LIBRARY FACILITIES, RESOURCES AND SERVICES TO DISTANCE LEARNERS

ಸ್ವಾಗತ: Welcome To All
Ph.D. Viva-Voce Examination : 26.09.2020
Most Respected,
• Dr.Bhojaraju Gunjal, Dy.Librarian, NIT Library, Odisa &
Chairman of Today`s Ph.D.Viva-Voce Examination
• Prof. Anuradha Madam garu, Hon`ble Vice-Chancellor,
Dean, Sci. & Tech., Dravidian University, Kuppam
• Prof. M.Doraswamy garu, Head & Chairman, BoS,
• Dr.M.Anjaiah garu, My Guide, Dept. of Library &
Information Science, Dravidian University and other
participants.
GOOD MORNING TO ALL

Ph.D. Topic:
Library Resources, Library Facilities and Library Support
Services To Distance Learners In Selected Open Universities
In India- A Study
By
Research Scholar
A. G. KOTRESHAPPA
(Regular Part-Time)
(Reg. No. 2011PHDPLS38)
Research Supervisor
Dr. M. ANJAIAH,Asst.Professor (Sr.Scale)
M.A., M. Lib.& I.Sc., SLET, Ph.D.
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Dravidian University-KUPPAM- 517 426
Date: 26th September,2020
29/26/2020

Lay-out of Study
The present study is divided into Seven (7) chapters. They are
mentioned as below:
• Chapter-I: Introduction
This chapter deals with the meaning, definitions and importance
of distance education, role of libraries, types of libraries, library
facilities, library resources and library support services to Open
and Distance Learners (ODL), Statement of The Problem, Pilot
Study, Research Methodology, Objectives, Hypotheses, Scope and
Limitations and Chapterisation of the study.
• Chapter-II: Review of Related Literature
This chapter deals with the related review of literature, such as
Role of libraries in distance education, students support services,
library support services, librarianship, off-campus students and so
on.
39/26/2020

Conti..
• Chapter-III: History and Development of Distance Education in India &
Abroad: An Overview
This chapter discuss about the distance education, its evolution,
historical background, and development in India and different
educational policies of Indian Government on open and distance (ODL)
has adopted also discussed.
• Chapter-IV: Learner Support Services (LSS) in Open and Distance
Education in India
This chapter speaks about the learner support services (LSS), its Need,
Importance, distance learners problems, Personal Contact Programmes
(PCP), library resource sharing facilities, and the National Knowledge
Commission (NKC) and ODL system, SMS Alert Service, Introduction-
cum-Orientation Programme, the National Education Commission (Draft
of NEP-2019) on strengthening the open and distance system and
SWAYAM- MOOC programmes, Preparation of Calender of Academic
Activities and Assignments were discussed in detail.
49/26/2020

Conti..
• Chapter-V: Profiles of the Indira Gandhi National Open
University (IGNOU) and Karnataka State Open University
(KSOU)
This chapter discusses brief profiles of IGNOU and KSOU
of Bangalore Region, Karnataka State.
• Chapter-VI: Data Analysis and Interpretation
This sixth chapter deals with analysis and presentation of
the data.
• Chapter-VII: Findings, Conclusion, and Suggestions
The Seventh chapter provides findings, conclusion and
suggestions based on the present study and topics for
further research.
59/26/2020

I N T R O D U C T I O N
“Distance Education is the Salient Revolution in the Field of
Education”.Prof. G.Ram Reddy (Father of Distance Education in India)
• Education is an integral part of the country’s
development process.
• Education is an essential tool for the manifold
development of an individual.
• Education is a sure and tried instrument of
Development .
• Hence, efforts have been increasing for speedy
spread of education all over the world.
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Conventional Education
• The conventional system of higher education
is very costly and its further expansion is
limited by financial and physical constraints.
• But, more and more aspire for higher
education in addition to the under-privileged,
physically handicapped, the rejected and the
push outs, washouts and dropouts who are
keen on taking a ‘second chance’ to build their
careers.
8

Distance Education System..
• Distance Education (DE) is an innovative and
flexible system for imparting education to
varied target groups at different levels.
• As compared to the age-old conventional or
classroom system, distance education may be
regarded as an infant.
• But to the surprise of all it has grown quite
big and created a sort of revolution in the
educational field. It has earned world-wide
credibility.
9

DISTANCE EDUCATION/OPEN LEARNING
• Distance Education (DE) is the solution to the
problem in our present day educational system.
• It is no more a step-sister of formal education, but a
compliment and supplement to it.
• Distance education provides open access to higher
education to all those disadvantaged groups who
could not or did not join the formal stream.
• It aims at equalizing educational opportunities and
training people in various arts and crafts to develop
their skills in different jobs.
10

• Besides, being innovative, dynamic,
economical and flexible, it creates a
‘learning society’ and helps improving
professional competence.
• The learner is free to study at his own
pace, in his own style and at his own
convenience. In fact, distance
education brings education into the
homes of a large number of people
hitherto denied such opportunities.
• To put it in distance education
parlance, “If they cannot come to
Aristotle, Let Aristotle go to them.”
11

HISTORY & STATUS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
• In 1869, The United Kingdom Open University (UKOU)
Introduced the Distance Education System(DES) in the name of
Correspondence Courses. Now, Each country introduced this
type of education.
• In India, 1962, The Delhi University started DE System of
Education in the name of Correspondence Courses.
• In 1982, Andhra Pradesh Open University (APOU), now, it is
called as Dr.BR Ambedhkaer Open University, Hyderabad
(DR.BRAOU) established to offer DE programmes.
• It is the FIRST Open University In India at State Level.
• In 1985, The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU),
one of the Mega Open University in the World located at NEW
DELHI
• These two Open Universities ARE the Brain Child of Prof.
G.Ram Reddy 12

OU & DEI in India at A Glance-2020
• At present, there are 15 open universities (OUs) in
India, which are functioning independently, fully
funded by Central Government and providing
different kinds of courses to students from certificate
to Doctoral Programmes At Their –Door Step
• Dual Mode Institutions DEIs): It means, These
Institutions are functioning within the State
Universities, and monitored by them.
• These Institutions are called as Directorate of
Distance Education (DDE)/Correspondence Education
(CEs). These are self- funding Institutions
• At Present, there are nearly, 236 DMIs are
functioning. 13

Distance Education and Libraries
• In Academic Institutions, from School level to
Universities Level, the Libraries Plays an very
Important role in delivering Library Services
• By providing, better library facilities and services to
its users -such as Academic staff, Non-teaching Staff,
and very important component i.e. Students
including Research Scholars.
• But, these libraries were Neglected in India, they are
working only at head quarter level, but, in the west,
they are giving FIRST PRIORITY and working also well.

Review of Literature
• In USA, (1998) the Institute of Personnel and Career
Development at Central Michigan University (CMU)
provides library support including reference and
information services, bibliographic instruction and
document delivery to a large population off-campus
students.
• Adams, Chris (1997), in the article titled, “The Future
of Library Services for Distance Education: What Are
We Doing, Where Are We Heading, What should We
Be Doing” stated that “More Services” need to be
provided with fewer staff, fewer funds, and fewer
resources in a political climate.
15

16
• Watson, E.F. ( 2014) in his article found that, the
main purpose of the United Kingdom Public Library
System is to promote self-education/ Distance
Education. The British Open University does not
have libraries for students at their Regional Study
Centres.
• The students of UKOU depend mainly upon public
library services for their independent studies.
• Perry, Walter. (1982) is his article, “Library Facilities
and Library Services to off-campus students” has
made a study on the Ganzaga University has stated
that the university library was providing to its
learner’s general reference collection and specific
course material and also bibliographic services.

Library Support Services(LSS)
• ‘Library Service’ means providing Lending out
books, Reading Facilities to the users of the library
and also assisting readers to procure book and
relevant information
• The library support services of the distance
learners are identified as;
• lending service, Inter-Library Loan (ILL), reference
service, photocopying service and;
• other services like- general information
• i.e., admission particulars, Job Opportunities,
examinations, results and certificates etc.
17

ROLE OF LIBRARIAN
in Open and Distance Education
18

Statement of the Problem
After reviewing the studies available in this field, it was felt
that most of the studies were conducted mainly on various
aspects relating to Library services in distance education
system, The establishments of various Open Universities have
drastically changed the method of instruction and library
services for the distance learners.
However, some related works have been made in this area
of research, but they are largely general in nature.
In this context, the researcher felt to choose “Library
Resources, Library Facilities, and Library Support Services To
Distance Learners In Selected Open Universities in India-A
Study” as an area of research.
19

METHODOLOGY
• Basically, survey method of research is used
for the present study.
• Random Sampling Method (RSM) was used to
collect the required data from the
respondents
• An attempt is made to compare the data
collected from the two open universities i.e.
IGNOU and KSOU with each other.
• This comparison has helped the researcher in
drawing more realistic conclusions and to
make generalizations.
. 20

21
• The data needed for the study is collected through
systematically planned questionnaires, one to the
distance learners and the other one to the librarians
of the selected Eight (8) Study Centers (CS) of Indhira
Gandhi National Open Universty (IGNOU) and
Karnataka State Open University of Bangalore
Region, Karnataka State.
• A Simple Random Sample of about 575 distance
learners from all the disciplines of both IGNOU and
KSOU are considered for the study.
• The data is obtained largely through open-ended
questionnaires and interviews.
• The data has been statistically analysed and
presented in suitable tables and graphs.

Objectives of the Study:
• To know the importance and need of Selected Open
University Libraries to provide library services to
Open and Distance learners (ODL/DE) in India
• To examine the availability of Library Resources,
Library Facilities and Library Services at IGNOU and
KSOU of Bangalore Urban areas RCs & SCs.
• To know visiting the Library and utilizing of library
resources by the distance learners of IGNOU and
KSOU of RCs & SCs.
22

Objectives of the Study:
• To know the Need and Importance of Open and
Distance Education Libraries in Higher Education.
• To know the status of Regional Centre Library of
IGNOU, Bangalore and Central Library of Mysore,
KSOU of Karnataka State.
• To know the frequency and purpose of visiting the
libraries by distance learners.
• To know the availability and use of library facilities,
resources and services at regional centres and study
centres libraries of KSOU and IGNOU, Karnataka
State.
• To know the availability and usefulness of electronic
resources and open educational resources.
23

• To know the usefulness of SLIM material and
Personal-Contact-Programmes (PCP).
• To identify the problems faced by the ODL
learners of IGNOU and KSOU.
• To know the learners’ satisfaction with library
resources, facilities and services.
• To know the satisfaction of learners on the SLIM
material, Personal-Contact-Programmes and
electronic resources.
• To provide better suggestions for improvement
and development of library resources, services,
facilities, establishment of libraries at study
centres and also create a ODL Consortia, pooled
with a ample of e-resources for all ODL Institutes
based on the present study.
9/26/2020 24

HYPOTHESES
• There would be no significance difference among
the respondents with regard to the Self-
Instructional-Material (SLIM) provided by the
selected universities of the study.
the respondents with regard to usefulness of
Personal-Contact-Programmes (PCP) at study
centres of IGNOU and KSOU, Karnataka State.
• There would be significance difference among the
respondents with regard to provide the library
facilities and services to the distance learners of
IGNOU and KSOU of Bangalore and Mysore
Regions of Karnataka State.
9/26/2020 25

9/26/2020 26
the respondents with regard to use of library
resources provide to distance learners of IGNOU
and KSOU of Bangalore and Mysore.
• There would be no significance difference
between central library of KSOU and regional
centre library of IGNOU with regard to provide
lending services and library support services to
distance learners.
the science and arts respondents with regard to
the availability and usefulness of electronic
resource.

Statistical Tools Used For:
• Chi-square test, Tables and Graphs were used
to measure the distance learners`
attitudes/opinions and views on library
resources, facilities and also library services
in DES in India and;
• To test the hypotheses are employed for
analysis, interpretation and presentation of
the data.
27

Scope and Limitations of the study:
• The present study is limited to the two prominent
Open Universities i.e. IGNOU and KSOU.
• The study has been restricted to the Learners &
Librarians of RCs & SCs of IGNOU and KSOU.
• The study is based on field survey conducted on the
respondents drawn on the basis of random sampling
method from the two open universities i.e. IGNOU
and KSOU.
• The study is limited to RCs and SCs of IGNOU
and KSOU, Bangalore Urban Region,Karnataka
State.
28

Selected List of Study Centers(8) under the Present Study
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY (IGNOU):
1. Arts and Science College, Jayanager, Bangalore
2. Bangalore Institute of Technology, VV Puram, Bangalore
3. Government Science College, Nruthunga Road, Bangalore
4. CMR Institute of Management Studies, Banaswadi, Bangalore
KARNATAKA STATE OPEN UNIVERSITY (KSOU):
1. Mariyappa First Grade College, Gayatrinager, Bangalore
2. Abbaskhan College For Women, Cubbonpet, Bangalore
3. St.George College of Management, Banaswadi, Bangalore
4. Adithiya Institute of Management Studies and Research
,Yelahanka, Bangalore.
29

Data Analysis and Interpretation
• For the present study, 100 questionnaires
were equally distributed to distance learners
from each selected study centers (8) i.e. four
(4) from IGNOU and four (4) from KSOU of
Bangalore Urban Region, Karnataka State.
• A total of 800 Questionnaires were distributed
and received 575 valid Questionnaires.
• The response rate is 63.25. The details were
given below table:
30

Table 1: Distribution of Questionnaires
31
Sl.
no.
Name of the
Institution
Total No. of
Questionnaires
Distributed
Total No. of
Questionnaires
Received
1 IGNOU 400 325 (40.62)
2 KSOU 400 250 (31.25)
3 Total 800 (100) 575 (71.87)
For the present study, 100 questionnaires were distributed to
distance learners of selected study centers of IGNOU and KSOU,
Bangalore Region of Karnataka State. A total of 800
Questionnaires were distributed and received 575 valid
Questionnaires. The response rate is 71.87.

Table 6.22: Gender-wise Distribution of the Respondents
9/26/2020 32
Sl.
No.
Gender Respondents
Percentage of
respondents
1. Male 365 63.47
2. Female 210 36.52
3. Total 575 (100.00)
The Table No. 6.22 indicates that out of total sample of
575, majority of the respondents i.e. 365 (63.47%) were
male students, while only 210 (36.52%) of the respondents
were female.

Table 6.24: Residential Status of the Respondents
9/26/2020 33
Sl.
No.
Nature of
Residence
Respondents
Percentage of
respondents
1. Urban 378 65.73
2. Rural 154 26.79
3. Semi-Urban 43 7.47
4. Total 575 100.00
From the above table it is clear that majority of the
respondents (65.73%) from Urban, followed by 26.79 per
cent were rural and the remaining 7.47 per cent of the
respondents are semi-urban areas.

Table 6.26: Distribution of Arts and Science Respondents
9/26/2020 34
Sl.
No.
Nature of the Course
Total No. of
Respondents
Percentage of
respondents
1. Arts 340 59.13
2. Science 235 40.86
3. Total 575 (100.00)
The Table 6.26, with regard to Arts and Science respondents,
A total of 575, 340 (59.13) respondents were pursuing the Arts
programmes and remaining, 235 (40.86) respondents were
pursuing the science courses.
It is a great opportunity to science stream students, those
who couldn`t get admission in regular mode of education.

Table 6.29: Visiting Study Centre Libraries
During Contact Programmes
9/26/2020 35
Visiting to Library IGNOU % KSOU % Total
Visiting 138 75.82 157 58.58 295 (65.65)
Not visiting 44 24.18 111 41.42 155 (34.35)
Total 325 100 250 100 575 (100)
The above table shows that more respondents i.e. 65.65 per cent
(i.e., 75.82 per cent in the case of IGNOU, 58.58 per cent in the
case of KSOU have stated that they are visiting the study center
college libraries during the contact programme, while only 24.18
per cent of the respondents of IGNOU and 41.42 per cent of
KSOU have stated they are not visiting the library during the
contact programmes. It shows that IGNOU learners are visiting
the college Libraries more, than the KSOU learners.

9/26/2020 36
Chi-square Value Table Value df Sig.
61.79 5.99 2 Significant at 0.05 level
It is clear from the above table that, the calculated 2 value is
61.79, which is higher than the table Value 5.99, which is
significance at 0.05 levels with two degrees of freedom.
It indicates that nearly one third (32.69%) of IGNOU students
were stated that the ICT based library services are more useful
for their career development.

It is clear from the above table that, the calculated 2 value is
14.27, which is higher than the 2 table value 3.84, which is
significance at 00.05 level with one degree of freedom.
It indicates that most (75.82%) of the IGNOU students are
visiting the study center college libraries during the contact
programmes.
9/26/2020 37
Chi-square Value
Table Value
(TV)
df Sig.
14.27 3.84 1 Significant at 0.05 level

Visiting Regional Centre Libraries
9/26/2020 38
Visiting
the Library
IGNOU % KSOU % Total
Visiting 219 38.09 185 32.17 404 (34.35)
Not visiting 106 18.43 65 11.30 171(29.73)
Total 325 56.52 250 43.47 575(100.00)
It is pertinent to note that a majority of the learners (34.35
% i.e., 38.09 per cent who comprise of IGNOU and 32.17 per
cent of KSOU) are not making use of the library during their
leisure time and 29.73 per cent of the respondents (from
IGNOU, 18.43% and KSOU, 11.30%) were not the visiting the
libraries.

9/26/2020 39
Chi-square
Value
Table Value df Sig.
2.96 3.84 1
Not Significant
at 0.05 level
It is clear from the above table that there is no significant
difference between IGNOU and KSOU respondents with regard to
visit the study centre college libraries during their leisure time as
indicated Chi-square value 2.967, which is less than the table value
3.84, which is not significant at 0.05 level with one degree of
freedom.

Table 6.47
Usefulness of ICT Based-Library Services-Users` Response
9/26/2020 40
ICT Based Services Nature of Respondents
IGNOU % KSOU %s Total
More Useful 188 32.69 67 11.65 255 (44.34)
Useful 85 14.78 138 24.00 223 (38.78)
Do Not know 52 9.04 45 7.82 97 ( 16.86)
Total 325 56.53 250 46.47 575 (100.00)
As per the Data explained in the above Table 6.47 with regard to
usefulness of ICT-based library services and users` response. A total of 575,
a majority (44.34%) of the learners i.e., 44.34 per cent of IGNOU and KSOU
respectively have stated that the ICT based library services are more useful
and in the administrative work of the institutions, while only 38.78 per cent
of respondents opined that the ICT services useful in the courses/
programmes they are pursuing and 16.86 % of the ODL learners said that
the ICT services may not be useful.

Table 6.12- Availability of Library Services
9/26/2020 41
Library Services IGNOU KSOU
Lending Services *NO YES
Reference Services YES YES
SDI/CAS Services YES YES
Bibliography Services YES YES
Referral services YES YES
Indexing/Abstracting Services YES *NO
Block Board Bulletin services *NO YES
The Table No. 6.12 explains with regard to the availability of different
types of library services at Center and Regional Center Libraries of IGNOU and
KSOU.
This Study found that the KSOU library is providing LENDING SERVICES to
its LEARNERS BY CAUTION DEPOSIT, but, IGNOU is NOT providing.

Table 6.51
Learners` Perceptions on Self-Instructional Materials (SLIM)
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Learners` Perceptions Total No .of Respondents percentage
Quality/Standard Study
Materials
438 76.17
Full Syllabus covered 502 87.30
Simple Language Used 437 76.00
Easy to Understand 389 67.65
Useful for Higher Studies 461 80.17
Some lessons are not related to
Syllabi
527 91.65
Useful Material For Competitive
Exams
67 11.65
Difficult to read/understand the
lessons and out-dated
32 5.56

9/26/2020 43
The above Table 6.51 shows with regard to leaner’s`
perception on study material, which is provided by the
selected two open universities (IGNOU and KSOU).
A Large of the respondents, 502 (87.30) were replied the
study material is covered full syllabi, followed by, 438
(76.17%) were said that the material is Quality and
Standard, 437 (76%) simple language used, 461 (80.17%)
useful for higher studies, 389, (67.65%) understand easily,
67 (11.65%) useful for competitive exams and 27 (4.69%)
respondents were opinioned as some lessons are not
related to Syllabi, and finally only meager learners, i.e. 32
(5.56%) said that difficult to read/understand the lessons
and out-dated.
It is pertinent to note they a large majority of own and
distance learners were opinioned towards the quality,
standard, easily understating and more that, this study
material is more useful for competitive examinations such as
Civil services, Groups and other state level examinations.

7.12 Major Findings from the Study:
• This study found that, Equal library professionals (i.e.5+5)) are
working at IGNOU and KSOU central and regional center libraries.
• A majority, six (6) librarians having the required qualifications as
per the UGC guidelines-such as MLISc, M.Phil./Ph.D.
Qualifications.
• A majority (66.66 per cent) of the respondents having the 11-20
years of working experience, followed by, 2 (22.22% ) respondents
between 21-30 years of a long working experience.
• A majority, 5 (50%) of the librarians were responded that the
allocation of annual budget is partially sufficient, followed by 3
(30%) librarians were responded as sufficient to procure the
library resources i.e. Print and E-resources.
• Most, 9 (90%) of the respondents were replied that the library
staff having the awareness on ICT skills.
• A majority, six (60%) respondents from IGNOU replied that they
are using Libsys library software at central and regional libraries
and remaining four (40%) were using NewGenLib at central library
of KSOU for library automation to easy process the library
resources in ODL libraries.9/26/2020 44

9/26/2020 45
• This study shows, all libraries, 10 (100%) central and regional library of IGNOU
and central library of KSOU were fully computerized.
• All the respondents, 10 (100%) were opinioned that their respective libraries
were fully equipped with rich library learning resources such as text books,
reference books, general books, journals and magazines, project
reports/theses, newspapers, reference collection, and e-resources such as e-
books, e-journals, e-databases including A/V material (CD/DVD).
• It is also found from the study that the both Open Universities (IGNOU and
KSOU) are having library facilities at head quarter, regional center of IGNOU
and KSOU central library. Some kind of specialized facilities are available at
KSOU, Mysore such as Health Care facilities and also accommodation facilities
at University-Guest with a limited rooms for students, research scholars,
teaching staff and guest faculty, minimum charge, Rs. 250 per a day on First-
Cum-First Served basis.
• This study also found that IGNOU and KSOU libraries are providing the
traditional library services such as reference service, referral service and other
services also providing to its learners. But, KSOU central library is providing
the “Book Lending Service” to all its learners collecting Rs.1000 as a causation
deposit (refundable), but, IGNOU is not providing the same lending services at
central and regional center libraries at Bangalore.

• A total of 10, a majority 9 (90%) respondents replied that libraries having the
Internet facilities and services at their central and regional centers and only 1
(10%) responded that they do not have Internet facilities and services.
• It is found from the study that, all the respondents (100%) were replied two
premier open universities are providing the OPAC and WebOPAC facilities to
its distance learners.
• A Majority of the respondents 8 (80%) were participating and presenting
research papers at International/National
Seminars/Conferences/symposia/work-shops and remaining only 2 (20%)
were given negatively, neither they participating nor presenting research
papers.
• A majority, 6 (60%) respondents were satisfied with the existing
employment/job position and, 2 (20%) respondents were highly satisfied with
the present job.
• It is found from the study that both Open University Libraries (OUL) (100.00%)
are functioning at the time of Face-To- Face counseling schedule at study
Centers.
• A majority of respondents, 365 (63.47%) were male, while, 210 (36.52%)
respondents were female.
• Majority (51.30%) of the respondents are under the age group of 18-25 years,
followed by 29.91 per cent of the distance learners are of the age group of 26-
35 years.
9/26/2020 46

9/26/2020 47
• A majority of the respondents (65.73%) from Urban, followed by 26.79 per
cent were rural and the remaining 7.47 per cent of the respondents are
semi-urban areas.
• A Majority of respondents, 241 (41%) are pursuing B.A./B.Com. Courses,
followed by, 241 (17.21%) respondents are Diploma Courses. 16.86 per cent
of the respondents are pursuing P.G. Programmes. The respondents pursuing
professional courses like B.Ed., BLISc., B.Tech., M.C.A., MLISc./M.Tech.
Constitute 23.96 (17.73% + 6.26% = 23.96%) of the total sample.
• Out of 575, 340 (59.13%) respondents were pursuing the Arts programmes
and remaining, 235 (40.86%) respondents pursuing the science courses.
• A majority of the respondents 442 (76.86%) are unemployed while only
23.13 per cent are employed.
• A majority of the respondents (43.47%) are earning an annual income
ranging from Rs.50,000 to 1,00,000, while only 34.43 per cent of the
respondents annual income is below Rs.50,000. This means, most of the
people who belong to the middle class are availing of the educational
opportunities provided by the distance education system.
• Majority of the respondents i.e. 65.65 per cent (i.e., 75.82 per cent in the
case of IGNOU, 58.58 per cent in the case of KSOU) have stated that they are
visiting the study center college libraries during the contact programmes.
• Majority of the learners i.e., 70.26 per cent (i.e., 38.09 per cent who
comprise of IGNOU and 32.17 per cent of KSOU) are not making use of the
library during their leisure times.

9/26/2020 48
• A Total of 575, a majority of the respondents 415 (72.17%) of IGNOU and KSOU are in
the habit of visiting the Public Libraries for their study requirements.
• A total of 575, a majority, 263 (45.73%) respondents are visiting the library weekly,
followed by, 128 respondents (22.26%) monthly, 99 (17.21%) are occasionally and
remaining 85 respondents (14.78%) visits the library daily.
• A Total of 575, 261 (45.39%) respondents were `Spent Time` in the library, i.e. 1-2
hours, a majority of student learners, 179 (31.13) were spent time in library is three
hours and remaining 135 (23.47%) of the respondents spent time less than one hour.
• Out of 575 respondents, all were visiting the library with different needs of the
learners. A majority, 385 (66.96%) respondents were visiting library with a specific
purpose; prepare for end/semester exams, followed by, a large majority, 384 (66.78%)
of the respondents for use of Internet, which is more essential for many purposes, 333
(57.91%) respondents for use of social networks for different individual needs and
wants, 278 (48.34%) were writing assignments, 239 (41.56%) were use E-
Resources/OAR/OER, 201(34.95%) respondents to prepare for the Project works, 222
(38.60%) respondents are coming to library to read news paper purpose, 126 (21.91%)
respondents for preparing for competitive examinations, 123 (21.39%) for reading the
subject books, and finally, 81 respondents were coming to the library with a specific
purpose, reading the subject books.
• A majority of the respondents 501 (87.12%) (IGNOU 52.52% and KSOU 34.60%) replied
the library facilities, library resources and library support services are not available at
study centers.
• Most of the respondents i.e., 96.61 per cent in both the institutions i.e., 95.20 per cent
in case of IGNOU and 92.54 per cent in the case of KSOU have stated that `No Librarian`
is available for looking after the library activities and services, while only 3.38 per cent
(IGNOU) and 3.89 per cent (KSOU) learners have stated that Librarian is available to
look after the library.

• Most of the respondents i.e., 91.13 per cent have stated that reading room
facilities are not available at study centers of both institutions, while only 8.80
per cent of the respondents have stated that reading room facilities are
available.
• All the respondents (575) from both institutions (IGNOU and KSOU) were
stated that lending facilities are not available at their respective Regional
Centers.
• Most (88.17%) of the Regional Centre Libraries (92.92% of IGNOU and 82% of
KSOU) do not have the Inter-Library Loan facility services.
• All the respondents from IGNOU, 325 (100%) have stated that the Tele-
conference / Video conference facility is available to the students at the
study/regional and at the same time, all the respondents, 250 (43.47%) stated
that the regional/study centres do not have Tele-conference / Video
conference facility at KSOU.
• A majority of the respondents i.e., 55.82 per cent (i.e., 52.00% in the case of
IGNOU and 3.82% in case of KSOU) have stated that Internet facilities are
available at the study centers, while 4.52 per cent of IGNOU and 39.65 per cent
KSOU have stated that ‘Internet’ facility are not available.
• Most of the respondents 563 (97.90% i.e., 54.95% of IGNOU and 42.95% of
KSOU) have stated that there is no “Library Services Cell” (LSC) facility at the
Study Centres, while only 1.56 per cent of IGNOU, 1.2 per cent of KSOU of the
respondents have stated that “Library Services Cell” is available at Study
Centre level but not well organized to meet the learners information
requirements.
9/26/2020 49

• Most of the respondents i.e., 91.82 per cent (53.39% of IGNOU and 38.43% of
KSOU) have stated that photocopying (i.e., Xerox facility) facility is not
available at Study Centres.
• Majority of the books i.e. 52.32 (26.48% and 25.84%) are text books that are
available in the libraries of the regional centers of IGNOU & KSOU.
• A considerable number of respondents (22.43%) which include 22.46 per
cent of IGNOU and 22.4 per cent of KSOU have stated that they have been
making use of the subject books in the library. This is followed by use of
reference books, as indicated by 41.84 per cent of respondents of IGNOU and
49.2 per cent of respondents of KSOU. This means that fairly good number of
respondents are also making use of the reference books, apart from the
subject books. It is interesting to note that 20.17 per cent in the case of
IGNOU and 21.84 per cent in the case of KSOU learners, who are also
showing interest in general books in addition to subject related books.
• A total of 575, a majority (44.34%) of the learners i.e., 44.34 per cent of
IGNOU and KSOU respectively have stated that the ICT based library services
are more useful the academic programmes and in the administrative work of
the institutions, while only 38.78 per cent of respondents opined that the ICT
services useful in the courses/ programmes they are pursuing and 16.86 per
cent of the ODL learners said that the ICT services may not be useful.
• A majority, 340 (59.13%) of the respondents from non-professional from both
open universities were said that it is a good and needed course material, and
remaining non-professional learners, 235 (40.86%) were stated is ` Good’.
9/26/2020

• Most of the respondents (82.60 per cent) which includes 90.76 per cent of
IGNOU, 72.00 per cent of KSOU are making use of the Tele/Video Conference
facility offered by the IGNOU and KSOU, while only 17.39 per cent which
includes 9.23 per cent of IGNOU, 28.00 per cent of KSOU respondents have
stated that they are not utilizing the Tele/Video Conferences offered by these
institutions.
• A majority, 309 (53.73%) respondents opined that the study material, which is
prepared and provided them, in a simple understanding way is very much
useful’, followed by, 207 (36%) were ‘Useful’, 53 (9.21%) were ‘somewhat
useful’ and a neglected sample in social research, 6 (1.04) were said, ‘Not
Useful’.
• A majority, 309 (53.73%) respondents said that the text books, reference books
and other related books are very useful, followed by, 202 (35.13%) were Useful,
61 (10.60%) were Somewhat Useful and remaining, 03 (0.52%) were opined
Not Useful text books, reference books and other related materials.
• A majority, 314 (54.60%) respondents were said that the e-resources are
Useful, 169 (29.39%) respondents were Most Useful, 32 (23.82%) were
Somewhat Useful and remaining 60 (10.43%) were Not Useful.
• Majority, 279 (48.52%) respondents were ‘Satisfied’ with the SLIM Material,
followed by, 190 (33.04%) were ‘highly satisfied’, 69 (12%) were ‘somewhat
satisfied’ and remaining 37 (6.43%) were ‘Not satisfied’ with SLIM Material
distributed by RCs and SCs of IGNOU and KSOU.9/26/2020 51

9/26/2020 52
• Majority 265 (46.08%) of the respondents were ‘satisfied’ with the
electronic resources, followed by, 151 (26.26%) were ‘highly satisfied’,
97 (16.86%) were ‘somewhat satisfied’ and remaining 62 (10.78%) were
‘Not satisfied’ with the availability of electronic resources.
• Out of 235 Science respondents, majority 102 (43.4%) of the
respondents were ‘satisfied’ with the electronic resources, followed by,
85 (36.17%) were ‘highly satisfied’, 31 (13.19%) were ‘somewhat
satisfied’ and remaining 17 (7.23%) were ‘Not satisfied’ with use of
electronic resources.
• Out of 340 Arts respondents, majority 163 (47.94%) of the respondents
were ‘satisfied’ with the electronic resources, followed by, 68 (20.00%)
were ‘highly satisfied’ and 64 (18.82) were ‘somewhat satisfied’ and
remaining 45 (13.23%) were ‘Not satisfied’ with the use of electronic
resources in the study centres.
• Out of 575, 223 (38.78%) respondents were satisfied with OERs,
followed by, 139 (24.71%), were highly satisfied, 116 (20.17%) were not
satisfied, and remaining 97 (16.86%) were somewhat satisfied.
• Out of 235, 78 (33.19%) were highly satisfied, followed by, 101 (42.97%)
were satisfied, 44 (18.72%) were somewhat satisfied and 12 (5.10%)
were not satisfied;

• Out of 250, nearly half of the respondents; 120 (48.00%) respondents were
“Satisfied” with all the resources, facilities and services, which are providing by
this Open University, followed by, 46 (18.40%) were “Highly Satisfied”, 51
(21.40%) were “Somewhat Satisfied” and remaining, 33 (13.20%) were “Not
Satisfied”.
• A majority, 418 (72.69%) respondents were stated, the classes were not
conducts on-time and not understanding the lessons which are teaching, and
remaining, 157 (27.31%) were satisfied with the contact classes.
• A majority 425 (73.91%) of the respondents sated library resources and services
not available, and 150 (26.08%) were stated all are available AT SCs
• Most of the respondents, 498 (86.80%) were stated that the ICT based library
services are not available, and, only, 77 (33.39%) positively responded.
• Out of 575, 223 (38.78%) respondents were satisfied with OERs, followed by,
139 (24.71%), were highly satisfied, 116 (20.17%) were not satisfied, and
remaining 97 (16.86%) were somewhat satisfied.
• A Majority of the respondents, 391 (68.00%) were stated that they are not
getting any kind of proper guidance to pursue higher education, and, only, 184
(32.00%) positively responded.
9/26/2020 53

7.13 TESTING OF HYPOTHESES:
1. There would be no significance difference among the respondents
with regard to the Self-Instructional-Material (SLIM) provided by
the selected universities of the study.
It is clear from the study (Table Nos. 6.51, 6.52, 6.53 and 6.54)
that, there no significance difference among the respondents with
regard to the Self-Instructional-Material (SLIM) provided by the
selected universities of the study.
Hence, the FIRST HYPOTHESIS is accepted.
2. There would be no significance difference among the respondents
with regard to usefulness of Personal-Contact-Programmes (PCP)
at study centres of IGNOU and KSOU, Karnataka State. It is clear
from the study (Table. 6.58) that, there no significance difference
among the respondents with regard to usefulness of Personal-
Contact-Programmes (PCP) at study centres of IGNOU and KSOU,
Karnataka State.
Hence, the SECOND HYPOTHESIS is accepted.
9/26/2020 54

3.There would be significance difference among the
respondents with regard to provide the library facilities and
services to the distance learners of IGNOU and KSOU of
Bangalore and Mysore Regions of Karnataka State.
It is clear from the results (Table Nos. 6.11 and 6.50) that,
there is difference between two selected two Open University
libraries with regard to the library facilities and services.
Hence, the Third Hypothesis is accepted.
4.There would be no significance difference among the
respondents with regard to use of library resources provide
to distance learners of IGNOU and KSOU of Bangalore and
Mysore.
It is clear from the findings (Table Nos. 6.45 and 6.46) that,
there is difference between two selected two Open University
libraries with regard to the library resources.
Hence, the Fourth Hypothesis is accepted.
9/26/2020 55

5.There would be no significance difference between central library of KSOU and
regional centre library of IGNOU with regard to provide lending services and
library support services to distance learners.
It is clear from the findings (Table Nos. 6.50) that, there is difference
between two selected two Open University libraries with regard to the library
lending services and library support services to distance learners.
Hence, the Fifth Hypothesis is rejected.
6. There would be no significance difference among the science and arts
respondents with regard to the availability and usefulness of electronic
resource.
It is clear from the study (Tables. 6.20 and 6.61) that, there is no
significance difference among the science and arts respondents with regard to
the availability and usefulness of electronic resource.
Hence, the Sixth Hypothesis is accepted.
7. There would be no significance difference among the respondents with regard
to the satisfaction on SLIM material, Personal-Contact-Programmes of IGNOU
and KSOU. It is clear from the findings (Table Nos. 6.62 and 6.63) that, there no
significance difference among the respondents with regard to the satisfaction
on SLIM material, Personal-Contact-Programmes of IGNOU and KSOU.
Hence, the Seventh Hypothesis is accepted.
9/26/2020 56

C O N C L U S I O N
• Distance Education System (DES) is a highly welcome step in the
direction of taking education to the door of those willing to acquire
higher education but are unable to do so owing to lack of resources or
paucity of time. It is particularly relevant in a country like India where a
larger number of Students are compelled to terminate their education
at various stages on account of backwardness of the family, low
educational status of parents, economic handicaps or social traditions.
• Library occupies an important place in the framework of the academic
system. It is not a mere storehouse of books, but is a dynamic
instrument of education.
• Without active support of a library, the whole academic functioning
will come to a grinding halt.
• The primary role of a library is not only to fulfill the mission of the
academic institute to which it belongs to but also to advance its aims
and objectives. It is a central place for study and research.
• IGNOU and KSOU Regional Centers and Head Quarter Libraries of
Bangalore Region of Karnataka State libraries are providing an excellent
library facilities, sources and library support services to its ODL
students. It is really a welcoming steps.9/26/2020 57

7.14 S U G G E S T I O N S
Based on the present study results and testing the hypotheses, the
following constructive suggestions were made by the Investigator to easy
access and use of library resources, facilities and also library support services
from the central, regional and study center libraries and also from regular
college/university libraries (where the study centres are located), which are
more essential in the modern Knowledge-Based Society.
• The Open and Distance Education Libraries (ODEL) have to provide the quality
of academic library support services, especially, book lending facilities and
services to ODL learners, who are geo-graphically scattered and are not in a
position to afford to have the required resources by them.
• Steps should be taken to establish libraries and recruit the qualified library
professionals at the study centre (SC) and regional centres of KSOU, and SCs of
IGNOU, Bangalore region of Karnataka State so as to make them functional
and beneficial to the learners.
• The IGNOU and KSOU, Regional Center (RC) and Study Center (SCs) libraries
should be well equipped with rich library collections/ resources including ICT
based resources, and services such as Internet/ web resources and digital
resources to provide better library resources to ODL students of IGNOU AND
KSOU.
9/26/2020 58

7.14 S u g g e s t i o n s…..
• The International regulatory bodies, such as Commonwealth of Learning
(COL), Canada, and at National level, The MHRD, Government of India,
Distance Education Bureau (DEB) of UGC and other funding agencies should
provide special financial assistance to the development of distance
education libraries (DELs) to provide better student support services
including library facilities and services to distance learners at study centers
and regional centers from different OUs and DEI located at various parts of
India.
• The regional centre of IGNOU, Bangalore should provide the Postal Bag
Service to all the required learners at a “Free-of-Cost” or “Low- Cost” to
reach the learners`location/home to know more subject or current
knowledge, which is most essential to the learners as the practice available
at UKOU, UK and some other countries.
• Steps should be taken to make available the conventional university library
services to the distance learners also, through some agreement, either
formal or informal.
9/26/2020 59

• Inter-Library Loan (ILL) facilitates have to introduce
between distance education institutions and
regular/conventional libraries for the benefit of the
distance learners.
• Photocopy Tele-Tutoring and Fax facilities should be
provided to the distance learners at the cheaper rates.
• The network system such as the Public Library Network
(PLN), Electronic Library Network (ELN), and Distance
Library Network (DLN) should be established by the
Open Distance Education Institutions (DEIs) to provide
current information to its learners.
• There is an urgent need to establish Library Support
Service Cells (LSSC), Reading Rooms, Career and
Guidance Cells (CGC) at various regional and study
centers.
9/26/2020 60

7.15 Areas of Further Research:
The research scholar, with his field survey experience and by consulting
the review of related literature such as distance learner needs, role and
importance of library resources, facilities and library services, study material,
importance of counseling classes, role of librarianship, and usefulness of ICT
in ODL system, suggested some of the major thrust research areas, which are
essential for success of open and distance education system in developing
Nations, particularly in India.
• Learner Support Services in Open and Distance Education System India-A
Study
• Knowledge, Access and Utilisation of Library Resources and Services by ODL
students in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu States: A Comparative study
• Use Pattern of Open Educational Resources By the Research Scholars of
IGNOU and Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Open University- A Study
• Accessing and Utilisation of Internet Web-Based Resources By the Off-
Campus Students: A Novel Study
• Distance Learning Library Services in Open Universities: A Micro Level Study.
• Role of Libraries in Open and Distance Education in India- An Evaluation
• Role of Library Professionals in Distance Education in Andhra Pradesh in the
Digital Environment-A Study of Open University and Dual More Intentions.
• Use of Open Educational Resources By open and Distance Learners- A Study
of IGNOU, New Delhi and YCMOU, Maharashtra.
9/26/2020 61

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