Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are caused by conditions like heart attacks, strokes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Adopting a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, managing stress, not smoking or drinking alcohol, and controlling medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can significantly reduce risk of heart disease. Maintaining a diet low in saturated fats and sodium while eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish can also help prevent cardiovascular problems.

1. PRESENTED BY
MEENA
PG SCHOLAR
BATCH:- 2021-2022
DEPARTMENT OF SHALAKYA TANTRA
“LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS IN
PREVENTION OF HEART DISEASES”

2. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
(CVDs)
CVDs are a group of diseases of heart
and blood vessels. Now a days, it is
most common cause of death
worldwide.
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
The cardiovascular system consists of heart, blood
and blood vessels. Its primarily function is to
transport nutrients and oxygen- rich blood to all parts
of the body and to carry deoxygenated blood back to
the lungs.

3. TYPES • Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Angina pectoris
• Arrhythmias
• Heart attack
• Congestive heart failure
• Stroke
• Rheumatic heart disease

4. HEART ATTACK
(MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION)
A heart attack is damage to the heart muscle caused by a
reduced or blocked blood supply(CAD)or due to severe spasm
or of sudden contraction. Heart attacks are usually sudden and
cause intense chest pain, lightheadedness, pain in one or both
arms or shoulders and is detected when routine tests are done.
ARRHYTHMIA
Irregular heartbeat. It may present as a heartbeat that is too
quick(tachycardia), too slow(bradycardia), or has a distinctive
pattern. Arrhythmia occurs when the electric signals that coordinate
the heart beats don’t work properly.
STROKE
An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the
brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from
getting oxygen and nutrients.

5. HYPERTENSION
HTN is defined as an abnormally high blood
pressure(BP) and can cause the heart, blood vessels
and other body organs if it continues over a long period
of time. It is sometimes called a “silent killer.”
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and
substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is
called plaque. The plaque can cause arteries to narrow,
blocking blood flow. The plaque can also burst leading
to a blood clot.
ANGINA
PECTORIS
Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood
flow to the heart. It causes uncomfortable pressure,
fullness, squeezing or pain in the chest.

6. RISK FACTORS OF
CVD YOU CAN
CONTROL
 Tobacco use
 Obesity
 Diabetes mellitus
 High cholesterol level
 Physical inactivity
 High blood pressure
 Stress
 Alcohol use

7.  Age:- Growing older increases the risk of
damaged and narrowed arteries and a weekend
or thickened heart muscle.
 Sex:- Men are generally at greater risk
 Family history
RISK FACTORS OF CVD
YOU HAVE NO
CONTROL OF

8. Smoking causes CVD by changing blood chemistry. These changes in
blood chemistry can cause plaque- a waxy substance comprised of
cholesterol, scar tissue, calcium, fat or other material to buildup in the
arteries, the major blood vessels that carry blood from heart to our body.
WHAT SMOKING
DOES TO OUR
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Conditions it causes: Atherosclerosis
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension
Heart attack
Stroke
Peripheral artery disease
Abdominal artery
aneurysm

9. QUITTING SMOKING
IS HELPFUL FOR OUR
HEART HEALTH
 Twenty minutes after you quit smoking, your heart
rate drops that was earlier raised due to smoking.
 Just 12 hours after quitting smoking, the carbon
monoxide level in our blood drops to normal,
allowing more oxygen to vital organs like our heart.
 Within 4 years of quitting, your risk of stroke drops to
that of lifetime nonsmokers.
Although quitting smoking is difficult but
it is achievable.

10. OBESITY
BMI = >30
(BODY MASS INDEX)
OBESITY &
HYPERTENSION
Obese person
Heart has to work harder to pump the blood
Strain on arteries
Arteries resist the flow of blood
Causing blood pressure to rise
Hypertension

11. DYSLIPIDEMIA IN
OBESITY
DYSLIPIDEMIA:- Elevated plasma triglycerides
Low high density lipoproteins
High plasma concentrations of apolipoproteins & B
containing lipoproteins.
Cause: Overproduction of very low density lipoprotein
sed catabolism of apoB-containing particles
sed catabolism of HDL particles
Obesity- Increases risk of atherosclerosis,
insulin resistance and CAD.
“Bad cholesterol or ‘LDL’ , collects in arteries
where it forms plaque, a waxy substance that
narrow the arteries”.

12. DIABETES & HEART
DISEASES
 High blood glucose levels in blood damage
your blood vessels and the nerves that control
your heart and blood vessels.
 Adults with diabetes are nearly twice bas likely
to have heart diseases or stroke.

13. HOW TO CONTROL
OBESITY, HTN &
DIABETES
• DIET PLAN:-
Fruits & vegetables
Whole Grains
Lean proteins
Legumes, such as peas and beans
Good fats – Mono or polyunsaturated fats such as avocados, nuts,
olive & peanut oils.
Low or non fat dairy products such as milk and cheese
Diet i.e; high in fibres and nutrients like potassium, calcium and
magnesium.
Heart healthy fish – twice a week eg. Salmon, mackerel, tuna and
sardines.

14. FOODS TO
AVOID
• Saturated fats:- High- fat dairy products such as
butter, beef, hot dogs sausage.
• Trans fats:- Present in processed snacks, baked
goods.
• Cholesterol:- High-fat diary and animal products
such as proteins, egg yolks, liver and other organ
meats.
• Sodium:- Aim for < 2300 mg of sodium a day
DRUGS
Medicines must be taken to control
HTN, diabetes and dyslipidemia.

15. EXERCISES
 Brisk walking
 Walking
 Running
 Swimming
 Cycling
 Jumping rope
 Aerobic Exercise at least 150 minutes /week

16. STRESS & HEART
DISEASES
 As a result of long term stress cortisol is released in our
body.
 High levels of cortisol can increase blood cholesterol,
triglycerides, blood sugar and blood pressure.
MANAGEMENT OF
STRESS
 Plenty of exercise
 Build a strong support system :- Being married, having
someone you can talk to and trust
 Belonging to organizations or a religion
 Meditation and Yoga

17. ALCOHOL EFFECT ON
HEART
Regularly drinking too much alcohol and having
high BP puts pressure on the heart muscle and
can lead lead to cardiovascular disease.
• Patients with high BP should cut off alcohol
consumption .
• ‘BINGE pattern’(5 or more drinks at one
time for man, 4 or more for woman) of
drinking should be avoided.