Physical and cognitive development occurs rapidly in early childhood between ages 3-5. Children experience steady growth and development in their bodies, brains, motor skills, health, cognition, memory, language and theory of mind during this period. Key developments include continued brain growth, improved fine motor skills, emerging abilities in logical thinking and reasoning, longer attention spans, and understanding that others may have different beliefs or perspectives. Proper nutrition is important for supporting physical, cognitive and behavioral development during the preschool years.
ABS-CBN Memories with Zab Ademarrab and 6 others.
September 18 at 9:45pm ·
PINOY MANO-MANO: Celebrity Boxing Challenge (2007-2008).
Hosted By Cesar Montano & Bayani Agbayani
ABS-CBN Memories with Zab Ademarrab and 6 others.
September 18 at 9:45pm ·
PINOY MANO-MANO: Celebrity Boxing Challenge (2007-2008).
Hosted By Cesar Montano & Bayani Agbayani
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also understanding the nature of intelligence. He divided it into four stages of development.
This lesson explores the various aspects of growth and development in early choldhood. It goes on to examine the milestones and the significance of a red flag. The physical, cognitive, aural, linguistic, ethical, socio-emnotional aspects are dealt with in detail.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also understanding the nature of intelligence. He divided it into four stages of development.
This lesson explores the various aspects of growth and development in early choldhood. It goes on to examine the milestones and the significance of a red flag. The physical, cognitive, aural, linguistic, ethical, socio-emnotional aspects are dealt with in detail.
Pre-schoolers: growth, development, nutritional and cognitive developmentPreethi Sivagnanam
this ppt describes about the importance of food during pre-school period, growth and development during this period, need for planning a nutritious diet and states the cognitive development during this period.
Milestones are very often referred to as red flags. this chapter differentiates between the growth and development, deals with the body types and the factors of evelopment. The stages of development from infancy to middle childhood are dealt with in this chapgter. It also deals with the aspects of development
Growth & development - Physical Education - Grade 10Pramila Kudva
Growth and development are important as pect of physical education. It is important to understand the principles of development, differentiate between growth and development. this presentation also deals with maturation and learning and a brief over view of all the stages of development.
Adolescence Period And Stages, Need, importance, CharacteristicsDrVandanaBEdMEdLectu
I have explained here the period of adolescents and stages of adolescents ,meaning and definition, characteristics. Need of Adolescents, problems of adolescents. Education of Adolescents.
Gifted 201: A sampler of advanced topics in giftednessCarolyn K.
A sampler of the next topics in Gifted Education:
Social / Emotional Needs
Testing and Assessment
Academic Acceleration
OverExcitabilities (OEs)
Underachievement
by Hoagies' Gifted Education Page
1. Chapter 5
Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Childhood
3-5 Years-of-Age
PowerPoints developed by Jenni Fauchier,
Butchered by Professor Carney
3-5 Years-of-Age
3. How Does a Young Child’s Body and Brain Grow and Change?
Intimate Moment
• Did the parents handle the situation well?
• What could they have done differently?
3-5 Years-of-Age
4. Physical Development
• Early childhood 3-5 yrs.
– Growth rate slows
• About 2 ½” per year
• 5-7 lbs.
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3-5 Years-of-Age
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6. Physical Development
• Girls
– Slightly smaller & lighter
– More fatty tissue
• Boys
–
–
–
–
–
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More muscle tissue
Heads still large for bodies
Body fat slow, steady decline
Body slims & trunks lengthen
Increasingly aware of their bodies
3-5 Years-of-Age
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7. Variations in Growth
• Most important factors to height
differences:
– 1. Ethnic origin (heredity)
• African-American’s taller than white children
– 2. Nutrition (environment)
3-5 Years-of-Age
8. Variations in Growth
• Growth patterns vary
– Due to heredity mostly
– Environment
• Environmental
– Urban
• Middle class
• 1st born children
– Taller than
• Rural
• Lower class
• Later-born children
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3-5 Years-of-Age
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9. Brain and Nervous System
Development
• Cognitive abilities improve
– Brain maturation
– Opportunities for experience?
• Plan actions
• Attend to stimuli more effectively
• Increased language development
• Brain material doubles in a year
– Some areas
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3-5 Years-of-Age
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10. Brain and Nervous System
Development
• Prefrontal
Cortex
– Evolutionary
advanced
• 3-6 extensive
development
– Attention
– Working
memory
• Pruning
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3-5 Years-of-Age
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11. Neurons
• Dendrites increase
– Number
– Size
• Myelination
continues
– Relates to
improvement of
abilities
• Hand-eye
coordination
– Complete age 4
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3-5 Years-of-Age
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13. Gross Motor Skills
• 3 years
– Hopping, jumping, & running back & forth
– Like to show off skills
• 4 years of age
– More adventurous
– Increased abilities on steps
• Age 5
– Even more adventuresome
– Run hard
– Enjoy races with each other & parents
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3-5 Years-of-Age
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14. Fine Motor Skills
• Age 3:
– Can pick up tiny objects
• Clumsy
– Build high towers
• Age 4:
– Much more precise
• Age 5:
– Hand, arm, & body all move together
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15. Motor Skills
• Recall your favorite early childhood activities.
• Did you prefer gross motor oriented activities
or fine motor oriented activities?
• How did you spend most of your time?
• Do you remember any activity that you wanted
to be able to participate in, but you were not
physically coordinated enough to do?
• Can you recall a time of triumph, when you
accomplished a particular feat for the first
time?
3-5 Years-of-Age
16. What Are Some Aspects of Young Children’s Health?
Nutrition
• Energy needs
– Calorie needs increase with age
– Needs vary by age, sex, & size
• Preschooler
• Up to 1,800 calories per day.
• Diets worsen as children age
– Why?
• Today’s meals exceed dietary needs
• Eating influenced by?
8
3-5 Years-of-Age
17. What Are Some Aspects of Young Children’s Health?
Nutrition
• Malnutrition Low-Income Families
– Most common:
• Iron deficiency anemia
– Causes chronic fatigue
– Less
• Fresh fruits
• Vegetables
• Education
– More processed foods
• Linked to cognitive deficits, physical growth
• Can improve with use of U.S. food programs
• Linked to behavioral, conduct problems
3-5 Years-of-Age
20. Three Views of Cognitive Changes in Early Childhood
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
• Not yet capable of operations
• What is an operation?
• Operations definition:
– Internalized set of actions highly organized
& conform to principles of logic.
• Do mentally what was done physically
before.
– Ex: Math problems in head
» Not yet capable
3-5 Years-of-Age
23. Three Views of Cognitive Changes in Early Childhood
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
• 1. Symbolic Function Stage, Age 2 –
4
– Creates mental images of objects
• Store for later use
– Disneyland
– Imaginative drawings
– Mentally represent object not present
• Ex: Scribbles represent people
– Awareness of what scribble represents even
over time. 3-5 Years-of-Age
25. Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
• 1. Symbolic Function Stage
Cont.
– Thoughts limited beliefs:
• Egocentrism:
–Inability to see things from
another person's point of view.
»What happens if parents
divorce at this stage?
3-5 Years-of-Age
26. Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
• Symbolic Function Stage Cont.
– Animistic Thinking
• Imagining that inanimate objects
have life & mental processes.
– Child trips over coffee table, what will
they say?
3-5 Years-of-Age
27. Three Views of Cognitive Changes in Early Childhood
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
• 2. Substage: Intuitive Thought
– @ 4 - 7 yrs. of age
– Primitive reasoning
• Can’t answer “what if” questions.
– Have many questions
• “What makes you grow?”
3-5 Years-of-Age
28. Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
Intuitive Thought Cont.
• Limits in preoperational thought
• Do not understand at this stage:
– Centration:
• Salient: Focusing attention on 1
characteristic to exclusion of others
– Conservation:
• Realizes altering object’s substance does
not change it quantitatively
3-5 Years-of-Age
29. Information Processing
• 2 ways preschool child’s attention
deficient:
– 1. Salient vs. relevant dimensions
• Salient means
– Attention to what stands out
• Flashy clown presents directions
– Remembers clown
– Forget instructions
» By 6 or 7
» Pay attention to directions
3-5 Years-of-Age
30. Information-Processing Approach
• 2. Planfulness
– Preschool
• 2 pictures are they the same?
• Look quickly, make a decision without
examining details
– 6-7
• Compare one detail at a time
3-5 Years-of-Age
32. Memory
• Short-term memory
– Retain information for @ 30 sec.
– Rehearsal
• (repeating information )
• Keeps information in short-term memory
longer
• Older children better able to rehearse
– Memory becomes more accurate
3-5 Years-of-Age
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33. Factors Influencing Accuracy of
Memory
• Susceptible to misleading or incorrect postevent information
• Individual differences in suggestibility
• Interviewing techniques can produce
distortions
– Suggestible
• Small details
• Central aspects of event
– Interviewing kids about child abuse?
3-5 Years-of-Age
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35. Theory of Mind
• Theory of Mind
– Awareness of one’s own mental processes &
the mental processes of others
• Children’s theory of mind changes as
they develop
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36. Theory of Mind:
Beyond age 5
• Not until middle & late childhood
– Move from understanding that beliefs
can be false
• to
– Realizing same event can be open to
multiple interpretations
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39. Language Development
• Between 2 & 3
– Transition from
• Simple sentences that express a single
proposition
– to
• Saying complex sentences
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