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BLOOD
PRESSURE
Miss . KALYANI R. SAUDAGAR
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is a pressure of blood exerted on the walls of artery
Risk factor
Gender
High blood pressure tends to run in families.
Age
The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age. Until about age 64, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop
high blood pressure after age 65.Heredity
Faulty eating habits
Sedentary life style
People who are inactive tend to have higher heart rates. The higher your heart rate, the harder your heart must work with each contraction and the stronger
the force on your arteries. Lack of physical activity also increases the risk of being overweight.
Addictions
smoking and alcohol
Stress
High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Stress-related habits such as eating more, using tobacco or drinking alcohol can
lead to further increases in blood pressure.
Obesity
The more you weigh, the more blood you need to supply oxygen and nutrients to your tissues. As the amount of blood blow through your blood vessels
increases, so does the pressure on your artery walls.
Too much salt (sodium) in your diet
Too much sodium in your diet can cause your body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure.
Certain chronic conditions
Certain chronic conditions also may increase your risk of high blood pressure, including kidney disease, diabetes and sleep apnea
Symptoms
Silent killer- no symptoms
Headache
Sweating
General weakness
Swelling over legs

Breathlessness etc
Assessment tools
Ideal body weight (IBW)
Height(cm) -100
Body mass index (BMI)=<23
Weight(kg)/height (m)2
Waist circumference
Men<90cms
Women<80cms
Waist hip ratio (WHR)
Men <1.0
Women <0.8
B.P. MEASUREMENT
HEIGH
 Systolic 140 or above
 Diastolic 90 or above

PRE HEIGH
 Systolic between 121-139
 Diastolic Between 81-89
NORMAL
 Systolic 120 or less
 Diastolic 80 or less
Investigation
BSL
Serum Creatinine
Lipid profile
ECG

Stress test

Ecocardiography
Complication
Uncontrolled high blood pressure :
can lead to complications including : Heart attack or stroke.
High blood pressure can cause hardening and thickening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which can lead to a heart attack, stroke
or other complications.
Aneurysm :
Increased blood pressure can cause your blood vessels to weaken and bulge, forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can
be life-threatening.
Heart failure :
To pump blood against the higher pressure in your vessels, the heart has to work harder. This causes the walls of the heart's
pumping chamber to thicken (left ventricular hypertrophy). Eventually, the thickened muscle may have a hard time pumping
enough blood to meet your body's needs, which can lead to heart failure.
Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys. This can prevent these organs from functioning normally. Thickened,
narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes. This can result in vision loss.
Metabolic syndrome:
 This syndrome is a group of disorders of your body's metabolism, including increased waist size, high triglycerides, decreased
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol), high blood pressure and high insulin levels. These conditions
make you more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
Trouble with memory or understanding. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may also affect your ability to think, remember and
learn. Trouble with memory or understanding concepts is more common in people with high blood pressure.
Dementia :
Narrowed or blocked arteries can limit blood flow to the brain, leading to a certain type of dementia (vascular dementia). A stroke
that interrupts blood flow to the brain also can cause vascular dementia.
Management
Life style modification is the key!
Medication
Diet
 Include more of fresh fruit and vegetables
drink plenty of fluids like buttermilk Lemon water, coconut water,
use nonstick utensils, use oils in combination
use 500ml of oil /person/month(3-4tsp/day)
Onion, flexseedS, almond, walnut,
rice bran ,wheat bran, green tea
Exercise
eat less walk more,
aerobic at least 150min/week, Muscle strengthing alternate days,
Yoga suryanamskar everday
 Pranayama, meditation.
Stress management

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Blood pressure

  • 2. What is blood pressure? Blood pressure is a pressure of blood exerted on the walls of artery Risk factor Gender High blood pressure tends to run in families. Age The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age. Until about age 64, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure after age 65.Heredity Faulty eating habits Sedentary life style People who are inactive tend to have higher heart rates. The higher your heart rate, the harder your heart must work with each contraction and the stronger the force on your arteries. Lack of physical activity also increases the risk of being overweight. Addictions smoking and alcohol Stress High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Stress-related habits such as eating more, using tobacco or drinking alcohol can lead to further increases in blood pressure. Obesity The more you weigh, the more blood you need to supply oxygen and nutrients to your tissues. As the amount of blood blow through your blood vessels increases, so does the pressure on your artery walls. Too much salt (sodium) in your diet Too much sodium in your diet can cause your body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure. Certain chronic conditions Certain chronic conditions also may increase your risk of high blood pressure, including kidney disease, diabetes and sleep apnea
  • 3. Symptoms Silent killer- no symptoms Headache Sweating General weakness Swelling over legs  Breathlessness etc
  • 4. Assessment tools Ideal body weight (IBW) Height(cm) -100 Body mass index (BMI)=<23 Weight(kg)/height (m)2 Waist circumference Men<90cms Women<80cms Waist hip ratio (WHR) Men <1.0 Women <0.8
  • 5. B.P. MEASUREMENT HEIGH  Systolic 140 or above  Diastolic 90 or above  PRE HEIGH  Systolic between 121-139  Diastolic Between 81-89 NORMAL  Systolic 120 or less  Diastolic 80 or less
  • 7. Complication Uncontrolled high blood pressure : can lead to complications including : Heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can cause hardening and thickening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications. Aneurysm : Increased blood pressure can cause your blood vessels to weaken and bulge, forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can be life-threatening. Heart failure : To pump blood against the higher pressure in your vessels, the heart has to work harder. This causes the walls of the heart's pumping chamber to thicken (left ventricular hypertrophy). Eventually, the thickened muscle may have a hard time pumping enough blood to meet your body's needs, which can lead to heart failure. Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys. This can prevent these organs from functioning normally. Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes. This can result in vision loss. Metabolic syndrome:  This syndrome is a group of disorders of your body's metabolism, including increased waist size, high triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol), high blood pressure and high insulin levels. These conditions make you more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Trouble with memory or understanding. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may also affect your ability to think, remember and learn. Trouble with memory or understanding concepts is more common in people with high blood pressure. Dementia : Narrowed or blocked arteries can limit blood flow to the brain, leading to a certain type of dementia (vascular dementia). A stroke that interrupts blood flow to the brain also can cause vascular dementia.
  • 8. Management Life style modification is the key! Medication Diet  Include more of fresh fruit and vegetables drink plenty of fluids like buttermilk Lemon water, coconut water, use nonstick utensils, use oils in combination use 500ml of oil /person/month(3-4tsp/day) Onion, flexseedS, almond, walnut, rice bran ,wheat bran, green tea Exercise eat less walk more, aerobic at least 150min/week, Muscle strengthing alternate days, Yoga suryanamskar everday  Pranayama, meditation. Stress management