Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist and genetic epistemologist. He is most famously known for his theory of cognitive development.

1. JEAN PIAGET
THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Janica L. Caldona
Registered Social Worker

2. • Piaget was 10 years old when he published his first article on an albino
sparrow
• Piaget was 21 years old when he earns his PhD and heads off the work at the
Binet laboratory with Theophile Simon and Alfred Binet

3. Jean Piaget Biography (1896-1980)
Jean Piaget (left), 1972. Verhoeff,
Bert / Anefo / Nationaal Archief /
Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist and genetic
epistemologist.
He is most famously known for his theory of cognitive
development that looked at how children develop
intellectually throughout the course of childhood.
Prior to Piaget's theory, children were often thought of
simply as mini-adults.
His theory had a tremendous influence on emergence of
developmental psychology as a distinctive subfield within
psychology and contributed greatly to the field of
education.
He is also credited as a pioneer of the constructivist
theory, which suggests that people actively construct their
knowledge of the world based on the interactions between
their ideas and their experiences.

4. Piaget was ranked as the second most
influential psychologist of the twentieth-
century in one 2002 survey.
https://www.verywellmind.com/jean-piaget-biography-1896-1980-2795549

5. His Interest In Science Began Early in Life
Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland on August 9, 1896
and began showing an interest in the natural sciences at a
very early age. By age 11, he had already started his career
as a researcher by writing a short paper on an albino
sparrow. He continued to study the natural sciences and
received his Ph.D. in Zoology from University of
Neuchâtel in 1918.

6. His Work With Binet Helped Inspire His Interest In
Intellectual Development
Piaget later developed an interest in psychoanalysis, and spent a year working at a boys'
institution created by Alfred Binet. Binet is known as the developer of the world's first intelligence
test and Piaget took part in scoring these assessments.
While his early career consisted of work in the natural sciences, it was during the 1920s that he
began to move toward work as a psychologist. He married Valentine Châtenay in 1923 and the
couple went on to have three children.
It was Piaget's observations of his own children that served as the basis for many of his later
theories.

7. Piaget's Theory: Discovering the Roots of
Knowledge
"What the genetic epistemology proposes is discovering the
roots of the different varieties of knowledge, since its
elementary forms, following to the next levels, including also
the scientific knowledge," Piaget’ explained in his book Genetic Epistemology.

8. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the origin,
nature, extent and limits of human knowledge. He was interested not only in the nature of
thought, but in how it develops and understanding how genetics impact this process.

9. His early work with Binet's intelligence tests had led him to conclude
that children think differently than adults.

10. SCHEME VS. SCHEMA IN PIAGET’S THEORY
A SCHEME is stabilized activity organized to gather and interpret information about objects in the
world.
A SCHEMA is stabilized information about features of the objects in the world, such as color, shape,
texture, taste, sound and the like.
Children sort the knowledge they acquire through their experiences and
interactions into groupings known as schemas
When new information is acquired, it can either be assimilated into existing
schemas or accomodated through revising and existing schema or creating
an entirely new category of information.

11. (1) The sensorimotor stage: The first stage of development lasts from birth to approximately
age two. At this point in development, children know the world primarily through their senses
and motor movements.
(2) The preoperational stage: The second stage of development lasts from the ages of two to
seven and is characterized by the development of language and the emergence of symbolic
play.
(3) The concrete operational stage: The third stage of cognitive development lasts from the
ages of seven to approximately age 11. At this point, logical thought emerges but children still
struggle with abstract and theoretical thinking.
(4) Tthe formal operation stage: In the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, lasting
from age 12 and into adulthood, children become much more adept and abstract thought and
deductive reasoning.
THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
4 STAGES

12. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
suggests that children move through four
different stages of mental development. His
theory focuses not only on understanding how
children acquire knowledge, but also on
understanding the nature of intelligence.

13. • SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: Birth to 2 years
• PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 2 to 7
• CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 7 to 11
• FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 12 and up

14. SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Ages: Birth to 2 Years
Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:
- The infant knows the world through their movements and sensations.
- Children learn about the world through basic actions such as sucking, grasping,
looking and listening.
- Infants learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen (object
permanence)
- They are separate beings from the people and objects around them.
- They realize that their actions are cause things to happen in the world around them.

15. WHAT HAPPENED DURING
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE?
• During this stage, infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory
experiences and manipulating objects. A child’s entire experience at the
earliest period of this stage occurs through basic reflexes, senses and
responses.
• The children go through a period of dramatic growth and learning. They
continually making new discoveries about how the world works.

16. The cognitive development during
sensorimotor stage
Piaget believed that developing object permanence or object constancy, the
understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen,
was an important element at this point of development. By learning that
objects are separate and distinct entities and that they have an existence of
their own outside of individual perception, children are then able to begin to
attach names and words to objects.

17. Preoperational Stage of Cognitive
Development
-is the second stage in Piaget's theory of
cognitive development.
-During this stage, children begin to engage
in symbolic play and learn to manipulate
symbols. However, Piaget noted that they
do not yet understand concrete logic.
-Language development is one of the
hallmarks of this period.

18. • SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: Birth to 2 years
• PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 2 to 7
• CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 7 to 11
• FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 12 and up

19. Egocentrism
• is the inability to differentiate between self and other. More specifically, it is
the inability to untangle subjective schemas from objective reality and an
inability to
• To understand or assume any perspective other than one's own. Baron and
Hanna looked at 152 participants and tested to see how the presence
of depression affected egocentrism. They tested adults between the ages of
18 and 25 and found that the participants who suffered from depression
showed higher levels of egocentrism than those who did not.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egocentrism

20. UNDERSTANDING EGOCENTRISM
Egocentrism manifests itself in ontological and logical forms. Ontological
egocentrism is due to fuzzy ego-boundaries and the failure to clearly
demarcate the subjective from the objective.
“The child vivifies the external world and materialises the internal universe.”
Realism, animism and artificialism gradually disappear as the child becomes
aware of her own subjectivity
Piaget’s books on Piaget, 1923/1926, Piaget, 1924/1972, Piaget, 1926/1929), and The Child’s Conception of
Physical Causality (1927/1930) present in detail many features of egocentric thinking.

21. Logical egocentrism is on display in a variety
of different phenomena
• First, egocentric speech is a manifestation of logical egocentrism
Egocentric speech refers to the phenomenon that a large proportion of
children’s speech consists of collective monologues (i.e., children are talking
without listening to each other). Second, logical egocentrism is linked to
the failure to properly understand relational concepts such as “brother” or
foreigner
• Third, children do not feel the need to supply proofs for their statements and
are not aware of contradictions

22. Concrete Operational Stage of
Cognitive Development
• is characterized by the development of logical thought. While their thinking
still tends to be very concrete, children become much more logical and
sophisticated in their thinking during this stage of development.
• transition between earlier stages of development and the coming stage where
kids will learn how to think more abstractly and hypothetically

23. • SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: Birth to 2 years
• PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 2 to 7
• CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 7 to 11
• FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 12 and up

24. Understanding Logic
• Inductive logic involves going from a specific experience to a general
principle. An example of inductive logic would be noticing that every time
you are around a cat, you have itchy eyes, a runny nose, and a swollen throat.
You might then reason from that experience that you are allergic to cats.
• Deductive logic, which involves using a general principle to determine the
outcome of a specific event. For example, a child might learn that A=B, and
B=C, but might still struggle to understand that A=C.

25. Understanding Reversibility
• reversibility or awareness that actions can be
reversed.
An example of reversibility is that a child might be able
to recognize that his or her dog is a Labrador, that a
Labrador is a dog, and that a dog is an animal.
https://www.verywellmind.com/concrete-operational-stage-of-
cognitive-development-2795458

26. Formal Operational Stage of
Cognitive Development
• It begins at approximately age 12 and lasts into
adulthood.
• At this point in development, thinking becomes
much more sophisticated and advanced. Kids can
think about abstract and theoretical concepts and
use logic to come up with creative solutions to
problems. Skills such as logical thought,
deductive reasoning, and systematic planning
also emerge during this stage.

27. Problem-Solving
- the ability to systematically solve a problem in a logical and methodical way
emerges. Children at the formal operational stage of cognitive development
are often able to plan quickly an organized approach to solving a problem.

28. "hypothetico-deductive reasoning"
• "what-if" type situations and questions and can think about multiple
solutions or possible outcomes.
• They also develop what is known as metacognition, or the ability to
think about their thoughts as well as the ideas of others.
https://www.verywellmind.com/formal-operational-stage-of-
cognitive-development-2795459