Project Planning and Evaluation Techniques

1. A Presentation on
Logical Framework
Course Title: Project Planning and Evaluation Techniques
Course Code: DS 3207

2. Presented by-
Md. Ayatullah Khan
Student ID: 152119
Development Studies Discipline
Khulna University

3. Contents
 Introduction
 Concept of Logical Framework
 Components of Logical Framework
 Importance of Logical Framework
 Conclusion

4. Introduction
 Logical Framework is widely used by
donors and governments in the planning
and evaluation of different types of projects.
 The logical framework is a newly invented
process of project formulation,
implementation, analysis and evaluation in
the present world.
 It is a mixed experience of the planners to
finalize the planning in the adverse situation
of the internal and external world.

5.  The planners, economists, project
managers, and government officers have
faced critical situation during project
formulation, implementation and
evaluation.
 To avoid this situation, Logical
Framework has originated and developed
for the world countries.

6. Concept of Logical Framework
 The logical framework is a document that
provides an overview of the objectives,
activities and resources of a project.
 The logical framework was first formally
adopted as a planning tool to help
conceptualize a project, analyze the
assumptions behind it and for overseas
development activities by USAID in the early
1970s.
 Since the development of the Logical
Framework, it has been adopted with various
adaptations by a large number of bilateral and
international development organizations.

7. According to Practical concept
incorporated Washinton D.C. USA, “The
logical framework offers a way to clarify the
project design, thus showing whether the
undertaking is practicable, worthwhile and
susceptible to scientific assumption.”
According to Dr. Mokbul Ahmed Khan,
“The logical framework is a way of organizing
information and activities so that a number of
different points of view can be brought to
bear simultaneously and in complement rather
than in opposition.”

8. The logical framework is a tool or a
document which can be used in many
different approaches. It can be
 A management or systematic tool for
designing, planning, implementing, and
monitoring and evaluating a project or
program.
 A tool for systematic thinking for relating
inputs to the implementation of activities,
activities to the production of outputs,
outputs to the achievement of a defined
purpose and purpose to a high-level goal or
impact.

9.  A tool for identifying and assessing risks by
listing critical assumptions inherent in
project design and implementation.
 A tool for measuring project progress
through objectively verifiable indicators and
means of verification.
 A tool for developing consensus and
communicating a project‟s intent and
strategy.
 A tool to examine the progress of the
project and co-relate the activities carried
out and results achieved.

10. Components of Logical
Framework
A logical framework is a concise document that outlines
the key features that lead to a project achieving its goal.A
logical framework consists of a 4 column by 4 or 5 row
matrix.
 The first column represents the hierarchy of activities to
outcomes that needs to occur for the project to
succeed.
 The second column represents the indicators that are
appropriate measures of whether the activities, outputs
or outcomes have been achieved.
 The third column represents the data source, or means
to verify the indicator.
 The last column is very important, and outlines the
assumptions that need to hold true for that particular
activity, output or outcome to occur.

11. Narrative Summary
(NS)
Objectively
Verifiable
Indicators
(OVI)
Means of
Verification
(MV)
Important
Assumption
(IA)
Project/Goal
Project Purpose
Outputs
Activities/Inputs
Figure: Logical Framework Matrix

12. The components of logical framework are
divided into two portions-
Components ofVertical Part
Components of Horizontal Part

13. Components ofVertical Part
The components of vertical part identify
what the project intends to do, clarify the
causal relationships, and specify the
important goals and purposes beyond the
project manager's control. Its consist of-
Goal: The goal constitutes the long-term
vision for the project. It states the long-
term social and economic impacts to
which the project will contribute and
describe why the project is important for
the beneficiaries and for the society.

14. Project Purpose: states the expected
outcomes or direct effects of the project.
These are the benefits which the
beneficiaries derive from the project. The
purpose states why the project is needed by
the beneficiaries.
Outputs: state the services that the
beneficiaries will receive from the project
and what the project will be responsible for
delivering.
Activities/Inputs: constitute the means to
achieve the goals. The activities/inputs tackle
the causes/reasons of the core problems. The
inputs are the work that is done by those
involved in the project.

15.  „Relationship among the components
of vertical part’ means that one thing
leads to another:
the activities/inputs lead to tangible
outputs;
the outputs lead to the project‟s purpose;
the purpose contributes to one or more
goals.

16.  Components of Horizontal Part
The components of horizontal part define how
project objectives specified in the project
description will be measured and the means by
which the measurement will be verified. This
provides the framework for project monitoring
and evaluation. Its consist of-
 Narrative Summary: This term used to
describe the text that narrates or describes
the objectives. It could have been given the
title because the bottom cell in the column
is a summary of the activities.

17.  Objectively Verifiable Indicators:
specify the performance standard to be
reached in order to achieve the goal, the
purpose and the outputs of the project.
Objectively Verifiable Indicators must be
SMART- specific, measureable, available,
relevant and time bound. Characteristics
of Objectively Verifiable Indicators are as
followed
- Measuring indicator what is important in
the project
- Indicator must be believable
- Indicator must be targeted
- Indicators are independent

18.  Means of Verification: indicate what source of
information will be used to verify progress
towards or achievement of indicators. Means of
verification clearly describe where and in what
form the necessary data will be obtained.
Verification is sometimes difficult and may
require special funding.
 Important Assumption: state the assumptions
relating to the Goal, Outcome, Outputs and all
the Activities of the Project. An assumption is a
positive statement of a condition that must be
met for the project's objectives to be achieved.
Some assumptions relate to activities in other
projects.

19. Importance of Logical Framework
At present, logical framework is widely used by
the different international organizations regarding
World Bank and different countries for the
formulation of internal project design.
Importance of logical framework is discussed
below:
 Reduce Planning Confusion: Most of the
project planning was formulated incomplete,
complex and unclear due to lack of any scientific
framework of project formulation. After the
formulation of logical framework, it is possible to
reduce the all planning confusion of a project.

20.  Determine Responsibility Management:
Logical framework determine the definite
responsibility management through the direction of
overall project work, work time and responsible
person of the project including the government
project and others.
 Approving Evaluation Process: Due to
undetermined responsibility management, project
evaluation is naturally hampered. But logical
framework provides a clear idea about evaluation
process which helps to approve the evaluation
process easily.
 Accessibility and Straightforwardness: The
advantages of logical framework are that simple,
accessible, clear and straightforward and there is
complexity. It depends on the user experience
about development project, successful management
and his/her acquiring knowledge.

21.  Recitation of Important Questions: Logical
framework accounts the important questions of a
project. These questions include: Which amount of
resources are required to start the project and from
where the work will be started etc.
 Formulation of Project Appraisal: In this
process, some dynamic and related concepts are
placed in such a way that it is possible to formulate a
fair, realistic and evaluable project appraisal.
 Complementary/Supportive Ideas: Another
important feature of the logical framework is that
worked as a complementary among the project
information‟s and proceedings through neutral
verifiable measures, means of verification and
important estimation. From this perspective, the
importance of logical framework is undeniable.

22.  Increase Acceptability of the Project: In the
logical framework, project is formulated and
implemented through Program Management, Basic
Scientific Method and System Analysis perspective.
For this reason the acceptability of the project is
higher rather than failures.
 Future Guidelines: The value of logical framework
is huge in providing future guidelines and right
evaluation.
 Role in Achieving the Aim of the Project: In the
project implementation period, the uncertainty of
the progress has been increased. So, it is important
to predict about the nature and consequences of the
uncertainty of project implementation. These
predictable concepts play important role to make
the project successful. Logical framework helps to
create those concepts.

23. Conclusion
 To conclude, the importance of logical
framework is huge while formulating and
implementing the project through
identifying different problems and
providing the way of evaluating.
 It is recognized as an important and a
necessary process to all the planners and
the utility of logical framework has
recognized in the recent times.

24.  Different international organizations
including World Bank widely use the
logical framework. To speak the truth, a
project whether is available for the funds
allocation at all, is shown through the
logical framework.