Lexical semantics
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This document discusses lexical semantics and lexical relations. It defines lexical semantics as the study of word meanings in a language. It then describes different types of semantic relationships between words, including synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, polysemy, homonymy, and metonymy. Examples are provided for each type of semantic relationship. The document concludes that the meanings of words in a language are interrelated through these various lexical relations.
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Reference and Denotation
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Reference is the relation between a language expression such as this door, both doors, the dog, another dog and whatever the expression pertains to in a particular situation of language use, including what a speaker many imagine.
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Note :
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SYNONYM
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ANTONYM
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POLYSEMY
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HYPONYM
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LEXICAL & GRAMMATICAL MEANING
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- Language knowledge consists of universal principles and parameters that vary across languages. Parameters specify word order and position of elements in phrases.
- Phrases have a hierarchical tree structure and are headed by certain elements like verbs or nouns. The position of heads relative to complements is specified by the Head Parameter.
- Binding theory addresses the relationship between referring expressions like pronouns and their antecedents within sentences. It defines classes of words and constraints on their reference.
Resumen Unit 5
The document discusses different types of lexical and semantic relations between words, including:
- Paradigmatic relations, which involve words that could replace each other in the same syntactic position based on semantic categories like countable/uncountable nouns.
- Syntagmatic relations, which occur between words that co-occur in the same sentence based on syntactic and semantic dependencies, like a verb requiring certain types of objects.
- The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach analyzes word meanings using a small set of semantic primes and reductive paraphrase into simpler concepts.
Word Meaning
Word Meaning
Dr. Khaleel B. Al Bataineh
Department of English Language and Translation
Amman Arab University
Latest Development Ion Ppt Saba
The document discusses various theories and developments in phonetics and phonology over time. It covers pre-20th century study of sounds, the concept of the phoneme, early North American phonology including the work of Sapir and Bloomfield. It also discusses generative phonology proposed by Chomsky and Halle, as well as later theories including autosegmental phonology proposed by Goldsmith focusing on representation of tones.
Latest Development Ion Ppt Saba
The document discusses various theories and developments in phonetics and phonology over time. It covers pre-20th century study of sounds, the concept of the phoneme, early North American phonology including the work of Sapir and Bloomfield. It also discusses generative phonology proposed by Chomsky and Halle, as well as more recent theories like autosegmental phonology proposed by Goldsmith focusing on tone and the multi-linear representation of phonological features.
Latest Development In Phonetics And Phonology
The document provides an overview of the development of phonetic and phonological theory from the 19th century to modern generative theories. It discusses early work in phonetics before the 20th century. It then covers various 20th century frameworks and theories including the phoneme, North American phonology, glossematics, stratificational phonology, generative phonology, autosegmental phonology, metrical phonology, and others. The document aims to outline the major currents of phonological theory over time.
Latest Development In Phonetics And Phonology
The document provides an overview of the development of phonetic and phonological theory from the 19th century to modern generative theories. It discusses early work in phonetics before the 20th century. It then covers various 20th century frameworks and theories including the phoneme, North American phonology, glossematics, stratificational phonology, generative phonology, autosegmental phonology, metrical phonology, and others. The document aims to outline the major currents of phonological theory over time.
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This document provides an overview of syntax from a traditional linguistics perspective. It discusses key concepts in syntax including parts of a sentence, subjects and predicates, and grammatical elements like objects, complements, phrases, clauses, and mood. It explains how sentences are analyzed based on relationships between these elements. Various rules and conventions for sentence formation in English and other languages are also outlined.
Linguistic resources
1) Language encodes gender in various linguistic elements like pronouns, lexical items, and grammatical structures.
2) Linguistic resources like tone of voice, vocabulary choice, and pronunciation can signal gender aspects of a speaker's presentation.
3) Perceptions of phonetic segments like the /s/ sound can differ based on beliefs about a speaker's gender.
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Lexical semantics
- 1. LEXICAL SEMANTICS GEOUP MEMBERS ABDUL WAHAB AREEBA MAJEED JAVERIA AKHTER
- 2. LEXICAL SEMANTICS LEXICAL RELTIONS KINDS OF SEMNTIC RELATIONSHIPS CONCLUSION CONTENTS:
- 3. WHAT IS LEXICAL SEMANTICS SEMANTICS: Study of linguistic meaning. LEXICAL SEMANTICS: Lexical semantic deal with a language’s lexicon, or the collection of word in a language. Study of word meaning To represent a Each word in a language. Meaning of word in a language are interrelated.
- 4. LEXICAL RELATION: There are different types of lexical relation. A lexeme or semantic word may be in a number of these relations called networks. PEAK; part of the mountains near synonyms of summit . PEAK; part of the hat near synonym of visor
- 5. HOMONYMY SYNONYMY ANTONYMY Homophones POLYSEMY PROTOTYP E o KINDS OF SEMANTICS RELATIONSHIPS METONYMY HYPONYMY
- 6. Prototypes For example: HYPERNYMY And hyponymy When the meaning of one form is included in The meaning of another, the relationship describe as hyponymy. For example: Animal/dog Rose/flower
- 7. Synonym Synonym are words with the same or similar meanings. e.g. long time / extend time beautiful / adorable POLYSEMY WHEN WE ENCOUNTRE TWO OR MORE WORDS With the same form and related meaning E.g. The word head, use to refer to the object on top of your body.
- 8. homophones homonyms When two or more different forms have the same pronunciation e.g. Meat/ meet. Flower/ flour Homonym is two or more words that have the same so but Different in meaning. For example: pair/ pare To/too/two Bore/ boar
- 9. METONYMY Relationship between word based simply on a close connection in every day experience e.g. Bottle/ water Can / juice Antonymy Two forms with opposite meaning e.g. Rich / poor True / false