Lime and gypsum
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Lime is a white caustic substance obtained by heating limestone, which produces calcium oxide. There are several types of lime including non-hydraulic lime, hydrated lime, and hydraulic lime. Non-hydraulic lime is made by burning limestone and adding water, while hydrated lime and hydraulic lime set faster due to their composition and ability to set under water. Lime has various uses in construction including in plasters, mortars, and soil remediation. Gypsum is a soft mineral composed of hydrated calcium sulfate and is used to produce plaster of paris as well as for wall finishes and other construction and medical applications.
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Joseph Aspedin introduced Portland cement in 1824 by mixing limestone and clay. There are various types of cement produced through different manufacturing processes and chemical compositions. Cement is made up of calcium compounds like calcium oxide and calcium silicates that set and bind aggregate materials when mixed with water. The most common type is ordinary Portland cement, used in general construction. Other types include rapid hardening cement, sulfate resisting cement, and low heat cement, each suited to specific conditions.
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This document provides information about cement, including its history, definition, manufacture, and composition. It discusses the four main processes used to manufacture cement: wet, semi-wet, semi-dry, and dry. The wet and dry processes are described in more detail. It also summarizes the classification of cements as hydraulic or non-hydraulic, and provides examples of their applications. Finally, it outlines the key functions of cement and its main constituent materials like lime, silica, alumina, and others.
Cement
Cement is a binding agent that sets and hardens after mixing with water. Romans first developed hydraulic cement by mixing volcanic ash with lime. Portland cement, the most common type today, was invented in 1824 and consists of calcium silicates and other compounds. It is produced through a process of grinding raw materials like limestone and clay, heating the mixture in a kiln to form clinker, then grinding the clinker with gypsum. The clinker compounds hydrate and harden when mixed with water. Cement is primarily used to bind sand, gravel and water into concrete for construction applications.
cementing raw materials plaster gypsum cement.pptx
This document discusses raw materials used in cement manufacturing. The main raw materials are limestone, clay or shale, and gypsum. Limestone provides calcium oxide, an important ingredient that contributes to cement strength. Clay and shale supply silica, alumina, and iron oxide. Gypsum controls the setting time of cement. Other materials sometimes used include fly ash, silica fume, iron ore, bauxite, and mill scale. The exact composition depends on the type of cement being produced.
Building materials
In presentation I have covered all the topics of building materials which are used in construction work of any building like stone,brick,sand,cement,etc.
3. lime , cement , sand , brick
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate or calcium and magnesium carbonate. It forms in various types including coquina, chalk, travertine, and oolite. Limestone has many uses in construction as a building stone, in road base, and to produce cement. It is quarried and can be used in building, road construction, and cement production depending on its quality. Limestone has advantages as a natural, consistent material but may wear more easily than other building materials.
Calumex brochure
Caltra produces special binders for the dry-mix building industry using advanced calcium aluminate technology. They supply products globally from their centrally located production site in the Netherlands, monitoring quality and adhering to international standards. Within construction, dry-mix building chemistry has grown rapidly due to demands for improved and consistent raw materials to optimize and develop new products. Caltra offers a wide range of calcium aluminate and calcium sulfoaluminate cements designed for applications like rapid setting, high early strength, shrinkage compensation, and more.
Hengyang Gypsum Mining.pdf
This document provides information about gypsum mining and processing. It describes that gypsum is extracted through open air or underground mines using drilling and explosives. The rock is then crushed, stored, sized, and calcined to produce plaster of paris or calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The plaster can be alpha or beta type depending on the calcination process and is then ground, mixed, tested, and packed. Ball mills and jaw crushers are mentioned as key machinery used in gypsum processing. Contact information is also provided for the gypsum mining company.
Hengyang Gypsum Mining Plant.pdf
This document provides information about gypsum mining processes and equipment. It describes how gypsum is extracted through open-air or underground mines using drilling and explosives. The extracted gypsum rocks are then crushed, stored, sized, and calcined at high temperatures to produce plaster of paris. The plaster can be produced through alpha or beta processes to achieve different properties for uses such as construction materials. The document also lists common machinery used such as ball mills and jaw crushers along with their applications and technical specifications.
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cementing raw materials plaster gypsum cement.pptx
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Lime and gypsum
- 1. LIME LIME:- Lime is a white caustic alkaline substance consisting of calcium Oxide (CaO), which is obtained by heating limestone and which combines with water with production of much heat. It is also known as quicklime or burnt lime. Types of lime There are many different types of lime 1) Non-hydraulic lime 2) Hydrated lime 3) Hydraulic lime 4) lime sand Non-hydraulic lime (quick lime):- Properties and uses: - Made from limestones containing at least 95% calcium carbonate.
- 2. Calcuim carbonate is burn at 900degree celcius, and carbon dioxide is driven off,leaving calcium oxide(quick lime)in powder form. Water is added to quicklime produce calcuim hydroxide and large amount of heat. It is better for plasters and renders. It is the purest form of Calcium hydroxide. It is the most permeable of all limes. Do not set under water. Non hydraulic lime set by carbonation. It is softer and sets much more slowly. It is used for painting walls. Used to produce medium,coarse and fine set plasters and mortars. Hydrated lime:- Properties and uses:- It is added to cement mortar to increase workability,flexiblity and to increase dry time to avoid cracks. It help to improve moisture damage and freeze -thaw resistence.
- 3. Hydrated lime has low density than quick lime. It is less reactive than quick lime. Used to increase the pH of soil. It is used in white wash mortar and plasters. Hydraulic lime:- Property and Uses:- Produce from limestone containing clay. Set more quickily and harder than other limes. More clay content ,it behave like cement. Hydraulic lime set under water. At 40% silica/alumina,it have maximum strength. It has a low elastic modulus. There is no need for expansion joints. It has lower firing temperature then portland cements. It does not trap moisture in walls. It is very useful damp condition and construction of Bridges,Dams etc. It is used for mortar in thick walls.
- 4. Lime Sand:- Property and uses:- Waste from ground limestone. Fine grade used by for farmers for agricultural lines spread on land to increase pH. It can be used as a sand fraction of mortars. Current market prices:- Rate of lime …… 12/1kg Rate of hydrated lime ……..9/kg
- 5. GYPSUM Gypsum:- Gypsum is a soft white or grey mineral consisting of hydrated calcuim sulphate. It is soft sulphate mineral composed of calcium sulphate dehydrated,with chemical formula CaSO4.2H2O.It is used finishfor walls and ceiling. Properties of gypsum:- It is monoclinic crystaline system. It is may be colorless,white, yellow, blue, grey, reddish brown due to impurities. Its specific gravity 2.31-2.33. It is transparent to translucent with vetrous to pearly lusture. Its surface is abrasion resistance. Gypsum is heated in air it loses water and convert first to calcium sulphate hemihydrate ( Bassanite and plaster) and it heated further to forn anhydrous calcium sulphate (anhydrite) . Gypsum is heated about 300 degree fahrenheit o produce plaster of paris (gypsum plaster). Its hardness coefficient is 2. Its solubility with hot and dilute HCl.
- 6. Its optical property is Biaxial (+). It is flexible and inelastic. Uses of gypsum It is used finishing for wall and ceilings. It is used for manufacturing of wallboard cement plaster of paris. It is used for ornamentel and decoration purpose. It is used for jointing the tiles. It is used for very fine finishing walls. It is used for surgical appliances. It is used for dry wall. It is used for production of plaster of paris. It is used in toothpastes and hair production. Gypsum is used in manufacturing of portland cement. It is used to give color to cosmetics and drugs. Current market prices:- Rate of gypsum……..170/25kg bag