1. Solar Tracker Using PMDC MOTOR
Brijesh Kumar
Sankalp Shah
Project on
Prepared by

2.  Abstract
 Objective
 What is Solar Tracker
 Need of Solar Tracker
 Types of Trackers
 List of Components
 Pin Diagram of Arduino
 Block Diagram
 Circuit Diagram
 Programm
 Advantages & Disadvantages

3.  Maximization of efficiency of solar panel using solar
tracking system with the help of permanent magnet
DC motor(PMDC), Photodiode & micro-controller.
3

4.  Solar tracker is basically a device onto
which solar panels are fitted which
tracks the motion of the sun across the
sky ensuring that the maximum
amount of sunlight strikes the panels
throughout the day
 After finding the sunlight, the tracker
will try to navigate through the path
ensuring the best sunlight is detected.

5.  Around 25% of the world's people live without electricity. This lack of light tends to keep
them in poverty
 The earth receives 84 Terawatts of power from sun and our world consumes about 12
Terawatts of power per day
 Only 12% to 18% of the sun's solar energy is converted to electrical power by the silicon in
a solar panel, so more panels are installed to produce the total kilowatts of solar power
needed.
 In order to maximize the conversion from solar to electrical energy, the solar panels have
to be positioned perpendicular to the sun. Thus the tracking of the sun is important.
 Our system will output up to 40% more energy than solar panels without tracking systems.

6.  Work to be presented in next report:
6

7. 1) Single axis tracker 2) Dual axis tracker

8. LIST OF COMPONENTS
1) PHOTODIODE
2) ARDUINO ATMEGA8L-8PU
MICROCONTROLLER
3) LCD DISPLAY
4) PMDC MOTOR

14.  28-pin AVR Microcontroller
 Flash Program Memory: 8 kbytes
 EEPROM Data Memory: 512 bytes
 I/O Pins: 23
 Timers: Two 8-bit / One 16-bit
 A/D Converter: 10-bit Six Channel
 PWM: Three Channels
 RTC: Yes with Separate Oscillator
 MSSP: SPI and I²C Master and Slave Support
 USART: Yes
 External Oscillator: up to 8MHz

17.  #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
const int analogInPin1a = A0;
const int analogInPin1b = A1;
const int analogInPin2a = A4;
const int analogInPin2b = A5;
int x1 = 0; // value read from the pot
int x2 = 0;
int y1 = 0;
int y2 = 0;
int x = 0;
int y = 0;

18.  int relay1 = 7;
int relay1a = 8;
int relay2 = 5;
int relay2a = 6;
int diff = 0;
int sel = 2;
LiquidCrystal lcd(A3, A2, 12, 11, 10, 9);
void setup() {
pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay1a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay2a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sel,INPUT);
lcd.begin(16, 2);

19.  void loop() {
// read the analog in value:
x1 = analogRead(analogInPin1a);
x2 = analogRead(analogInPin1b);
y1 = analogRead(analogInPin2a);
y2 = analogRead(analogInPin2b);
x=x1-x2;
y=y1-y2;
if(digitalRead(sel)==HIGH){
if(x>diff){
digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH);
}

20.  else
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
if(x<diff){
digitalWrite(relay1a, HIGH);
}
else
digitalWrite(relay1a, LOW);
if(y>diff){
digitalWrite(relay2, HIGH);
}
else
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);
if(y<diff){
digitalWrite(relay2a, HIGH);
}

21.  else
digitalWrite(relay2a, LOW);
}
else{
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);
digitalWrite(relay2a, LOW);
digitalWrite(relay1a, LOW);
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("X:");
lcd.print(x1);
lcd.setCursor(7, 0);
//lcd.print(" X2:");
lcd.print(x2);
lcd.setCursor(12, 0);
lcd.print(" ");lcd.print(x);

22.  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Y:");
lcd.print(y1);
lcd.setCursor(7, 1);
//lcd.print(" Y2:");
lcd.print(y2);
lcd.setCursor(12, 1);
lcd.print(" ");lcd.print(y);
delay(500);
// wait 500 milliseconds before the next loop
// for the analog-to-digital converter to settle
// after the last reading:
}

23. Advantages
 Increase the Efficiency and Maximization of Energy
 It is Pollution free method.
 It has law running cost.
Disadvantages
 It has high initial cost.
 Programming is complicated.
 Maintainance required because of moving parts.
 Weather Condition Can Affect The System.

25. THANK YOU