ed endings or irregular forms. The present tense communicates ongoing actions and takes -s endings with singular subjects. Shifting verb tenses within a single essay can confuse readers. Examples are provided to practice identifying verb tenses and avoiding tense shifts.
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This document discusses predicates, direct objects, and indirect objects in sentences. It defines predicates as containing verbs and possibly other elements like objects or predicatives. Direct objects usually follow verbs and refer to entities acted upon. Indirect objects indicate recipients or beneficiaries and follow ditransitive verbs along with direct objects. The document outlines the forms indirect objects can take including noun phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and noun clauses.
Transitive intransitive verbs
This document discusses the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs are verbs that take a direct object, such as "broke the window." Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object and describe actions where nothing receives the action, such as "cried." It is important to understand the difference, as many students and even native speakers can confuse whether a verb is transitive or intransitive. The document provides examples of common transitive and intransitive verbs and warns that prepositional phrases and adverbs do not make an intransitive verb transitive.
English parts of speech
The document discusses different types of sentences and complements in sentences. It defines simple, compound, and complex sentences. It also defines direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives. Direct objects receive the action of a verb, indirect objects receive the action indirectly, and predicate nominatives and adjectives complete the meaning of a linking verb. The document provides examples for each term.
Transitive and Intransitive verbs
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to receive the action. An intransitive verb does not take an object. Using an object immediately after an intransitive verb will create an incorrect sentence. However, there may be other information after the verb, such as one or more prepositional phrases or an adverb. In this Power Point Presentation I clearly discussed about the Transitive and Intransitive verbs. Please make use of this Power Point Presentation for your reference purpose.
Types of sentences
This document provides information about different types of sentences and verbs in English grammar. It discusses:
1. Transitive verbs which take a direct object, intransitive verbs which do not take a direct object, and intensive/linking verbs which link the subject to a subject complement.
2. Complex transitive verbs which require both a direct object and an object complement to identify a quality of the direct object.
3. Ditransitive verbs which can be followed by two objects, one receiving the action and one directed towards.
4. Prepositional verbs which combine a verb and preposition to create a new verb with distinct meaning.
5. Examples are provided for each type along with exercises
Structures in government binding Model
This document discusses several key concepts in generative grammar including X-bar theory, case theory, projection principle, adjuncts, and theta theory. It notes some limitations of X-bar theory and introduces concepts like case/caseless positions, the case filter, and how case theory addresses issues like why nouns and adjectives require prepositions when taking NP complements. It also defines key terms in theta theory like theta roles, theta grids, and the principles of theta theory regarding sisterhood and the theta criterion.
Be-Verb Pattern Elimination
The document discusses different be-verb patterns including the progressive tense, expletives, subject complements, and passive voice. For each pattern, it identifies the components, explains how to eliminate the be-verb, and provides an example revision removing the be-verb. The end of the document provides examples to identify the be-verb pattern, explain its components, how to eliminate it, and revise the sentence without the be-verb.
Verbs - Transitive and Intransitive,Linking and Finite ,Non-Finite (easy appr...
This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs in English:
- Transitive verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning and indicate an action passed to an object. Intransitive verbs do not require an object but may take a complement referring to the subject.
- Linking verbs connect the subject and a subject complement without indicating action.
- Finite verbs change form based on tense, number, and person, while non-finite verbs do not change form.
Syntax –part 2
This document discusses syntactic categories and constituent structure. It defines common parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It notes that nouns can denote activities, events, states and properties, not just people, places and things. Morphology and distribution provide more reliable evidence for categories than semantics alone. The document then discusses analyzing sentences into constituents like NP and V NP. It provides tests for constituents like proform replacement and question tests. Finally it discusses noun phrase functions like subject, direct object, and predicative complement.
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This document outlines the 10 basic sentence patterns in English based on the type and function of verbs. There are 3 verb of being patterns using forms of "to be" as the main verb. Two patterns use linking verbs like "seem" followed by an adjective or noun. The remaining 5 patterns use action verbs that can be transitive or intransitive, taking direct objects or not. Key terms like NP, V-be, and numbers are used to identify different parts of each sentence structure.
Mood
The document discusses mood in systemic functional linguistics. Mood consists of the subject and finite operator and realizes interpersonal meaning in conversation. The mood carries interpersonal functions and consists of a subject and finite element. It indicates whether a clause is declarative, interrogative, or imperative. Modality involves modalization, which expresses the probability or usuality of a proposition, or modulation, which expresses obligation or inclination of proposals.
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The document discusses the significance of analyzing language as clause exchange in functional grammar. It explains that a clause has two main parts - the mood and the residue. The mood contains the subject and finite and expresses the core proposition, while the residue contains other elements that complete the sense. There are three main mood structures - declarative, interrogative and imperative. The document also describes different types of adjuncts and complements that can be present in the residue.
Syntax –part 3
This document discusses syntax and provides examples of tests used to identify constituents, including the proform test, question test, movement test, and coordination test. It also discusses phrase structure rules and provides an example of drawing a tree diagram and rule for the sentence "The runner from Ethiopia won a prize at the fair."
Semantic Roles
This document discusses thematic roles and grammatical relations. It defines semantic roles as the underlying relationship between a participant and the main verb. The major thematic relations are identified as agent, patient, theme, experiencer, instrument, and goal. Examples are provided for each. Grammatical relations indicate the syntactic relationship between a verb and noun phrases, and include subject, direct object, and indirect object. Oblique is defined as the grammatical relation for objects of prepositions.
Discussion (1) (1)
The document discusses the key components of sentences: subjects and predicates. It explains that the subject is usually the doer of the action and identifies the topic, while the predicate says something about the subject and always contains a verb. It provides examples of finding the simple subject and simple predicate, as well as modifiers that can make the subject or predicate more complex. Ordering of subjects and predicates is also covered, noting that subjects typically come first but order can be changed for emphasis. Question and command sentences are discussed as having different typical word orders as well.
Case theory
This document discusses Case Theory and Binding Theory within the framework of Government and Binding Theory. It provides three key points:
1. Case Theory explains how case is assigned in sentences, distinguishing between structural case assigned by verbs and prepositions, and inherent case assigned to specific arguments. Principles of Case Theory like the Case Filter ensure DPs receive case.
2. Binding Theory defines the distribution of anaphors, pronouns, and R-expressions based on their binding properties and principles of locality. It interacts with movement and empty categories left by movement.
3. Together, Case Theory and Binding Theory are part of the overall GB model and operate at a representational level beyond D-structure and S
Lesson 1 writing
The document provides information on basic sentence patterns in English, including the components of a basic sentence, subjects, predicates, and types of verbs. It discusses subjects, predicates, and the three types of verbs - linking verbs, intransitive verbs, and transitive verbs. Examples are given for each sentence pattern and practice identifying subjects and verbs. The document also covers complements, adjuncts, pronouns, and some additional examples of sentences using linking verbs.
Phrase
This document defines and provides examples of sentences, clauses, and phrases in English grammar. It explains that a sentence contains a subject and a verb, while a clause is a "mini-sentence" within a larger sentence. A phrase is a group of words that acts like a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and verb. Common types of phrases include prepositional, noun, verb, adjective, and adverbial phrases. The document provides examples of identifying phrases, clauses, and sentences to illustrate these concepts.
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Transitive and intransitive verbs
1. The document outlines assignments for the day including finishing a speech on Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech and completing journal and classwork assignments.
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This slide explains Inflectional morphology which is the study of the processes (such as affixation and vowel change) that distinguish the forms of words in certain grammatical categories.
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Types of Verbs
Verbs express actions, states of being, or conditions. There are different types of verbs including action verbs, linking verbs, helping verbs, present/past/future tense verbs, transitive verbs, and intransitive verbs. Verbs tell what the subject does or is. Key types are action verbs which show physical or mental actions, linking verbs which link the subject to a predicate expressing a state of being, and helping verbs which help express meaning along with a main verb.
Verb phrase
This document provides an overview of verb classification and complementation in English grammar. It discusses different ways to classify verbs according to their grammatical properties like tense, aspect, mood, voice, and complementation patterns. Specifically, it covers classifications of verbs based on their lexical meaning, structure, ability to take progressive aspect, and transitivity. The document also explains intensive and extensive verb complementation, focusing on mono-transitive verbs that take a direct object or prepositional object complement.
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This document presents an overview of the eight parts of speech in English: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It defines each part of speech and provides examples to illustrate how words function within each category. The document is a presentation on parts of speech given by Moazzam Yasin and assigned by Professor Tahira Aalam at Concordia College in Allahabad.
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This document discusses parts of speech in English. It begins by defining what a part of speech is, which is a category assigned to words based on their syntactic functions. The main parts of speech in English are listed as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each part of speech is then defined and examples are provided. Types of each part of speech are also defined, such as types of nouns including common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, and collective nouns. Classroom activities are suggested for teaching parts of speech as well.
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This document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in English including nouns, pronouns, phrasal verbs, prepositional phrases, and indirect objects. For each concept, it defines the term, provides examples, and describes how to identify the part of speech. The document is intended as a reference for contrastive analysis between English and other languages.
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This document defines and provides examples of the main parts of speech in English including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. It also explains the key parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, object, complement, and modifiers. Various types of subjects, predicates, and modifiers are defined.
Parts of speech
1. This document defines and describes the different parts of speech in English language including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections, and articles.
2. It provides examples and classifications for each part of speech. For nouns, it describes common and proper nouns, singular and plural nouns, abstract and concrete nouns.
3. For verbs it discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. For adjectives it covers quality, quantity, numeral, demonstrative, and interrogative adjectives. The document aims to comprehensively explain the parts of speech that make up the English language.
Parts of speech in English
The document discusses the different parts of speech in English language. It explains that there are eight main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it provides examples and classifications. It discusses the different types of nouns like proper vs. common nouns. It also explains the different types of pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions and other parts of speech.
partsofspeech-140707153049-phpapp02.pptx
The document provides an overview of the different parts of speech in English language. It discusses the eight main parts of speech - nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it describes their definition and classification with examples. It particularly focuses on nouns and their types including proper/common, countable/uncountable, abstract/concrete nouns. It also explains the different types of pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs and other parts of speech.
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This document provides an overview of grammar and its four levels: parts of speech, parts of the sentence, phrases, and clauses. It then discusses the eight parts of speech in detail, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For nouns and pronouns, it covers definitions, types, cases, numbers, genders, persons, possessive forms, and correct usage. For verbs it discusses tense, voice, regular and irregular forms, transitive/intransitive distinctions. It also covers adjectives and adverbs, including forms of comparison.
Clauses as Part of Phrases
This document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a group of words that does not contain a subject and verb, and provides examples. A clause is defined as containing a subject and predicate. The document then examines different types of phrases in more detail, including noun phrases, adverbial phrases, and how clauses can be part of phrases. It provides examples and definitions for noun phrases and adverbial phrases.
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Verbs
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Verbs
The document discusses different types of verbs in the English language. It defines verbs as words that describe actions or states of being. It outlines several classifications of verbs, including: action verbs, transitive/intransitive verbs, dynamic/stative verbs, linking verbs, finite/non-finite verbs, irregular/regular verbs, and auxiliary verbs like be, have, will and do. Examples are provided for each verb type to illustrate how verbs are used in sentences and how their form may change based on tense, voice or other grammatical rules.
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linguists Verb classification
- 3. My sister broke the window . My father cried.
- 5. Transitive verb : Is the verb that is followed by a noun or pronoun that tells who or what Received the action of that verb. That noun or pronoun is called the Object. Here are some more examples of transitive verbs with their objects: I sold some books. I took the bus. I understood her question. I wrote a letter.
- 6. Intransitive verb: Are verbs that do not have objects. This means that the verb doesn't need more than the subject to fulfill the meaning. Here are some more examples of intransitive verbs: I slept. My cat ran. The sun rose. •
- 7. Hala is a nice girl is = verb nice = adjective is = intransitive because it is followed by an adjective and not a noun
- 8. Ditransitive verb. • A ditransitive verb is a verb which takes a subject and two objects. According to certain linguistics considerations, these objects may be called direct and indirect, or primary and secondary. Another definition, A ditransitive verb is a type of verb that requires both a direct object and an indirect object in the sentence with it in order for the meaning of the sentence to be complete. This type of verb is typically used when something is being given or exchanged between two or more parties, as the something is the direct object and the receiver is the indirect object EG: Ahmed gave the students an exam An exam is the direct object, what he gave, and ’the students ' is the indirect object, the person he gave it to.
- 10. This sentence can be also written Ahmed gave an exam to the students (to ) is a preposition in this example it has joined with NP the students to form PP. The PP here is function as io
- 11. What are some Common Ditransitive Verbs? • • • • • • • Ask Tell Offer Buy Show Send give Others include assign, bet, bring, cost, do, feed, find, get, lend, owe, pass, pay, play (e.g., She played him a song), promise, serve (e.g., He served us dinner), teach, throw, wish, write.
- 12. Ditransitive verbs can be made passive: The passive forms of ditransitive verbs move one object into the subject position and leave the other in the original place. Usually, however, it is the indirect rather than the direct object that is moved. The students were given an exam by Ahmed.
- 13. Complex-transitive verb Another class of verb is the complextransitive verb Definition A verb that requires both a direct object and another object or an object complement. Complex transitive verbs have a direct object and a complement (a word or phrase that says something about the direct object.) They have painted their house purple. (complement) I will prove you wrong. The complement relates to the object, not the subject. The complement is therefore an OBJECT COMPLEMENT and the shorthand version is oC.
- 14. Types: A further type takes both a nominal and a prepositional complement. Ex: Percy placed the penguin on the podium Other verbs take adjectival or adverbial complements. Ex: the judge looked mean. the pianist performed passionately.
- 15. Observations: Elena Kagan clerked for Thurgood Marshall and has long considered him a hero. When the Congress unanimously elected George Washington president, he accepted reluctantly.
- 16. Intensive Verbs We use intensive verbs to describe the subject. Intensive verbs are also called copular verbs, are usually followed by a noun or a noun phrase, an adjective or a prepositional phrase. Intensive means to focus on one thing; in this case, the subject. The words or phrases following an intensive verb work as the subject complement. This means they apply to the subject, not the verb. Examples: “Rose is a student” – The focus of this sentence is Rose and what she is. “Tomas looks very young for his age” - The focus of this sentence is Tomas and what he looks like.
- 17. Prepositional verb Examples : against, , below, , beside, but (when it means except), by, down, , out, since, through, , toward, under, until, , within … etc . Prepositional verbs are a group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. This is a distinction between three types of multi-word verbs: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs.
- 18. Prepositional verbs are made of: verb + preposition Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects. Here are some examples of prepositional verbs: prepositional verbs meaning examples direct object believe in have faith in the existence of I believe in God. look after take care of He is looking after the dog. talk about discuss Did you talk about me? wait for await John is waiting for Mary.
- 19. Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. That means that we cannot put the direct object between the two parts. For example, we must say "look after the baby". We cannot say "look the baby after": prepositional verbs are inseparable Who is looking after the baby? This is possible. Who is looking the baby after? This is not possible