Lexicography involves processes for determining word meanings and constructing dictionaries. It includes designing guidelines, researching words and definitions, and formatting entries for publication. There are two related disciplines: practical lexicography focuses on compiling dictionaries, while theoretical lexicography analyzes lexicons and develops theories to improve dictionaries. Corpora are important resources used in both disciplines to study word usage and inform dictionary content. Word sketches were developed to efficiently analyze large corpora and streamline the process of identifying relevant collocates for dictionary entries.
Lexicography is one of the main focus of linguists. Why dictionaries are compiled? how dictionaries are compiled? who compiles a dictionary? Does he master the words or words master him? all such stuff lies in the realm of lexicographic domain.
presentation of papers
Maxime Lefrançois, Romain Gugert, Fabien Gandon et al. (2013) Application of the Unit Graphs Framework to Lexicographic Definitions in the RELIEF project. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Meaning-Text Theory (MTT'2013).
and
Maxime Lefrançois, Fabien Gandon (2013) The Unit Graphs Framework: A graph-based Knowledge Representation Formalism designed for the Meaning-Text Theory. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Meaning-Text Theory (MTT'2013).
Lexicography and Lexicology from a Pan-European Perspective: COST ENeL Workin...eveline wandl-vogt
COST ENeL WG4 progress report, informing about the work in working group 4 on pan-european lexicology and lexicography; including adminstrative issues, gender-balance, research topics and research proposals.
In recent years, lexicography has witnessed an emergence of the digital medium, which has brought many new possibilities for dictionary makers and lexicographers, and has also lead to an emergence of field of e-lexicography. Yet, the digital medium has also brought new challenges for lexicographers who have larger and larger corpora at their disposal, but due to raised expectations of users demanding quick access to up-to-date dictionary information, very little time to analyse them in. This problem is especially significant when it comes to compiling a dictionary from scratch, a prospect faced by the team working on the Dictionary of Contemporary Slovene Language (DCSL).
In my presentation, I will first describe the five-phase lexicographical process of DCSL (Kosem et al. 2013, Gantar et al., in print) and then focus on the first two phases, namely automatic extraction of lexical data from the corpus and post-processing of extracted data, the latter also including the use of crowdsourcing for data clean-up. I will show that the benefits of such an approach are considerable, and do not result in any loss of relevant information for subsequent lexicographic analysis, and consequently in any loss of reliability of dictionary content.
towards mulitlingual cultural lexicography. the russian dialect dictionary as...eveline wandl-vogt
the presentation introduces into a new collaboration between the russian academy of sciences and the austrian academy of sciences. the project described is the russian dialect dictionary. the presentation introduces first time into the main project ideas concerning research infrastructures, interoperability and accessability. the transformation process is discussed against the background of open science, citizen science and open innovation.
added value of the collaboration and first steps towards cultural lexicography are discussed on the example of the collaboration with the natural history museum in vienna and on the reusability of common names for cultural heritage instituions such as europeana.
Lexicographers don’t decide which words are proper, they struggle with words like love.
They certainly have a favorite word.
Internet makes lexicographers life easier.
It took almost fifty years to create the first Oxford English dictionary.
Sample sentences from dictionaries can make interesting short stories.
The longest word in the dictionary is the name of a lung disease “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis”
A murder was a contributor to the first oxford English dictionary “ William Chester Minor”
The dictionary included a fake word for five years “dord”
LoCloud Vocabulary Services: Thesaurus management introduction, Walter Koch a...locloud
This presentation provides an introduction to thesaurus management in the LoCloud Vocabulary Services given during the LoCloud training workshops. It provides an introduction to controlled vocabularies, thesaurus for information retrieval and interoperability, to SKOS, multilingual vocabulary issues and to the federated model adopted for thesaurus management within the LoCloud service, which is based in TemaTres. The presentation includes a list of the vocabularies that have been integrated within the LoCloud service. There is also a walk-through of MediaThread and how this was used in the vocabulary management training offered in the workshop.
CBTS is considered a new paradigm in the discipline of Translation Studies. it is also considered a new methodology , which based is on Corpus linguistics and DTS......
Multilingual vocabularies for the Web: Session on multilingual vocabularies, ...Daniel Vila Suero
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See http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php/VocDay_workshop_in_Lisbon and http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php/Agenda2
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. 1. DEFINITION
Lexicography
processes involved in the determination of word meaning
and the construction of dictionaries
designing domain specific guidelines for dictionary construction
research and gathering of old and new words and the associated
quotations
etymologies and pronunciations
researching and writing of definitions
researching word usage
text encoding and formatting for storage and publication.
3. Cont.
etymologies and pronunciations
researching and writing of definitions
researching word usage
text encoding and formatting for storage
and publication.
4. TWO RELATED DSICIPLINES:
a) Practical lexicography
The art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries.
b) Theoretical lexicography
The scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing the
semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon
(vocabulary) of a language.
Developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data
in dictionaries.
The needs for information by users in specific types of situation.
How users may best access the data incorporated in printed and electronic
dictionaries.
This is sometimes referred to as 'metalexicography'.
5. 2. SCOPE OF THE USED OF LEXICOGRAPHY IN
LANGUAGE STUDY
Practical lexicographic work involves several activities, and the compilation of
well crafted dictionaries require careful consideration of some of the
following aspect:
• Profiling the intended users
• Defining the communicative and cognitive functions of the dictionary
• Selecting and organizing the components of the dictionary
• Choosing the appropriate structures for presenting the data in the dictionary
• Selecting words and affixes for systematization as entries
• Selecting collocations, phrases and examples
• Choosing lemma forms for each word or part of word to be lemmatized
• Defining words and organizing definitions
• Specifying pronunciations of words
• Labeling definitions and pronunciations for register and dialect
• Selecting equivalents in bi- and multilingual dictionaries
• Translating collocations, phrases and examples in bi- and multilingual
dictionaries
• Designing the best way in which users can access the data in printed and
electronic dictionaries
6. Theoretical lexicography
- Concerns the same aspects as lexicography but is meant to
lead to the development of principles that can improve the
quality of future dictionaries. Several branches of such
academic dictionary research are:
• Dictionary criticism - evaluating the quality of one
or more dictionaries
• Dictionary history - tracing the traditions of a type of
dictionary in a particular country or language
• Dictionary typology - classifying the various genres
of reference works (ex: monolingual versus bilingual
dictionary)
• Dictionary structure - formatting the various ways
in which the information is presented in a dictionary
• Dictionary use - observing the reference acts and
skills of dictionary users
• Dictionary IT - applying computer aids to the process
of dictionary compilation
7. 3. Relevance to Language Learning/
Corpus Linguistics
• Printed bilingualised learners’ dictionaries,
typically include an L2 definition immediately
followed by an L1 translation and provide access
to both monolingual and bilingual information.
• The corpora that they use to produce the
dictionary:
HOW THEY DECIDE?
Current, reliable, user friendly, more information,
and relevancy.
8. 4. TYPE OF CORPora USED IN LANGUAGE
STUDY
• Corpora are used for the production of dictionaries and
grammar books.
• Examples : for dictionaries: Collins Cobuild, British National
Corpus (BNC), Longman Corpus Network and Online
Dictionaries.
• For Grammar books: COBUILD Corpus of Spoken and
Written British, American and Australian English, LOB
Corpus of Written British English, Kohlapur Corpus of
Written Indian English, London-Lund Corpus of Spoken
British English, UTS/Macquarie Corpus of Spoken Australian
English.
9.
10. 5. APPLICATION ON LANGUAGE RESEARCH
• Grammar books
• Oxford English Dictionary (OED)
• BNC (British National Corpus on-line)website,
which in this case includes literary and
journalistic texts
11. 6. Other Relevant
Information
• Professor Kev Nair is regarded as the father of fluency
lexicography. - Fluency lexicography came into existence as a
separate branch of dictionary writing
• Lexicography is not merely focusing on English language but
also other language as well like Arabic Lexicography and
German Lexicography.
• Lexicographer is a linguist whose specific expertise is in
writing dictionaries.
• A lexicographer is concerned with what words are, what they
mean, how the vocabulary of a language is structured, how
speakers of the language use and understand the words, how
the words evolved and what relationships exists between
words.
12. 7. Conclusion
• Lexicography is divided into two related discipline
that is practical lexicography and theoretical
lexicography.
• The relevancy of lexicography to language
learning and corpus linguistics.
• Lexicography corpora.
• Related studies pertaining to lexicography.
13. SYNOPSIS
Lexical Profiling Software and its Lexicographic
Applications – a Case Study
Adam Kilgarriff and Michael Rundell
http:// www.kilgarriff.co.uk/2002-kilgRundell-
Euralex-Sketches
14. PROBLEM
TECHNOLOGY
• Large corpus & easily access = leads to
information overload
• Traditional’ approach analysing data make
unreasonable demands towards human
memory.
• Time-consuming
• Human editors cannot process such high
volumes of data with any degree of reliability.
15. SOLUTIONS
1. COBUILD project (early 1980s)
: a corpus of not much over 7 million words–
and often found themselves wanting more
2. WORD SKETCHES
: aim to improve on existing collocate lists by
using POS-tagged and (partially) analysed corpus
data to identify the relevant collocates for a
range of distinct grammatical relations.
16. CORPUS
• creating the text for the new Macmillan
English Dictionary (MED) : Word Sketches for
over 8000 English words
: CORPUS:over 200 million words
: EASY & DIFFICULT WORDS
: examples: forge (easy) & challenge (difficult)
17. FINDINGS
1. The Word Sketches not only streamlined the
process of searching for significant word
combinations, but often provided a more revealing,
and more efficient, way of uncovering the key
features of a word's behaviour than the (now
traditional) method of scanning concordances.
2.For genuinely difficult words – the Word Sketches
provided far more than just a rapid summary of
collocational preferences.
18. REFLECTIONS
1. This assignment opens our mind towards
something that we never think before on
how the dictionary is produced. It is a
challenging task actually to enlighten others.
2. The challenging part to finish this task is to
get full cooperation from all parties involved.
3. It makes us realise the importance of
cooperation.