This document describes a solar tracking project using an Arduino, light dependent resistors (LDRs), and a servo motor. The system aims to maximize solar panel efficiency by adjusting the panel's orientation to follow the sun's movement throughout the day based on readings from LDR light sensors. The document reviews previous related projects, describes the components used, and proposes modifications to an existing solar tracking design to simplify it by removing the need for a real-time clock module.

1. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• ABSTRACT
• LITRATURE REVIEW
• COMPONENS
• EXISTING PROJECT
• PROPOSED PROJECT
• PROJECT VIDEO
• CONCLUSION
• FUTURE SCOPE
• REFERENCE

2. ABSTRACT
Solar panels, while a promising source of renewable energy, have inherent
limitations. Fixed solar panels can only capture optimal sunlight when the sun is
directly overhead, leaving significant energy potential untapped during other
times of the day. In this project by tracking the sun's movement throughout the
day, we aim to maximize energy generation and minimize waste, ultimately
contributing to a more sustainable and energy-efficient future

3. INTRODUCTION
Solar tracking is a fascinating technology that maximizes the efficiency of solar panels by orienting them
towards the sun throughout the day.
By using the power of sunlight more efficiently, we reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy sources
and mitigate environmental impact.
The key component of this project is the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), which senses changes in light
intensity. Arduino, a versatile microcontroller, processes the LDR data and controls the movement of solar
panels accordingly.

4. S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHED YEAR SUMMARY
1. Design of Phase
Compensation for
Solar Panel
Systems for
Tracking Sun
Ali H. Almukhta 2013 By incorporating
phase
compensation
techniques, I aim to
enhance the
efficiency of my
solar tracking
system, allowing it
to harness more
sunlight uding LDR
2. Two-Axis Solar
Tracker Analysis
and Control for
Maximum Power
Generation
S. Ozcelik, H.
Prakash, R. Challoo
2011 By adapting their
techniques and
incorporating LDR
sensors, the project
aim to enhance the
efficiency of solar
panels by precisely
LITRATURE REVIEW

5. LITRATURE REVIEW
S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHED YEAR SUMMARY
3. Design and
Development of an
Automatic Solar
Tracker
Jerin Kuriakose
Tharamutta ,
Andrew Keong Ng
2017 This innovative
idea involves
creating a system
that automatically
adjusts solar panels
to follow the sun’s
path, optimizing
energy generation.
4. Single axis
automatic trackin
system based on
PILOT scheme to
control the solar
panel to optimize
solarenergy
extraction
Mostefa Ghassoul 2018 Tracking System
based on PILOT
scheme revolves
controlling
orientation of solar
panels. By adapting
this concept, I aim
to enhance the
efficiency of my

6. COMPONENTS
The four main components used in solar tracking system using LDR are ..
 SOLAR PANEL
 ARDUINO UNO - ATmega328P
 LDR (Light Dependent Sensor)
 SERVO MOTOR

7. SOLAR PANEL
The solar panel is the energy source
that converts sunlight into electricity. It's
mounted on a movable platform and
tracks the sun's movement for maximum
energy generation.
COMPONENTS

8. ARDUINO
The Arduino UNO serves as the brain of
the system, collecting data from the LDR
and controlling the servo motor to adjust
the solar panel's position
COMPONENTS

9. LDR
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) are
light-sensitive sensors that detect the
intensity of sunlight. They provide input
to the Arduino, allowing it to determine
the optimal angle for the solar panel.
COMPONENTS

10. SERVO MOTOR
The servo motor is responsible for physically
tilting the solar panel. The Arduino calculates
the sun's position based on LDR readings and
controls the servo motor to align the solar
panel with the sun's rays, maximizing energy
capture.
COMPONENTS

11. EXISTING PROJECT
The existing project involves a solar tracking panel system built
using Arduino, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), and RTC (Real-
Time Clock) modules. This setup allows the solar panel to follow the
sun's movement, optimizing energy capture throughout the day. The
LDR senses light intensity, while the RTC module maintains
accurate time, enabling precise solar tracking.

12. PROPOSED PROJECT
Here this project had made significant changes by replacing the RTC. Now, the
system operates exclusively between 9 am and 4 pm, aligning the solar panel
with the sun's position during this time frame. This modification eliminates
the need for real-time clock synchronization and simplifies the control logic
and reducing system complexity.

13. BLOCK
DIAGRAM

14. CONCLUSION
The project aimed to develop a solar tracker system using LDR to
optimize solar panel orientation, reducing the need for complicated
mechanisms present in existing solar trackers.
Unlike traditional solar trackers that rely on motorized mechanisms,
our system utilized LDRs to detect light intensity changes.
This reduced mechanical complexity and potential points of failure,
leading to a more reliable and cost-effective solution.
The LDR-based tracking system consistently adjusted the solar
panel’s angle to maximize sunlight exposure, leading to improved
energy efficiency.

15. CONCLUSION
We incorporated an RTC to schedule tracking based on predefined time periods,
reducing the need for continuous monitoring.
This feature is an improvement over manual or fixed tracking systems.
By minimizing mechanical components and utilizing inexpensive sensors, our
project provided a cost-effective alternative to traditional solar trackers.
The system’s ability to adapt to changing light conditions led to significant
energy savings and increased the overall energy yield of the solar panel.
By maximizing energy production, the project contributes to reducing the carbon
footprint, making it an environmentally friendly solution

16. FUTURE SCOPE
Some of the future Scopes for Solar Tracker Using LDR are
Developing a Incorporate real-time weather data for optimal tracking on
sunny days. Develop a system to adjust for increased cloud cover. Use AI to
adapt tracking based on historical data. Implement sensors for self-cleaning or
maintenance alerts. Create a user-friendly app for control and monitoring.
Integrate with batteries for excess energy storage. Feed surplus energy back
into the grid. Use IOT for smart home integration. Provide detailed
performance reports. Consider precise vertical tracking. Allow scalability and
expansion.
Focus on eco-friendly design and materials.
These future directions will enhance solar tracker efficiency and
sustainability.

17. REFERENCE
1. Amine Riad , Mouna Ben Zohra , Abdelilah Alhamany , Mohamed
Mansouri Bio-sun tracker engineering self-driven by thermo-mechanical
actuator for photovoltaic solar systems.
2. F_abio Moacir Hoffmann, Rolf Fredi Molz, Jo~ao Victor Kothe, Elpidio
Oscar Benitez Nara*, Leonel Pablo Carvalho Tedesco Monthly profile
analysis based on a two-axis solar tracker proposal for photovoltaic
panels2017
3. Ali H. ALmukhtar, Design of Phase Compensation for Solar Panel Systems
for Tracking Sun2013
4. Design and Development of an Automatic Solar Tracker Jerin Kuriakose
Tharamuttam,Andrew Keong Ng 2017
5. S. Ozcelik, H. Prakash, R. Challoo Two-Axis Solar Tracker Analysis and
Control for Maximum Power Generation 2011