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Lesson One - Introduction into sociology
- 1. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HEALTH& SOCIAL CARE Unit 7 Lesson 1 Introduction to Sociology
- 2. Learning Objectives • Todefine the term ‘sociology’ • To identify key concepts in sociology
- 3. What is sociology? Thestudy of social behaviours. Sociologists believe humans are social animals… Challenges every day ‘common- sense’ or traditional assumptions Can you think of any examples? E.g. Love and marriage E.g. women look after the house, men bring in the money Why are women stereotyped to stay at home? Why do people fall in love and marry? Health and illness – sociologists don’t look just at biological factors as underpinning health and illness
- 4. What do sociologistsexplore? Sociology explores the human processes of social interactions through studying the relationship between: Individuals Groups Social institutions
- 5. Social Structures • Societycan be viewed as the sum of its social institutions. • May include; – Family – Friends – Education system – Work – Economic system – Political system – Religious groups – Health and social care services
- 6. • Sociologists lookat; • the way these social institutions are structured – how they relate to each other – how they influence how we behave E.g. they may examine how our family background may influence our values, attitudes, religious beliefs, educational achievements, employment prospects and our health and well-being. Social Structures
- 7. • Draw apersonal spider diagram identifying the social institutions to which you belong. • Identify how to or three of these institutions have influenced your behaviour. • In the groups on your table, discuss why you think these particular institutions have influenced you, and how. ACTIVITY
- 8. Put the followinglist in order of which you think has the most influence on our values, attitudes and beliefs, to which one has the least influence. Family Environment Culture/sub-culturePolitical system Education system Income (money) available Our peers Religious beliefs
- 9. How do sociologistsexplore? By using sociological perspectives Functionalism Marxist Interactionist Feminist Postmodernist New Right Collectivism
- 10. Which areas ofhuman life does sociology look at? Crime Family Mass media Religion Health
- 11. Socialisation • Our language,values, beliefs, customs, and behaviour surround us from birth and we take them as ‘truth’ when we are a small, weak and vulnerable child, totally dependent upon our adult carers for survival. • Socialisation is the process of learning the skills and attitudes which enable individuals to live easily with other members of the community. It is the process through which people learn the norms and values of society. • This socialisation process can be broken down into two distinct phases:
- 12. Socialisation Phases PRIMARY SOCIALISATION SECONDARY SOCIALISATION Takes placefrom the very beginning and comes from our immediate family. Carries on when we start to leave the family home and begin school and the wider society.
- 13. Norms and Values •What do you think a norm is? • Norms are social rules that define correct behaviour in society. • Can you think of any examples of a norm? • What do you think a value is? • Values are what are important to an individual or social group. • Can you think of any examples of values?
- 14. Values Norms e.g. monogamy. e.g. marriage,making a fuss of cheaters.
- 15. Sociologists are concernedwith the study of human societies, but more specifically the groups within these societies and how these groups relate to each other and influence individual behaviour. Sociologists use a number of different concepts, such as • Social Structure • Social Diversity • Socialisation …to describe and explain the nature of society and how individuals become a part of it.
- 16. Back to institutions Society Thefamily Health and social care services The education system The economy Religious organisations The political system
- 17. Social Diversity What doyou think ‘Social Diversity’ refers to? Differences of people within groups. Can you think of any examples?
- 18. Society is agroup of like minded people governed by shared norms and values
- 19. Social Diversity How arepeople socially diverse? • Age • Gender • Culture • Ethnicity • Social class • Location What do you think the benefits of having a diverse society are?
- 20. Structural Approaches • Sometimescalled social systems or structuralistic approaches. • Emphasise the power of society over the individual. • Believe the individual is largely controlled by society. • Think that society is in us, moulding our thoughts and directing our actions.
- 21. • Argue thatwe are socialised in terms of the culture of society. • Say that our behaviour is shaped by the social structure: – We are kept in line by mechanisms of social control. – We learn roles, norms and values and act accordingly. Structural Approaches
- 22. Link to Healthand Social Care • This socialisation can vary from country to country, each with a very different way of seeing how a society should run. • Hence in Britain we are seen as a ‘multicultural’ society in which there is very different socialisation processes at work.
- 23. Link to Healthand Social Care • Each of these will have both serious and subtle difference in their beliefs and behaviours so the professional health and social care worker must understand this basic sociological process in order to meet the different needs. • WHERE DO YOU THINK PERSONAL BELIEFS/ VALUES COULD CAUSE CONFLICT IN HSC
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- 25. CONTINUED • This stratificationis seen as hierarchical with those at the top having considerably more advantages over those at the bottom and this greatly effects health and lifestyle. • There have been various attempts to make society more ‘egalitarian’ where all members are equal but in general this has not yet worked very well.
- 26. • Look atthe picture placed on your table and say what you see What is a perspective?
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- 29. Picture 3 –What do you see? What is the girl doing?
- 30. Sociology Structural Theory ActionTheory Consensus Conflict Functionalism Marxism Feminism Symbolic interactionism (Interpretivism) Theory can be said to be like looking at society through different lenses – each give it a different perspective or appearance.
Editor's Notes
- #11 There are animations on this slide to make the pictures appear before the words. I have done this as a little activity… put up a picture and ask learners what they think the picture represents and if they can use the picture to answer the question in the title. Do this with all 5 pictures and key words.
- #25 As well as the obvious different socialisation process between very different cultures, there are within one culture sub – cultures. This refers to there being different layers, tiers, or stratas within one society, each with a slightly different view on society and thus a different socialisation process for their children This sub-division of a society is referred to in sociology as ‘stratification’ which comes from the way layers of rock, soil and earth are stratified (layered) in geology. Obviously in such a system there is always going to be a top, a middle, and a bottom. In Britain this stratification is based on social class, income and occupation. Across the world different societies have different forms of stratification; these could be based on the following: Gender Race and Skin colour Religion Age In our society it is based more upon class, income and occupation
- #31 This slide does not need to be explained in detail. It is just to give the learners the idea that the perspectives are, in essence, looking at something through a different lens and that is how all perspectives differ. Explain that each perspective will be covered in more detail so they don’t need to worry too much all of them just now.