The document discusses corpus-based translation studies (CBTS), highlighting its definition, background, and methodologies utilized in translation analysis. It emphasizes the role of various types of corpora—general, special, historical, learner, monolingual, comparable, and parallel—in examining language use in translation and improving translation practices. Mona Baker is noted as a key figure in this field, proposing the application of corpus linguistics to enhance understanding of translation processes.

1. TOPIC :
CORPUS BASED TRANSLATION
STUDIES( CBTS)
By
MUHAMMAD HABIB UR REHMAN
SUBJECT : TRANSLATION STUDIES

2. TOPICS
• Corpus ( Corpora )
• What are corpora used for ?
• Background of CBTS
• Beginning of CBTS
• What is meant by Corpus based
• Explanation
• Role of Corpora in Translation Studies and types of Corpus.
• Closing

3. CORPUS ( CORPORA )
A corpus is defined in terms of
• form
• purpose
The word corpus is used to describe a collection of examples of language collected for linguistic
study.
It can also describe collections of texts stored and accessed electronically. (Hunston:2002).
Corpus planning and design is functional to some linguistic purpose. It is on this basis that texts
are selected and stored, so that they can be studied quantitatively and qualitatively.

4. WHAT ARE CORPORA USED FOR ?
• Corpora are often used for language teaching and learning. They give information
about how a language works.
• They also help calculate the relative frequency of different features.
• Exploring corpora can help students to observe nuances of usage and to make
comparisons between languages.
• Corpora are also used to investigate cultural attitudes expressed through
language.

5. BACKGROUND OF CBTS
• DTS is proposed by Holmes (1972)
• There are three main empirical phenomena in DTS
• 1. Product 2 . Process. 3 . Function
• DTS is at heart of the discipline because it interects with Translation theory (
Toury)
• Corpus Linguistics
• Language is a social phenomena
• Language reproduce cultural from generation to generation

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• Language in use involves both routine and creative
• Language in use is systematically haterogeneous
• Corpus linguistics and Descriptive Translation Studies ( DTS )
1. Both based on empirical perspective
2. Both approaches affirm that generalisation based on the study of large
collection of text ( Corpus ) not just individual instance.

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• On the bases of similarities that exist between DTS and Corpus Linguistics new
methodology by Corpus Linguistics be used by Translation scholars to explore
some fundamental theoretical issues that pertain to the nature of Translation

8. BEGINNING OF CBTS
• Mona Baker is also know as the “ Mother of Corpus Based Translation
Studies”.
Mona Baker firstly gave the idea of exploiting the analytical tools of Corpus
linguistics to study the product and process translation from descriptive point of
view.
• First half of 90s is considered the dawn of pure CBTS.
• CBTS also know as
1. Corpus based approach
2. New paradigm in Translation Studies

9. WHAT IS MENT BY CORPUS BASED..
• The term Corpus based is used to refer to a methodology that availas itself of
corpus mainly to expound , test , examplify theories and description.

10. CBTS
“
The use of Corpus linguistics technologies to inform
and elucidate the translation process , something that is
increasingly accessible through advance in computer
technology”

11. CBTS
• CBTS provides a method for description of language use in translation.
• CBTS has strong links with target- oriented and descriptive translation studies.
• Large corpora of both original and translated texts together with the
development of Corpus driven methodology would enable translation scholars “
to uncover the nature of translated text as a mediated communicative events “ .
• CBTS analyze the translated and non translated text.
• CBTS also tell the similarities and differences of translated and non translated text.

12. CBTS
• Experimental and empirical research go hand in hand in CBTS.
• In CBTS students or translators can improve the quality of their translation by
designing b, creating , exploring and exploiting Corpora.

13. ROLE OF CORPUS IN TRANSLATION STUDIES
General Corpora:
contain text of different types of not related to any specific
domain.
General copora in TS:
It is also know as a reference Corpora .
Used to produce reference material for translation.
Example:
Brown Corpus ( 1 million words )

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Special Corpora:
Contain text of a particular domain.
Special Corpora in TS.
Used to investigate a particular type of language.
Example:
Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English ( 5 million words)

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Historical Corpora:
Contain texts from different historical periods. It is also known
as Diachronic Corpora.
Historical Corpora in TS :
Help to trace the development of language over time.
Example :
Helsinki Corpus ( 700 to 1700 texts)

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Learner Corpora:
Contain texts which are produced by the learners of second
language.
Learner Corpora in TS :
They are used to identify differences among learner’s frequency of words and types
of mistakes.
Example :
International Corpus of Learner English ( 20,000 words )

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Monolingual Corpora :
Contain texts in a single language.
Monolingual Corpora in TS :
• Help to analyze or identify characteristics of genre or author style.
• Help to check the naturalness.
Example :
British National Corpus

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Comparable Corpora:
is a collection of “ similar” texts in different
languages or in different varieties of a language. However they are
not translation of each other therefore are not alligned.
Comparable Corpora in TS :.
• Used to compare the variety of different languages on same topic.
• Used to identify differences and equivalence of each language in
comparable corpora.
Example : International Corpus of English ( 1 million words )

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Parallel Corpora :
consist of two monolingual corpora . One is the translation of the
other , therefore both are aligned.
Parallel Corpora in TS.
Help to find potential equivalent expression in each language and to investigate
difference between languages.
Example :
Novel and its translation

20. CLOSING
Thank you for your attention .