CVDs & their MNTs

1. Cardiovascular diseases
(CVDs) & their
MNTs
Presented by
Babar Ali
Naseem Abbas
Presented to
Dn. Nadia Hameed

2. Definition
CVDs are a group of disorders of the
heart and blood vessels and include
coronary heart disease,
cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic
heart disease and other conditions.

3. There are a lot number of CVDs but we will discuss most common CVDs only.
01
Coronary artery diseases
(CAD)
03
02
04
Types of CVDs
Peripheral arterial disease
(PAD)
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
(MI)

4. Coronary artery diseases (CAD)
Coronary artery disease is caused
by plaque buildup in the wall of
the arteries that supply blood to
the heart (called coronary
arteries).

5. Stages of Coronary artery diseases
• Normal
• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe plaque

6. • Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
• Weakness
• Light-headedness,
• Nausea (feeling sick to your stomach)
• Cold sweat
• Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder.
• Shortness of breath.
Signs and symptoms of CAD

7. • Diabetes or insulin resistance
• High blood pressure
• Not getting enough exercise (sedentary lifestyle)
• Smoking or tobacco use
• High cholesterol
• Obesity
Causes and Risk Factors of CAD

8. • Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
• Echocardiogram.
• Exercise stress test.
• Nuclear stress test.
• Heart (cardiac) CT scan.
• Cardiac catheterization and angiogram.
Recommended tests for the diagnose
of CAD

9. • Coronary angioplasty.
• Coronary artery bypass graft.
• Heart transplant.
Treatments of CAD

10. • Don't smoke.
• Control blood pressure.
• Manage cholesterol.
• Check your blood sugar.
• Eat heart-healthy foods.
• Avoid or limit alcohol.
• Get moving.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
Lifestyle and home remedies for the
treatments of CAD

11. Additional recommendations:
Increase Physical Activity Maintain a Healthy Weight Quit Smoking
Manage Stress Take Medications as Prescribed
What to eat:
• Fruits and Vegetables
• Whole Grains
• Lean Protein
• Healthy Fats
What to avoid:
• Saturated and Trans Fats
• Sodium
• Added Sugars
• Alcohol
Lifestyle and home remedies for the
treatments of CAD

12. Stroke / Brain attack
A stroke occurs when something
blocks the blood supply to part
of the brain or when a blood
vessel in the brain bursts.

13. Types of stroke
• Ischemic stroke.
• Hemorrhagic stroke.

14. Signs and symptoms of Stroke

15. • High blood pressure.
• Diabetes.
• Heart and blood vessel diseases
• High LDL cholesterol levels.
• Smoking.
• Obesity
Causes and Risk Factors of CAD
National Institutes of Health (.gov)

16. • Brain CT
• Brain MRI
• ECG
• CBC
• Carotid ultrasound
• Echocardiography
Recommended tests for the diagnose
of stroke

17. Treatments of CAD
Ninkatec

18. Lifestyle and home remedies for the
treatments of stroke

19. Additional recommendations:
Maintain a healthy weight Stay physically active Quit smoking
What to eat:
• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Lean protein
• Low-fat dairy
• Healthy fats
What to avoid:
• What to avoid:
• Sodium
• Saturated and trans fats
• Sugar
• Alcohol
Lifestyle and home remedies for the
treatments of CAD

20. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Myocardial infarction also known
as heart attack occurs when blood
flow decreases or stops to coronary
artery of heart causing damage to
heart muscles.

21. Causes
Decreased blood flow and less oxygen supply to coronary artery.
 Vasospasm and constriction of coronary artery.
Psychological stress.
Acute severe infections such as Pneumonia.

22. Risk Factors
High blood pressure: can damage arteries and accelerate the buildup of
plaque.
Smoking :may increase your risk for heart attack and lead to other
cardiovascular conditions
Family history : more likely to have a heart attack if you have a family history of
heart attack is high.
Stress : stress may also be a trigger for acute myocardial infarction.
Physical inactivity : Getting regular exercise can help keep your heart healthy by
helping you maintain a moderate weight,
Un health Diet : Diet rich in high saturated fats , high sugars and salts and LDL
cholesterol .

23. Symptoms of heart attack
• Chest pain or discomfort.
• Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint.
• Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
• Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders.
• Shortness of breath.

24. Diagnostic evaluation
Patient history
ECG
Angiography
Elevated white blood cells count and sedimentation rate
due to inflammation.

25. Foods to avoid
 Fried Chicken
 Butter
 Potato Chips
 High Sugary foods such as Chocolate, cakes, full-sugar soft drinks, butter and ice cream
 High salty foods such as Smoked, cured, salted or canned meat, fish or poultry including
bacon, cold cuts, ham.
 Salted nuts.
 Beans canned with salt added.
 Saturated fats such as butter, ghee, suet, lard, coconut oil and palm oil
 cakes
 Biscuits, fatty cuts of meat, cheese and pastries

26. Medical Nutrition Therapy
Foods to take:
 Fish and fish oil
 Olive oil
 Almonds
 Green vegetables such as green beans,
 spinach, Broccoli and garlic
 Fresh fruits orange, pine apple and fresh grapes.
 Coconut water.
 Nuts, seeds, and soy products.
 Legumes such as kidney beans, lentils, chickpeas.
 Lean meats such as 95% lean ground beef and skinless chicken .

27. Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Arterial Disease is a
medical condition caused by blockages
of the arteries that provide blood flow
to the arms or legs.
the arteries become blocked by
cholesterol plaque caused by
atherosclerosis.

28. Symptoms of Peripheral Arterial Disease
The most common complaint that is caused by PAD is leg pain
brought on by walking .
This leg pain is also known as intermittent claudication.
Pain in legs and feet at rest.
Sore (ulcer) on leg that does not heal.
 Arm pain with exertion.
 Different blood pressures in the right and left arms of more than
15 points .

29. Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease
 Smoking
Diabetes
High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
Advanced age (greater than 70 years)

30. Treatment
patients with PAD need to quit smoking completely.
Take regular exercise 4 to 5 times per week for 30 minutes.
Revascularization refers to a procedure that restores blood flow in a limb that is supplied by
blocked arteries.
Healthy Diet:
 Fish and fish oil
 Olive oil
 Almonds
 Green vegetables such as green beans,
 spinach, Broccoli and garlic
 Fresh fruits orange, pine apple and fresh grapes.
 Coconut water.
 Nuts, seeds, and soy products.
 Legumes such as kidney beans, lentils, chickpeas.
 Lean meats such as 95% lean ground beef and skinless chicken.

31. Foods to avoid
Avoid all foods that causes myocardia infarction.
 High Sugary foods such as Chocolate, cakes, full-sugar soft
drinks
Saturated fats such as butter, ghee.
fatty cuts of meat
cheese
Pastries
Salted nuts

33. Any Question?