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Logical Framewor Preparation PLANNING Identification Appraisal IMPLEMENTATION Monitoring Evaluation OPERATION Evaluation FEEDBACK
Logical Framewor 1. Promote R&D activities that are market- sensitive and demand driven 2. R&D priorities should be rationalized giving priority on commodities with expected higher comparative advantage and market potential
Logical Framewor 3. Technically feasible , economically viable, environmentally sound, socially acceptable and organizationally manageable 4. Consistent with Donor’s Thrust and Priorities
Logical Framewor The Logical Framework (logframe) approach was developed to improve project planning.
Logical Framewor PROJECT OBJECTIVES The project aims to enhance agricultural productivity in Lubang Island through improvement in rural infrastructures. PROJECT COMPONENTS • Rehabilitation of communal irrigation systems • Rehabilitation of national and farm-to-market roads • Construction of trading posts • Provision of water supply • Enhancement of electrical infrastructures • Construction of barangay halls
Logical Framewor The approach requires teamwork among participants as they develop RDE plans through the following steps: • Analysis of interest groups • Identification of core problem and research output • Development of planning matrix • Development of workplan and resource allocation * An important element of the method is the visualization of ideas through the use of colored cards and pinboards.
Logical Framewor APPROACH: The logframe approach consists of three inter-supportive elements: • The method guides the work process in the planning group, • The team approach provides the framework for studying problems from an interdisciplinary point of view, and for ensuring consideration of important interest groups and target groups, • Simultaneous visualization facilitates effective communication recording the contributions of the planning team and the results of its discussions.
Logical Framewor PRINCIPLES: The logframe approach is based on a few simple underlying principles: • Cooperation between and among project staff and partner organizations • Problems to be solved are linked with people, groups, and organizations. Resolution depends on a comprehensive picture of the interest groups, individuals, and organizations. • Identify constraints that impede the solution of a given problem. In addition, specify the concerns to be planned
Logical Framewor • The logframe method demands the definition of a hierarchy of objectives linked by means-ends hypothesis and complemented by certain assumptions and external conditions and influences. All inputs (activities, human and financial resources) are specified.
Logical Framewor • Planning is an iterative process. It demand openness and creativity. Try to reach consensus at the end of each phase, and at the same time, leave options open for subsequent mutual revisions.
Logical Framewor The Work Process and Facilities Required: The documents are elaborated step by step by the planning team and are permanently displayed for ready reference during the workshop. “Visualization”, the method used to support the communication process, requires the following materials: • Pinboards to help produce, display, and present the workshop documents; • Colored cards to collect and document ideas and information; • Large sheets of paper to permanently store the information contained on the cards; and • Pins, glue, scissors, masking tape, and colored markers.
Logical Framewor
Logical Framewor Preparation of Logical Framework 1. Overview of Planning Stages 2. Formulation of Logical Framework 3. Logical Framework and Project Implementation
Logical Framewor I. Overview of Planning Stages of Analysis Stakeholder Analysis Problem Analysis Objective Analysis Project Selection
Logical Framewor Stakeholder Analysis … analyzes individuals, groups and organizations which may be affected by/involved in the project …
Logical Framewor Step 1: Stakeholder Analysis Framework – preconditions and constraints which are decided before a project is implemented. It includes:  Specification of the target area and sector  Project duration  Implementing agency  Budget  Beneficiaries  Confirmation of the project framework  Identification and analysis of groups who are likely to be most affected by the problems and analyze them
CASE: THE COCONUT INDUSTRY OF KUNGSAAN PROVINCE Coconut is one of the most important crops in the Kungsaan Province covering 35% of cultivated land. Aside from producing around 60% of country’s coconut oil requirement, the coconut industry also provides direct or indirect employment to almost one third of the country's population. Despite the importance of the sector to the country's economy, modernization of the coconut industry has not taken place. Over the years, coconut production continues to decline resulting to decreasing income of coconut farmers and reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and coconut oils. Recently, exports of coconut products were also disrupted. The decline in yield is primarily due to failure of farmers to replace aging and unproductive stand of palms with new varieties of coconut palms. These can be attributed to farmer’s low access to needed inputs as well as their lack of technical skills in applying new varieties and farm inputs. The low market price of coconut further tends to discourage farmers to plant new coconut palms. The present situation is further aggravated by the presence of a viral disease called "Cadang- Cadang" or "yellow mottle", which kills millions of coconut trees each year. Majority of these affected coconuts are traditional varieties as they are less resistant to the virus. Moreover, farmers rarely apply plant protection measures. Considering the potential of the coconut farming to fuel industry growth, the Philippine Coconut Authority has proposed for a loan to International Buko Bank (IBB) to improve the performance of the industry.
Logical Framewor • Group Categorization Beneficiaries Potential Opponents Implementing Agencies Decision- makers Funding Agencies • List all stakeholders Coconut farmers, PCA, LGUs, exporters, DA, IBB Coconut farmers PCA Department of Agriculture National government IBB Stakeholder Analysis
Logical Framewor • Detailed Analysis – Coconut Farmers • List all stakeholders • Group Categorization Interest / Motives Increase income Strengths / Potentials Willing to try new technologies Implications for project planning Training for farmers Problems / Constraints Access to Inputs and technologies Stakeholder Analysis Characteristics No. of farmers: 21 million Annual Income: P40,000
Logical Framewor
Logical Framewor Stakeholder Analysis Problem Analysis … analyzes the problems existing within the situation …
 Develop a problem tree What is a PROBLEM? A situation which is dissatisfying, can be changed but at the same time difficult to change.  Identifies the negative aspects of an existing situation and establishes the “cause and effect” relationships between the problems that exists.
Problem 4 Steps in Problem Analysis a. Brainstorm all problems in the situation. b. Identify a common agreed core problem. c. Divide the other cards into causes and effects of the core problem; put then respectively below and above the core problem. d. Form a problem tree diagram showing the cause-and effect relationship. e. Review the diagram as a whole and verify its validity (are the cause and effect relationships correct and direct) and completeness (any key problems missing). Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 5 Problem 7 Problem 6 Problem 3 Problem 5 CORE PROBLEM Problem 5 Problem 4 Cause 1 Problem 6 Cause 2 Problem 7 Cause 3 Problem 2 Problem 2 Effect 1 Problem 3 Problem 3 Effect 2 Problem 1 Cause 1a PROBLEM TREE
Logical Framewor Declining coconut production Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers lack technical skills Market prices are not attractive to farmers Declining income of coconut farmers Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Exports of coconut products were disrupted Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Declining coconut production Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers lack technical skills Market prices are not attractive to farmers Exports of coconut products were disrupted Declining income of coconut farmers Cause Effect Problem Tree Core Problem
Logical Framewor Points to keep in mind for Points to keep in mind for Problem Analysis Problem Analysis  Avoid short-circuited analysis Avoid short-circuited analysis  Specific and clear Specific and clear  Same card loop Same card loop  Potential problems Potential problems “ A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. ” “ It is always wise to look ahead but difficult to look farther than you can. ”
Logical Framewor Stakeholder Analysis Problem Analysis Objective Analysis … identifies the desirable situation ..
Logical Framewor  Describe the future situation that will be achieved by solving the problem PROBLEM OBJECTIVE Declining coconut production Increased coconut production Step 3: Objective Analysis
Logical Framewor Steps in Objective Analysis a. Restate all elements in the problem tree into positive conditions which are - desirable - realistically achievable b. Review the “means and ends” relationship to assure the validity and completeness of the objective tree c. If necessary, - revise statements - add new objectives if these are relevant and necessary - delete objectives CORE PROBLEM - - - - - - + + + + + + OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE TREE CAUSE EFFECT MEANS END
Logical Framewor Exports of coconut products were disrupted Exports of coconut products were disrupted Exports of coconut products resumed Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Increased local supply of fresh coconut and oils Declining income of farmers Declining income of farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Gov’t price policy favorable to coconut production Farmers lack technical skills Farmers lack technical skills Farmers technical skills are enhanced Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Reduced occurrence of pests and diseases Declining coconut production Declining coconut production Increased coconut production Increased income of farmers Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers increasingly plant improved coconut varieties Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers practice effective pests and disease control system Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers’ access to needed inputs guaranteed Cause Effect Means Ends
Logical Framewor … identifies the optimum project strategies and components .. Stakeholder Analysis Problem Analysis Objective Analysis Project Selection
Logical Framewor  Identify alternative project strategies or components  Prioritize strategies of comparative advantage  Decide which alternative(s) represent(s) an optimal project strategy Step 4: Alternative Analysis Production Support Rural Infrastructure Marketing Support
Logical Framewor OBJECTIVE OBJ 1 OBJ 2 OBJ 3 OBJ 1a OBJECTIVE TREE Production Support Rural Infrastructure Marketing Support Steps in Alternative Analysis •Review the presumed project framework (identify objectives which you do not want to pursue). •Group the objectives into sets of approaches and label them. •Choose the selection criteria for comparing the approaches (e.g. resources available, political feasibility, organizational mandate, technical feasibility economic viability, social risks, environmental impact, etc.) and assess the validity of each approach •Prioritize alternative strategies of comparative advantage •Decide on alternative(s) to be pursued.
Logical Framewor CRITERIA CRITERIA Name of Approach Name of Approach Production Production Support Support Rural Infrastructure Rural Infrastructure Marketing Marketing Support Support Target Group Target Group Policy Priorities Policy Priorities Main Activities Main Activities Main Inputs Main Inputs Feasibility of the Feasibility of the Approach (political, Approach (political, economic, etc.) economic, etc.) Sustainability Sustainability Possible Negative Impact Possible Negative Impact
Logical Framewor Production Support Rural Infrastructure Marketing Support Production Support
Logical Framewor The Logical The Logical Framework Framework
Logical Framewor II. Formulation of Logical Framework ogical framework = Project Planning Matrix (PPM) = Project Design Matrix (PDM)  Simplified abstraction of the project  It help us: - visualize a project in context - identify the relationship between various components - think more analytically about cause and effect relationship  Some funding agencies that uses the logframe: Canada’s CIDA, Australia’s AusAID, Germany’s GTZ, European Union, WB, ADB, of the project
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions PROJECT TITLE: ___________________ LOCATION: ________________________ VERSION NO: ______ DATE: ______
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Increased income of coconut farmers Increased income of coconut farmers Increased coconut production Increased coconut production 1. 1. Middle-aged palms are Middle-aged palms are rehabilitated rehabilitated 2. 2. Management technologies Management technologies are disseminated are disseminated 1.1 Identification of critical areas 1.1 Identification of critical areas 1.2 Procurement of improved 1.2 Procurement of improved varieties varieties (Long Term Objective) Higher level objective; expected impact 3-5 years after the project is completed (Immediate Objective) Objective that the project should achieve at the end of the Implementation period (Project Deliverables) Strategies for achieving project Purpo Items the project will provide (e.g. goods, services, infrastructure Actions to be undertaken and resources required to achieve Outputs Indirect relationship; influence of implementers is limited Direct causal relationship Direct causal relationship
Logical Framewor SELECTED APPROACH Logical Framework Purpose Outputs Activities Goal
Logical Framewor Exports of coconut products were disrupted Exports of coconut products were disrupted Exports of coconut products resumed Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Increased local supply of fresh coconut and oils Declining income of farmers Declining income of farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Gov’t price policy favorable to coconut production Farmers lack technical skills Farmers lack technical skills Farmers technical skills are enhanced Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Reduced occurrence of pests and diseases Declining coconut production Declining coconut production Increased coconut production Increased income of farmers Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers increasingly plant improved coconut varieties Farmers practice effective pests and disease control system Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers’ access to needed inputs guaranteed OVERALL GOAL PROJECT PURPOSE OUTPUT ACTIVITY
Logical Framewor Outputs Activities 1 2 3 4 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 1-2 2-2 3-2 4-2 1-3 2-3 3-3 4-3 Sequential order Sequential order
Logical Framewor Outputs Activities 1. Increased production of potable water 2. Improved village management capacity Sequential order 1.1 Execute hydro-geological studies 1.2 Execute drillings 1.3. Maintaining wells 1.4 Systematically analyze water quality 2.1 Establish village water committee 2.2. Educate villagers in basic maintenance 2.3. Facilitate annual contracts Purpose Sustainable increased of available water
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output To create stable and empowered local communities with sustainable food sources, viable livelihood, and improved farm income The marginal agricultural lands in the country are developed through the dissemination and adoption of appropriate soil and water conservation technologies. Farmers in the pilot conservation farming villages located in marginal lands are adopting sustainable farming practices focused on soil and water conservation, soil fertility improvement and enhancement and environmental protection. At the end of the project, 4 core CFVs representing different agro-ecological zones shall have been established. These core CFVs will have radiation in outlying villages. 1. Package of technologies for sustained productivity in marginal areas 2. Stable employment for farmers are created 3. Adequate food at affordable prices 4. Empowered LGUs and local communities
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Irrigate 26,920 ha new service area and ensure the irrigation supply of 55,100 ha service area of the existing Upper River Integrated irrigation System (UPRIIS) • Increase production • Increase farmers’ income • Improve local economy • Additional annual crop yield production of: Palay - 650,174 ton Corn - 15,792 ton Onion - 29,178 ton Eggplant- 4,108 ton • Additional annual production value of P6,118,712 • Generate employment during the construction and operation & maintenance period of the Irrigation System and farming activities
Logical Framewor Comments: It was recommended to include components on a) training of farmers on technical know-how in maintaining crops; b) rehabilitation of disease infested banana farms following SOP; and c) advocacy on the presence of such laboratory in order to attract seedling buyers Project: Banana Tissue Culture Laboratory and Planting Material Dispersal Project Objective: To develop intensively the banana production under cocoland through establishment of a Banana Tissue Culture Laboratory and Nursery Center
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Measures of goal achievement End of project status Magnitudes of outputs Planned completion date Nature and level of resources Necessary Cost Planned staring date Indicators / Targets Standards for measuring achievement
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities S M A R T - Simple - Measurable - Attainable - Realistic - Time-bound Increased coconut production - Exciting - Rewarding E R Specified evidence as: [subject ] Coconut farmers [quantity] … increase their yield by 50%… [quality] … maintaining the same quality of harvest as 1999 crops… [time] … by 2009 … [place] … in Kungsaan Province …
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Increased coconut production Coconut farmers in Kungsaan Province increase their yield by 50% by 2009, while maintaining the same quality of harvest as 1999 crops. Output Output Activities Activities
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities To create stable and empowered local communities with sustainable food sources, viable livelihood, and improved farm income Four established CFVs and 4 CLC, 100 farmers leaders/trainors trained, 1000 farmer adopters trained; number of agro-technologies adopted; reduction of soil loss through erosion
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Indicator Objectively Verifiable Indicator Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Irrigate 26,920 ha new service area and ensure the irrigation supply of 55,100 ha service area of the existing UPRIIS Implementation of the Project • Increased annual palay production of 13 million cavans • Increased cropping intensity from 147% to 187% • Increased number of business establishments dealing on: a. Agricultural inputs and machineries from 214 to 320 b. Crop Processing and Storage Ricemill: 135 to 200 Warehouse: 307 to 460 • Organized 23 IAs with 12,800 farmer-members • Increased crop production value from P2,764,606 to P8,883,324 • Increase production • Increase farmers’ income • Improve local economy
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Indicator Objectively Verifiable Indicator Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities To increase farmers’ income Increased income from P27,000 to P35,000 1. To decrease postharvest losses 2. To decrease transport cost 3. Increase/intensify production area 4. Diversify farming From P0.80/kg to P0.40/kg From 1.00/kg to P0.50/kg From 30 has to 50 has/2-3 croppings 3-5 commodities Rehabilitation of Balluay-Bagong FMR
Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Verification Means of Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Sources of Data Sources of Data and Information and Information Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities  Type of Data Source Type of Data Source  Methods of Data Methods of Data Gathering Gathering  Human Resources and Human Resources and Necessary Cost for Data Necessary Cost for Data Collection Collection  Time and Timing Time and Timing • Accessibility • Reliability • Relevance
Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Verification Means of Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Sector/country report generated by the national planning agency or implementing agency Agency or donor evaluation reports; may involve data gathering process Technical and administrative reports produced by the implementing team
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator (OVI) (OVI) Means of Means of Verification Verification (MOV) (MOV) Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Increased coconut production Coconut farmers in Kungsaan Province increase their yield by 50% by 2009, while maintaining the same quality of harvest as 1999 crops PCA Evaluation Report Bank Report
Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Assumptions Important Assumptions Goal Goal • Assumptions/risks that are crucial to project success • External conditions beyond the control of the project • Either pre-requisites for successful implementation or constraints anticipated • Unpredictable conditions (make sure they are not killer assumptions) Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator (OVI) (OVI) Means of Means of Verification Verification (MOV) (MOV) Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Women start Women start income income generating generating activities activities Output Output 1. 1. Women obtain Women obtain necessary necessary skills to start skills to start businesses businesses 2. 2. Women can Women can access micro- access micro- credit credit Activities Activities Husbands allow their wives to venture on income generating activities
Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Assumptions Important Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities “ “Killer Killer” ” Assumptions Assumptions  Necessary conditions Necessary conditions that are deemed to be that are deemed to be unmet unmet  Conditions that are Conditions that are unavoidable even by unavoidable even by changing part of the changing part of the project components project components
Logical Framewor Note: • Assess the probability of occurrence for the external factors Quite likely but not certain = Important Assumption 10 inches of rainfall between May and October Not likely to occur = Killer Assumption !! Absence of Typhoons
Logical Framewor Identifying Important Identifying Important Assumptions Assumptions Is this assumption IMPORTANT ? Can this assumption be CONTROLLED by the project ? What is the LIKELIHOOD the assumption will be met ? It is not an important assumption No It is not an important assumption Yes It is not an important assumption Very High Is it possible to change the project Approach? Very Low Change part of the project to avoid the effect of the assumption Yes It is a Killer Assumption NO It is an important assumption Quite likely Consider the other project approach Yes No
Logical Framewor Production Support Rural Infrastructure Marketing Support Production Support Assumption
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions  Physical, financial and Physical, financial and human resources human resources needed for the needed for the implementation of the implementation of the project project  Be specified Be specified separately by related separately by related institutions when institutions when
Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Verification Means of Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions JICA Personnel Long-term Experts xxx Project Leader xxx Irrigation Expert xxx Institutional Expert xxx Short-term Experts xxx As required Equipment Pumps xxx Vehicles xxx XXX DA Personnel Project Manager xxx Technical Staff xxx Clerical Staff xxx Facilities Training facility xxx Local Cost ROW xxx Proj. Mgt. cost xxx Taxes xxx XXX
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Assumptions Important Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions Conditions Conditions needed to start needed to start project project implementation implementation
Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions HORIZONTAL LOGIC Project results; benefit to target group Results to be achieved by the end of project implementation Agency/ donor evaluation reports Factors necessary to sustain project gains reports
Logical Framewor Activities if Outputs then VERTICAL LOGIC Narrative Summary Important Assumptions and Assumptions Assumptions Purpose Goal Assumptions
Logical Framewor VERTICAL LOGIC Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Goal Goal Household income Household income increases increases Purpose Purpose Women start income Women start income generating activities generating activities Outputs Outputs 1. 1. Women obtain Women obtain necessary skills to start necessary skills to start businesses businesses 2. 2. Women can access Women can access micro-credit micro-credit Activities Activities 1.1 1.1 Business training Business training courses are provided courses are provided 1.2 1.2 Handicraft training Handicraft training courses are provided courses are provided 2.1 2.1 Information about Information about micro micro credit is provided credit is provided Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Preconditions • Women can attend the training courses • Husbands allow their wives to venture on income generating activities • Marketing system is established. • People have enough purchasing power • DSWD continue to focus on women’s economic empowerment For sustainability of the Project
Logical Framewor VERTICAL LOGIC Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Goal Goal To create stable and empowered local To create stable and empowered local communities with sustainable food communities with sustainable food sources, viable livelihood, and sources, viable livelihood, and improved farm income improved farm income Purpose Purpose The marginal agricultural lands in the The marginal agricultural lands in the country are developed through the country are developed through the dissemination and adoption of dissemination and adoption of appropriate soil and water appropriate soil and water conservation technologies. conservation technologies. Outputs Outputs • Package of technologies for Package of technologies for sustained productivity in marginal sustained productivity in marginal areas areas • Stable employment for farmers are Stable employment for farmers are created created • Adequate food at affordable prices Adequate food at affordable prices Important Important Assumptions Assumptions • Funds are available • Peace and order situation allows continuous field activities • There is no severe climatic aberration • Collaborating agencies will provide resources as required • Priorities of the current government will not change • Peace and order does not hamper project implementation For sustainability of the Project
Logical Framewor Logframe-Appraisal Logframe-Appraisal  Is your Logical Framework Is your Logical Framework logical? logical?  Was the Logframe formation process adequate?  Is your project viable from the perspectives of: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, Relevance, and Sustainability ? ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary
Logical Framewor The PDM provides in a table form a summary of : WHY is the project being carried out? WHAT does the project expect to achieve? WHAT results does the project must bring about? HOW can the project achieve these results? WHAT external factors will be crucial to the success of the project? HOW can the success of the project be assessed? WHERE can data required to assess the success of the project be found WHAT the project will cost in terms of time, manpower and other material resources Goal Purpose Output Important Assumptions OVI Input Formulation of Project Design Matrix MOV Activities
Logical Framewor PROJECT OBJECTIVES The primary goal of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing the disposable incomes of small holder farm families. Specifically, the project will: 1. Improve agricultural production to ensure sufficient income of farmers; 2. Transform farmers’ organization into self-reliant/viable organizations; 3. Introduce modern agricultural technologies such as IPM, hybrid varieties, seeds and stocks, and farm machineries; 4. To provide easy access to credit facilities; 5. To provide infrastructure support services like irrigation, post harvest facilities and FMRs.
Logical Framewor Are you now ready to Are you now ready to prepare the PDM of your prepare the PDM of your project ? project ?  If you are, then welcome to the If you are, then welcome to the world of consultants. Good world of consultants. Good Luck !! Luck !!
Logical Framewor In conclusion, for effective project management .…
Logical Framewor Participatory Planning Feedback Project ID ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Project Preparation Project Appraisal and Financing ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Project Implementation ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Project Operation Monitoring and Evaluation
Logical Framewor If you need more information, please contact us at PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SERVICE Department of Agriculture Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City Tel No. (02) 9201407 or 9288741 loc 2228
Logical Framewor
Logical Framewor

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Logframe-Incl-Problem-Objective-Tree.ppt

  • 2.
  • 3.
    Logical Framewor 1. Promote R&Dactivities that are market- sensitive and demand driven 2. R&D priorities should be rationalized giving priority on commodities with expected higher comparative advantage and market potential
  • 4.
    Logical Framewor 3. Technically feasible, economically viable, environmentally sound, socially acceptable and organizationally manageable 4. Consistent with Donor’s Thrust and Priorities
  • 5.
    Logical Framewor The Logical Framework (logframe)approach was developed to improve project planning.
  • 6.
    Logical Framewor PROJECT OBJECTIVES The projectaims to enhance agricultural productivity in Lubang Island through improvement in rural infrastructures. PROJECT COMPONENTS • Rehabilitation of communal irrigation systems • Rehabilitation of national and farm-to-market roads • Construction of trading posts • Provision of water supply • Enhancement of electrical infrastructures • Construction of barangay halls
  • 7.
    Logical Framewor The approach requiresteamwork among participants as they develop RDE plans through the following steps: • Analysis of interest groups • Identification of core problem and research output • Development of planning matrix • Development of workplan and resource allocation * An important element of the method is the visualization of ideas through the use of colored cards and pinboards.
  • 8.
    Logical Framewor APPROACH: The logframeapproach consists of three inter-supportive elements: • The method guides the work process in the planning group, • The team approach provides the framework for studying problems from an interdisciplinary point of view, and for ensuring consideration of important interest groups and target groups, • Simultaneous visualization facilitates effective communication recording the contributions of the planning team and the results of its discussions.
  • 9.
    Logical Framewor PRINCIPLES: The logframeapproach is based on a few simple underlying principles: • Cooperation between and among project staff and partner organizations • Problems to be solved are linked with people, groups, and organizations. Resolution depends on a comprehensive picture of the interest groups, individuals, and organizations. • Identify constraints that impede the solution of a given problem. In addition, specify the concerns to be planned
  • 10.
    Logical Framewor • The logframemethod demands the definition of a hierarchy of objectives linked by means-ends hypothesis and complemented by certain assumptions and external conditions and influences. All inputs (activities, human and financial resources) are specified.
  • 11.
    Logical Framewor • Planning isan iterative process. It demand openness and creativity. Try to reach consensus at the end of each phase, and at the same time, leave options open for subsequent mutual revisions.
  • 12.
    Logical Framewor The Work Processand Facilities Required: The documents are elaborated step by step by the planning team and are permanently displayed for ready reference during the workshop. “Visualization”, the method used to support the communication process, requires the following materials: • Pinboards to help produce, display, and present the workshop documents; • Colored cards to collect and document ideas and information; • Large sheets of paper to permanently store the information contained on the cards; and • Pins, glue, scissors, masking tape, and colored markers.
  • 13.
  • 14.
    Logical Framewor Preparation of LogicalFramework 1. Overview of Planning Stages 2. Formulation of Logical Framework 3. Logical Framework and Project Implementation
  • 15.
    Logical Framewor I. Overview ofPlanning Stages of Analysis Stakeholder Analysis Problem Analysis Objective Analysis Project Selection
  • 16.
    Logical Framewor Stakeholder Analysis … analyzes individuals,groups and organizations which may be affected by/involved in the project …
  • 17.
    Logical Framewor Step 1: StakeholderAnalysis Framework – preconditions and constraints which are decided before a project is implemented. It includes:  Specification of the target area and sector  Project duration  Implementing agency  Budget  Beneficiaries  Confirmation of the project framework  Identification and analysis of groups who are likely to be most affected by the problems and analyze them
  • 18.
    CASE: THE COCONUTINDUSTRY OF KUNGSAAN PROVINCE Coconut is one of the most important crops in the Kungsaan Province covering 35% of cultivated land. Aside from producing around 60% of country’s coconut oil requirement, the coconut industry also provides direct or indirect employment to almost one third of the country's population. Despite the importance of the sector to the country's economy, modernization of the coconut industry has not taken place. Over the years, coconut production continues to decline resulting to decreasing income of coconut farmers and reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and coconut oils. Recently, exports of coconut products were also disrupted. The decline in yield is primarily due to failure of farmers to replace aging and unproductive stand of palms with new varieties of coconut palms. These can be attributed to farmer’s low access to needed inputs as well as their lack of technical skills in applying new varieties and farm inputs. The low market price of coconut further tends to discourage farmers to plant new coconut palms. The present situation is further aggravated by the presence of a viral disease called "Cadang- Cadang" or "yellow mottle", which kills millions of coconut trees each year. Majority of these affected coconuts are traditional varieties as they are less resistant to the virus. Moreover, farmers rarely apply plant protection measures. Considering the potential of the coconut farming to fuel industry growth, the Philippine Coconut Authority has proposed for a loan to International Buko Bank (IBB) to improve the performance of the industry.
  • 19.
    Logical Framewor • Group Categorization BeneficiariesPotential Opponents Implementing Agencies Decision- makers Funding Agencies • List all stakeholders Coconut farmers, PCA, LGUs, exporters, DA, IBB Coconut farmers PCA Department of Agriculture National government IBB Stakeholder Analysis
  • 20.
    Logical Framewor • Detailed Analysis– Coconut Farmers • List all stakeholders • Group Categorization Interest / Motives Increase income Strengths / Potentials Willing to try new technologies Implications for project planning Training for farmers Problems / Constraints Access to Inputs and technologies Stakeholder Analysis Characteristics No. of farmers: 21 million Annual Income: P40,000
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
     Develop aproblem tree What is a PROBLEM? A situation which is dissatisfying, can be changed but at the same time difficult to change.  Identifies the negative aspects of an existing situation and establishes the “cause and effect” relationships between the problems that exists.
  • 24.
    Problem 4 Steps inProblem Analysis a. Brainstorm all problems in the situation. b. Identify a common agreed core problem. c. Divide the other cards into causes and effects of the core problem; put then respectively below and above the core problem. d. Form a problem tree diagram showing the cause-and effect relationship. e. Review the diagram as a whole and verify its validity (are the cause and effect relationships correct and direct) and completeness (any key problems missing). Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 5 Problem 7 Problem 6 Problem 3 Problem 5 CORE PROBLEM Problem 5 Problem 4 Cause 1 Problem 6 Cause 2 Problem 7 Cause 3 Problem 2 Problem 2 Effect 1 Problem 3 Problem 3 Effect 2 Problem 1 Cause 1a PROBLEM TREE
  • 25.
    Logical Framewor Declining coconut production Coconut palms increasinglyaffected by virus diseases Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers lack technical skills Market prices are not attractive to farmers Declining income of coconut farmers Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Exports of coconut products were disrupted Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Declining coconut production Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers lack technical skills Market prices are not attractive to farmers Exports of coconut products were disrupted Declining income of coconut farmers Cause Effect Problem Tree Core Problem
  • 26.
    Logical Framewor Points to keepin mind for Points to keep in mind for Problem Analysis Problem Analysis  Avoid short-circuited analysis Avoid short-circuited analysis  Specific and clear Specific and clear  Same card loop Same card loop  Potential problems Potential problems “ A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. ” “ It is always wise to look ahead but difficult to look farther than you can. ”
  • 28.
  • 29.
    Logical Framewor  Describe thefuture situation that will be achieved by solving the problem PROBLEM OBJECTIVE Declining coconut production Increased coconut production Step 3: Objective Analysis
  • 30.
    Logical Framewor Steps in ObjectiveAnalysis a. Restate all elements in the problem tree into positive conditions which are - desirable - realistically achievable b. Review the “means and ends” relationship to assure the validity and completeness of the objective tree c. If necessary, - revise statements - add new objectives if these are relevant and necessary - delete objectives CORE PROBLEM - - - - - - + + + + + + OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE TREE CAUSE EFFECT MEANS END
  • 31.
    Logical Framewor Exports of coconut productswere disrupted Exports of coconut products were disrupted Exports of coconut products resumed Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Increased local supply of fresh coconut and oils Declining income of farmers Declining income of farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Gov’t price policy favorable to coconut production Farmers lack technical skills Farmers lack technical skills Farmers technical skills are enhanced Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Reduced occurrence of pests and diseases Declining coconut production Declining coconut production Increased coconut production Increased income of farmers Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers increasingly plant improved coconut varieties Farmers rarely apply plant protection measures Farmers practice effective pests and disease control system Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers’ access to needed inputs guaranteed Cause Effect Means Ends
  • 32.
    Logical Framewor … identifies theoptimum project strategies and components .. Stakeholder Analysis Problem Analysis Objective Analysis Project Selection
  • 33.
    Logical Framewor  Identify alternativeproject strategies or components  Prioritize strategies of comparative advantage  Decide which alternative(s) represent(s) an optimal project strategy Step 4: Alternative Analysis Production Support Rural Infrastructure Marketing Support
  • 34.
    Logical Framewor OBJECTIVE OBJ 1 OBJ2 OBJ 3 OBJ 1a OBJECTIVE TREE Production Support Rural Infrastructure Marketing Support Steps in Alternative Analysis •Review the presumed project framework (identify objectives which you do not want to pursue). •Group the objectives into sets of approaches and label them. •Choose the selection criteria for comparing the approaches (e.g. resources available, political feasibility, organizational mandate, technical feasibility economic viability, social risks, environmental impact, etc.) and assess the validity of each approach •Prioritize alternative strategies of comparative advantage •Decide on alternative(s) to be pursued.
  • 35.
    Logical Framewor CRITERIA CRITERIA Name ofApproach Name of Approach Production Production Support Support Rural Infrastructure Rural Infrastructure Marketing Marketing Support Support Target Group Target Group Policy Priorities Policy Priorities Main Activities Main Activities Main Inputs Main Inputs Feasibility of the Feasibility of the Approach (political, Approach (political, economic, etc.) economic, etc.) Sustainability Sustainability Possible Negative Impact Possible Negative Impact
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Logical Framewor II. Formulation ofLogical Framework ogical framework = Project Planning Matrix (PPM) = Project Design Matrix (PDM)  Simplified abstraction of the project  It help us: - visualize a project in context - identify the relationship between various components - think more analytically about cause and effect relationship  Some funding agencies that uses the logframe: Canada’s CIDA, Australia’s AusAID, Germany’s GTZ, European Union, WB, ADB, of the project
  • 40.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions PROJECT TITLE: ___________________ LOCATION: ________________________ VERSION NO: ______ DATE: ______
  • 41.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Meansof Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Increased income of coconut farmers Increased income of coconut farmers Increased coconut production Increased coconut production 1. 1. Middle-aged palms are Middle-aged palms are rehabilitated rehabilitated 2. 2. Management technologies Management technologies are disseminated are disseminated 1.1 Identification of critical areas 1.1 Identification of critical areas 1.2 Procurement of improved 1.2 Procurement of improved varieties varieties (Long Term Objective) Higher level objective; expected impact 3-5 years after the project is completed (Immediate Objective) Objective that the project should achieve at the end of the Implementation period (Project Deliverables) Strategies for achieving project Purpo Items the project will provide (e.g. goods, services, infrastructure Actions to be undertaken and resources required to achieve Outputs Indirect relationship; influence of implementers is limited Direct causal relationship Direct causal relationship
  • 42.
  • 43.
    Logical Framewor Exports of coconut productswere disrupted Exports of coconut products were disrupted Exports of coconut products resumed Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut and oils Increased local supply of fresh coconut and oils Declining income of farmers Declining income of farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Market prices are not attractive to farmers Gov’t price policy favorable to coconut production Farmers lack technical skills Farmers lack technical skills Farmers technical skills are enhanced Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Coconut palms increasingly affected by virus diseases Reduced occurrence of pests and diseases Declining coconut production Declining coconut production Increased coconut production Increased income of farmers Farmers do not plant new coconut palms Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers increasingly plant improved coconut varieties Farmers practice effective pests and disease control system Farmers have low access to needed inputs Farmers’ access to needed inputs guaranteed OVERALL GOAL PROJECT PURPOSE OUTPUT ACTIVITY
  • 44.
    Logical Framewor Outputs Activities 1 2 34 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 1-2 2-2 3-2 4-2 1-3 2-3 3-3 4-3 Sequential order Sequential order
  • 45.
    Logical Framewor Outputs Activities 1. Increased productionof potable water 2. Improved village management capacity Sequential order 1.1 Execute hydro-geological studies 1.2 Execute drillings 1.3. Maintaining wells 1.4 Systematically analyze water quality 2.1 Establish village water committee 2.2. Educate villagers in basic maintenance 2.3. Facilitate annual contracts Purpose Sustainable increased of available water
  • 46.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Tocreate stable and empowered local communities with sustainable food sources, viable livelihood, and improved farm income The marginal agricultural lands in the country are developed through the dissemination and adoption of appropriate soil and water conservation technologies. Farmers in the pilot conservation farming villages located in marginal lands are adopting sustainable farming practices focused on soil and water conservation, soil fertility improvement and enhancement and environmental protection. At the end of the project, 4 core CFVs representing different agro-ecological zones shall have been established. These core CFVs will have radiation in outlying villages. 1. Package of technologies for sustained productivity in marginal areas 2. Stable employment for farmers are created 3. Adequate food at affordable prices 4. Empowered LGUs and local communities
  • 47.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Irrigate26,920 ha new service area and ensure the irrigation supply of 55,100 ha service area of the existing Upper River Integrated irrigation System (UPRIIS) • Increase production • Increase farmers’ income • Improve local economy • Additional annual crop yield production of: Palay - 650,174 ton Corn - 15,792 ton Onion - 29,178 ton Eggplant- 4,108 ton • Additional annual production value of P6,118,712 • Generate employment during the construction and operation & maintenance period of the Irrigation System and farming activities
  • 48.
    Logical Framewor Comments: It wasrecommended to include components on a) training of farmers on technical know-how in maintaining crops; b) rehabilitation of disease infested banana farms following SOP; and c) advocacy on the presence of such laboratory in order to attract seedling buyers Project: Banana Tissue Culture Laboratory and Planting Material Dispersal Project Objective: To develop intensively the banana production under cocoland through establishment of a Banana Tissue Culture Laboratory and Nursery Center
  • 49.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary ObjectivelyVerifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Measures of goal achievement End of project status Magnitudes of outputs Planned completion date Nature and level of resources Necessary Cost Planned staring date Indicators / Targets Standards for measuring achievement
  • 50.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary ObjectivelyVerifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities S M A R T - Simple - Measurable - Attainable - Realistic - Time-bound Increased coconut production - Exciting - Rewarding E R Specified evidence as: [subject ] Coconut farmers [quantity] … increase their yield by 50%… [quality] … maintaining the same quality of harvest as 1999 crops… [time] … by 2009 … [place] … in Kungsaan Province …
  • 51.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary ObjectivelyVerifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Increased coconut production Coconut farmers in Kungsaan Province increase their yield by 50% by 2009, while maintaining the same quality of harvest as 1999 crops. Output Output Activities Activities
  • 52.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary ObjectivelyVerifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities To create stable and empowered local communities with sustainable food sources, viable livelihood, and improved farm income Four established CFVs and 4 CLC, 100 farmers leaders/trainors trained, 1000 farmer adopters trained; number of agro-technologies adopted; reduction of soil loss through erosion
  • 53.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative Summary ObjectivelyVerifiable Indicator Objectively Verifiable Indicator Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Irrigate 26,920 ha new service area and ensure the irrigation supply of 55,100 ha service area of the existing UPRIIS Implementation of the Project • Increased annual palay production of 13 million cavans • Increased cropping intensity from 147% to 187% • Increased number of business establishments dealing on: a. Agricultural inputs and machineries from 214 to 320 b. Crop Processing and Storage Ricemill: 135 to 200 Warehouse: 307 to 460 • Organized 23 IAs with 12,800 farmer-members • Increased crop production value from P2,764,606 to P8,883,324 • Increase production • Increase farmers’ income • Improve local economy
  • 54.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Verifiable Indicator Objectively Verifiable Indicator Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities To increase farmers’ income Increased income from P27,000 to P35,000 1. To decrease postharvest losses 2. To decrease transport cost 3. Increase/intensify production area 4. Diversify farming From P0.80/kg to P0.40/kg From 1.00/kg to P0.50/kg From 30 has to 50 has/2-3 croppings 3-5 commodities Rehabilitation of Balluay-Bagong FMR
  • 55.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Verification Meansof Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Sources of Data Sources of Data and Information and Information Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities  Type of Data Source Type of Data Source  Methods of Data Methods of Data Gathering Gathering  Human Resources and Human Resources and Necessary Cost for Data Necessary Cost for Data Collection Collection  Time and Timing Time and Timing • Accessibility • Reliability • Relevance
  • 56.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Verification Meansof Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Sector/country report generated by the national planning agency or implementing agency Agency or donor evaluation reports; may involve data gathering process Technical and administrative reports produced by the implementing team
  • 57.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator (OVI) (OVI) Means of Means of Verification Verification (MOV) (MOV) Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Increased coconut production Coconut farmers in Kungsaan Province increase their yield by 50% by 2009, while maintaining the same quality of harvest as 1999 crops PCA Evaluation Report Bank Report
  • 58.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification VerificationImportant Assumptions Important Assumptions Goal Goal • Assumptions/risks that are crucial to project success • External conditions beyond the control of the project • Either pre-requisites for successful implementation or constraints anticipated • Unpredictable conditions (make sure they are not killer assumptions) Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities
  • 59.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator (OVI) (OVI) Means of Means of Verification Verification (MOV) (MOV) Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Women start Women start income income generating generating activities activities Output Output 1. 1. Women obtain Women obtain necessary necessary skills to start skills to start businesses businesses 2. 2. Women can Women can access micro- access micro- credit credit Activities Activities Husbands allow their wives to venture on income generating activities
  • 60.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification VerificationImportant Assumptions Important Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities “ “Killer Killer” ” Assumptions Assumptions  Necessary conditions Necessary conditions that are deemed to be that are deemed to be unmet unmet  Conditions that are Conditions that are unavoidable even by unavoidable even by changing part of the changing part of the project components project components
  • 61.
    Logical Framewor Note: • Assess theprobability of occurrence for the external factors Quite likely but not certain = Important Assumption 10 inches of rainfall between May and October Not likely to occur = Killer Assumption !! Absence of Typhoons
  • 62.
    Logical Framewor Identifying Important Identifying Important Assumptions Assumptions Isthis assumption IMPORTANT ? Can this assumption be CONTROLLED by the project ? What is the LIKELIHOOD the assumption will be met ? It is not an important assumption No It is not an important assumption Yes It is not an important assumption Very High Is it possible to change the project Approach? Very Low Change part of the project to avoid the effect of the assumption Yes It is a Killer Assumption NO It is an important assumption Quite likely Consider the other project approach Yes No
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    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions  Physical, financial and Physical, financial and human resources human resources needed for the needed for the implementation of the implementation of the project project  Be specified Be specified separately by related separately by related institutions when institutions when
  • 65.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Objectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Meansof Verification Means of Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions JICA Personnel Long-term Experts xxx Project Leader xxx Irrigation Expert xxx Institutional Expert xxx Short-term Experts xxx As required Equipment Pumps xxx Vehicles xxx XXX DA Personnel Project Manager xxx Technical Staff xxx Clerical Staff xxx Facilities Training facility xxx Local Cost ROW xxx Proj. Mgt. cost xxx Taxes xxx XXX
  • 66.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Objectively Verifiable Indicator Verifiable Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Assumptions Important Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions Conditions Conditions needed to start needed to start project project implementation implementation
  • 67.
    Logical Framewor Narrative Summary Narrative SummaryObjectively Verifiable Objectively Verifiable Indicator Indicator Means of Means of Verification Verification Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Goal Goal Purpose Purpose Output Output Activities Activities Inputs Inputs Preconditions Preconditions HORIZONTAL LOGIC Project results; benefit to target group Results to be achieved by the end of project implementation Agency/ donor evaluation reports Factors necessary to sustain project gains reports
  • 68.
    Logical Framewor Activities if Outputs then VERTICAL LOGIC NarrativeSummary Important Assumptions and Assumptions Assumptions Purpose Goal Assumptions
  • 69.
    Logical Framewor VERTICAL LOGIC Narrative Summary NarrativeSummary Goal Goal Household income Household income increases increases Purpose Purpose Women start income Women start income generating activities generating activities Outputs Outputs 1. 1. Women obtain Women obtain necessary skills to start necessary skills to start businesses businesses 2. 2. Women can access Women can access micro-credit micro-credit Activities Activities 1.1 1.1 Business training Business training courses are provided courses are provided 1.2 1.2 Handicraft training Handicraft training courses are provided courses are provided 2.1 2.1 Information about Information about micro micro credit is provided credit is provided Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Preconditions • Women can attend the training courses • Husbands allow their wives to venture on income generating activities • Marketing system is established. • People have enough purchasing power • DSWD continue to focus on women’s economic empowerment For sustainability of the Project
  • 70.
    Logical Framewor VERTICAL LOGIC Narrative Summary NarrativeSummary Goal Goal To create stable and empowered local To create stable and empowered local communities with sustainable food communities with sustainable food sources, viable livelihood, and sources, viable livelihood, and improved farm income improved farm income Purpose Purpose The marginal agricultural lands in the The marginal agricultural lands in the country are developed through the country are developed through the dissemination and adoption of dissemination and adoption of appropriate soil and water appropriate soil and water conservation technologies. conservation technologies. Outputs Outputs • Package of technologies for Package of technologies for sustained productivity in marginal sustained productivity in marginal areas areas • Stable employment for farmers are Stable employment for farmers are created created • Adequate food at affordable prices Adequate food at affordable prices Important Important Assumptions Assumptions • Funds are available • Peace and order situation allows continuous field activities • There is no severe climatic aberration • Collaborating agencies will provide resources as required • Priorities of the current government will not change • Peace and order does not hamper project implementation For sustainability of the Project
  • 71.
    Logical Framewor Logframe-Appraisal Logframe-Appraisal  Is yourLogical Framework Is your Logical Framework logical? logical?  Was the Logframe formation process adequate?  Is your project viable from the perspectives of: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, Relevance, and Sustainability ? ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary
  • 72.
    Logical Framewor The PDM providesin a table form a summary of : WHY is the project being carried out? WHAT does the project expect to achieve? WHAT results does the project must bring about? HOW can the project achieve these results? WHAT external factors will be crucial to the success of the project? HOW can the success of the project be assessed? WHERE can data required to assess the success of the project be found WHAT the project will cost in terms of time, manpower and other material resources Goal Purpose Output Important Assumptions OVI Input Formulation of Project Design Matrix MOV Activities
  • 73.
    Logical Framewor PROJECT OBJECTIVES The primarygoal of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing the disposable incomes of small holder farm families. Specifically, the project will: 1. Improve agricultural production to ensure sufficient income of farmers; 2. Transform farmers’ organization into self-reliant/viable organizations; 3. Introduce modern agricultural technologies such as IPM, hybrid varieties, seeds and stocks, and farm machineries; 4. To provide easy access to credit facilities; 5. To provide infrastructure support services like irrigation, post harvest facilities and FMRs.
  • 74.
    Logical Framewor Are you nowready to Are you now ready to prepare the PDM of your prepare the PDM of your project ? project ?  If you are, then welcome to the If you are, then welcome to the world of consultants. Good world of consultants. Good Luck !! Luck !!
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    Logical Framewor Participatory Planning Feedback Project ID ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Meansof Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Project Preparation Project Appraisal and Financing ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Project Implementation ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OUTPUT OUTPUT PURPOSE PURPOSE GOAL GOAL Important Important Assumptions Assumptions Means of Means of Verification Verification Objectively Objectively Verifiable Verifiable Indicator Indicator Narrative Narrative Summary Summary Project Operation Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 77.
    Logical Framewor If you needmore information, please contact us at PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SERVICE Department of Agriculture Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City Tel No. (02) 9201407 or 9288741 loc 2228
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