This document describes a dual axis solar tracker that uses sensors and a microcontroller to rotate solar panels to maximize electricity generation. It works by using light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense the sun's location and provide input to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls a stepper motor to rotate the panels and keep them perpendicular to the sun. Tracking the sun's movement across the sky and throughout the year can increase solar energy capture and electricity production by 25-35% compared to fixed panels.

2. DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER
MUHAMMAD IMAM, 9723
WAQAR NAWAZ, 9703
ABDUL WAHEED, 9438
Supervised By
Engr. Muhammad Farrukh Qureshi
Lecturer FEAS
RIPHAH International University
Sector I-14, Islamabad

3. Overview
• Solar tracker chasing the sun
• To provide a maximum efficiency
• To get striking angle perpendicular to sun as possible
• Detection by sensors(Ldr’s)
• The use of microcontroller
• To Run the stepper motor
• It can be installed every where with less
modifications

4. Introduction
• Solar tracker is a system which chase the Sun during
day time as it rotate from east to west.
• This tracker will provide two or three degree
accuracy.
• Using a solar tracker will increase the solar energy
input to the panel and helps in producing more
electricity generation.
• The overall performance can be increased from 25-
35%.

5. Need for Solar Tracker

6. Need for Solar Tracker
(continued)
• As the sun during a day(24 hours) travel 360 degree, in which
180 degree during morning-evening is visible
• Due to some reasons , the Intensity is limited to just 150
degree approximately
• When a solar panel is fixed, now it has to bear the rise and
fall extremes of 75 degree, and there must be a loss of
approximately 75%.
• Rotating panel well help us to recover those losses
• This is the working of single axis tracker.

7. Need for Solar Tracker
(continued)
• Now during the entire year the Sun moves 46
degrees north-south.
• The panel placed at mid moving east-west will find
the sun moves 23 degree on each side north-south.
• Now when this is able to track on daily and also
depending on other axis north-south is a dual axis
solar tracker.

8. Need for Solar Tracker
(continued)

10. Block diagram

11. Flow chart

12. Working Principle
• Sensors are used in circuit to trace the exact location
of sun.
• A potential divider circuit is used to get the output
from the sensors(LDR’s).
• In potential divider circuit we get output voltage
corresponding to resistance of LDR’s which in turn is
a function of light falling on LDR,

13. Working Principle(Continued)

14. Working Principle(Continued)
• The higher intensity of light lower the LDR resistance
and due to this the output voltage lowers and when
the light intensity is low, higher will be LDR resistance
and higher output voltage.
• Now this will feedback to the microcontroller .
• The microcontroller will process the input and give
the output to a stepper motor derived IC.
• This will act as a control system.

15. • This will rotate the motor and we will get our desired
result.

16. References
• 1. Wettergreen D., Benjamin Shamah, Paul Tompkins, William Whittaker, “Robotic Planetary
Exploration by Sun-Synchronous Navigation”, 6th International Symposium on Artificial
Intelligence and Robotics & Automation in Space,i-SAIRAS 2001, Canadian Space Agency, St-
Hubert, Quebec, Canada, June 18-22, 2001.
• 2. Hasan A Yousaf, “Design And Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Computer- Controlled Sun
Tracking System”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,
Volume 3, 12-16 July 1999, page 1029-1035

17. Thanks