The document discusses the concept and components of a light tracking solar panel designed to maximize solar power capture by following sunlight throughout the day. It explains the working principle, including the roles of light dependent resistors and stepper motors in adjusting the panel's position. Additionally, it covers advantages and applications of the technology, while also noting its limitations.

1. Light Tracking Solar Panel
1
Uzair Ahmed
Syed Abuzar
Syed Hasnain

2. Contents
2
1. Introduction.
2. Principle.
3. Working.
4. Components.
5. Block Diagram.
6. Circuit Diagram.
7. Advantages.
8. Applications.
9. Conclusion.

3. 3
Problem Statement
Sun is moving so we can’t get maximum radiation all
the time.
Static solar panel receive maximum intensity of sunlight
once a day only.
Static solar panel receive maximum intensity of sunlight
for specific period of time in a day.

4. 4
Introduction 1-1
Fig 1.1 Light tracking solar panel Fig 1.2 Sunflower
The basic idea of light tracking solar panel is taken from Sunflower

5. Fig 1.4 Eveningtime
Introduction 2-2
Fig 1.3 Morningtime
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 Light tracking solar panel is a method to
withdraw maximum power from solar panel.
 To get maximum power from solar panel,
they are exposed in front of light for:
1) Maximum time.
2) Maximum intensity.
 Greater is exposure of time and intensity of
the sun light, greater will be the output.

6. Principles
1. The main purpose is to expose
solar panel maximum to the light,
because greater is the light, greater
will be the output of solar panel.
2. Measuring the light intensity falling
on Light Dependent Resistors
(LDR’s).
3. Control of stepper motor by
microcontroller on the basis of
input signal received from
LDR’s.
4. Rotation of the solar panel by
stepper motor in the direction of
sun light.
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7. Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
 Zero Light Intensity
In the absence of light the difference of light intensity
falling on the LDRs is zero and there will be no movement
in the panel.
 Unequal Light Intensity
When the difference of light intensity is unequal, panel
move slowly towards that side where light intensity is
greater.
 Equal Light intensity
When light intensity on both sides is equal, panel will not
move, because the difference of light intensity falling on the
LDRs is zero.
Working 7

8. 8Components
Components
used

9. Motor Driver IC L293D:
Fig 2: IC L293D
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Table 1: Pin description of L293D

10. Light dependent resistor (LDR):
 LDR works as a light/dark sensor.
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Fig 3: Light Dependent Resistor
Absence of Light Presence of Light
Resistance of LDR is
very high, i-e 10,00,000
ohms.
The resistance of LDR
drops dramatically with
intensity of light.
Table 2: Functions of LDR

11. Stepper motor:
• A stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that divides a full rotation into a number
of equal steps.
• Stepper motors moves in discrete steps.
• The motor will rotate, one step at a time.
1
1
Fig 4.1: Stepper motor Fig 4.2: Stepper motor working principle

12. Block Diagram
Fig 5: Blockdiagram of LightTracking Solar Panel
 Two pair of LDR are connectedfor
horizontal and vertical motion.
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 Comparator compares the difference of
light intensity on both LDRs
 Stepper motors are driventhroughthe IC.
 Solar panel moves when motor moves.

13. Circuit Diagram:
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Fig 6: Circuit Diagram of Light Tracking Solar Panel.

14. Overview of System
 Two Stepper motors for
movement of panel along X-
axis and Y-axis.
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Fig 6: Overview of Light tracking Solar Panel.
 Two LDRs for measuring
intensity for X-axis and Y-axis

15. 15
 Regulated power output.
 No extra charges have to
pay like bills taxes.
 Generate more electricity
than stationary panels.
 No manual intruption is
required
Advantages

16. Applications
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 Electric fence Heating Water
Emergency Battery
Backup
Solar Cooking
Stove
 Battery Charger

17. Limitations
 Solar Panels can’t be
utilized in rainy season.
 Capital cost is very high.
 Only for low power
applications..
 Batteries are heavy and
occupy more space.
 Power conversion loss from
AC to DC and DC to AC.
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18. Conclusion: 18

19. Words
Words Mobile Module Computer
Meaning ‫پذیر‬ ‫حرکت‬ ‫پرزہ‬ ‫کار‬ ‫تخمینہ‬
Origin late 16th century
from Latin
‘mobilis’
late 16th century
from Latin
modulus
In 1613 it
originates from
word ‘compute’
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