Emile durkheim theory of suicide
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Durkheim was interested in understanding why suicide rates differed between social groups. He believed that only social factors, not individual reasons, could explain differences in suicide rates across cultures and over time. Durkheim identified four types of suicide based on two social dimensions: integration (attachment to society) and regulation (external constraints on people). Egoistic suicide results from low integration; altruistic from high integration. Anomic suicide stems from low regulation during times of normlessness. Fatalistic suicide occurs under high regulation with excessive social control over individuals.
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Suicide Theory.pptx
This PPT Aims to Provide knowledge and Understanding about the Émile Durkheim Theory of Suicide, Types of Suicide, Methodology Used By Émile Durkheim for his Study of Suicide
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This document summarizes Emile Durkheim's theory of suicide from his 1897 book. Durkheim analyzed suicide rates to understand why some groups had higher rates than others. He identified three types of suicide: egoistic (from weak social integration), altruistic (from over-integration into a group), and anomic (from rapid social change causing imbalance). Durkheim believed social factors, not individual ones, caused suicide rates to vary. His theory used empirical data to link social solidarity, control, and suicide rates, establishing sociology's role in empirical science. However, it was criticized for neglecting psychological factors and relying on limited suicide data.
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Durkheim's classic 1897 work on suicide was groundbreaking as it demonstrated suicide was a sociological phenomenon rather than solely an individual psychological matter. He showed suicide rates in societies remained remarkably stable, implying they were influenced by societal rather than individual factors. Durkheim developed a typology of suicide consisting of egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic types, defined by the degree to which society integrated and regulated individuals. Later positivist critiques found Durkheim overemphasized religion's role and lacked operational definitions, while his reliance on incomplete 19th century statistics limited verification of results.
Lecture 3 history _sociology
Sociology began emerging in the 19th century in Europe in response to three major factors: the Industrial Revolution, increased travel, and the success of the natural sciences. The Industrial Revolution led to massive urbanization and disrupted traditional social structures. Travel exposed Europeans to different cultures and ways of life. And the success of the scientific method in fields like physics and chemistry inspired the idea of also studying society scientifically. Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" and emphasized the objective, empirical study of social phenomena. Émile Durkheim further established sociology as a science and demonstrated how social forces influence even individual acts like suicide rates. His work provided early evidence for sociology's ability to reveal how society shapes human behavior
George simmel
Born in Berlin on March 1, 1858 Germany.
Received his PHD from the university of Berlin
German Sociologist, Author, and philosopher. Best known as a micro sociologist
Close acquaintance of Max Weber (1864-1920).
Despite being a popular lecturer and being supported by Weber, he was consider an outsider academically.
Only in 1914 did Simmel obtain a regular academic appointment, and this appointment was in Strasbourg, far from Berlin
Died on September 28, 1918.
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This document provides an overview of sociologist Max Weber's key ideas. It summarizes Weber's focus on the relationship between culture/worldviews and economics, and his argument that secular capitalism has religious and cultural origins, as outlined in his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Specifically, Weber argued that Protestant beliefs like Calvinism encouraged the values of hard work, asceticism, and profit accumulation that helped give rise to the spirit of modern capitalism.
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Suicide Theory.pptx
This PPT Aims to Provide knowledge and Understanding about the Émile Durkheim Theory of Suicide, Types of Suicide, Methodology Used By Émile Durkheim for his Study of Suicide
Theory of suicide
This document summarizes Emile Durkheim's theory of suicide from his 1897 book. Durkheim analyzed suicide rates to understand why some groups had higher rates than others. He identified three types of suicide: egoistic (from weak social integration), altruistic (from over-integration into a group), and anomic (from rapid social change causing imbalance). Durkheim believed social factors, not individual ones, caused suicide rates to vary. His theory used empirical data to link social solidarity, control, and suicide rates, establishing sociology's role in empirical science. However, it was criticized for neglecting psychological factors and relying on limited suicide data.
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Durkheim's classic 1897 work on suicide was groundbreaking as it demonstrated suicide was a sociological phenomenon rather than solely an individual psychological matter. He showed suicide rates in societies remained remarkably stable, implying they were influenced by societal rather than individual factors. Durkheim developed a typology of suicide consisting of egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic types, defined by the degree to which society integrated and regulated individuals. Later positivist critiques found Durkheim overemphasized religion's role and lacked operational definitions, while his reliance on incomplete 19th century statistics limited verification of results.
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George simmel
Born in Berlin on March 1, 1858 Germany.
Received his PHD from the university of Berlin
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Close acquaintance of Max Weber (1864-1920).
Despite being a popular lecturer and being supported by Weber, he was consider an outsider academically.
Only in 1914 did Simmel obtain a regular academic appointment, and this appointment was in Strasbourg, far from Berlin
Died on September 28, 1918.
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Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who published a seminal work on suicide in 1897. Through extensive analysis, he identified four main types of suicide based on levels of social integration and regulation. Egoistic suicide occurs due to low social integration, while altruistic suicide stems from too much integration where individuals sacrifice themselves for their social group. Anomic suicide happens during times of change or stress due to lack of regulation, and fatalistic suicide is caused by lives being too tightly regulated. Durkheim's work was groundbreaking in demonstrating social causes of suicide rather than only psychological factors.
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Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who published a seminal work on suicide in 1897. Through extensive analysis, he identified four main types of suicide based on levels of social integration and regulation. Egoistic suicide occurs due to low social integration, while altruistic suicide stems from too much integration where individuals sacrifice themselves for their social group. Anomic suicide happens during times of change or stress due to lack of regulation, and fatalistic suicide is caused by lives being too tightly regulated. Durkheim's work was groundbreaking in demonstrating social causes of suicide rather than only psychological factors.
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RADICAL
Sociologists
who view crime &
deviance as a result
of social
conflict and economic
rivalry are aligned
with a number of
schools of thought,
referred to as:
*
The goal of social conflict theorists is to explain deviance within economic and social contexts and to express the connections among social class, deviance and social control. Issues of concern to them include:
The relationship of personal or group power in controlling and defining deviance
Power and Control:Deviance as a Political Process
Focus: Creation and Enforcement of Law
*
Marxist View of Class
PROFITS
WAGES
Workers
(Proletariat)
Owners of
Production
(Capitalist
Bourgeoisie)
The Non-Productive
(Lumpen Proletariat)
Willem Bonger (1876-1940)
If wealth is unequally distributed and people believe wealth means superiority, then the inferior will be more deviant attempting to attain the wealthThe economic system will intensify personal disadvantages and will increase propensity for deviance
The Social Reality of Deviance and Crime
Richard
Quinney,
1970
Law and defining deviance is a tool for the Ruling ClassControl is through a variety of institutions run by and for the EliteTypical focus of the Sociology of Deviance is focused on the lower class
Conflict Theory- Overview
MAJOR PREMISE
Deviance is a function of class conflict. The definition of what is deviant is controlled by people who hold social and political power.
STRENGTHS
Accounts for class differentials in categorizing those who are “deviant”. Shows how class conflict influences behavior.
*
Structural Conflict Theory
Explains the existence of
white-collar crime and business
control laws..
STRENGTHS
The law is designed to
sustain the capitalist
economic system
MAJOR PREMISE
*
Instrumental Conflict Theory
MAJOR
PREMISE
Criminals are
revolutionaries.
The real crime
is sexism, racism,
and
profiteering.
STRENGTHS
Broadens the
definition of deviancy
and demystifies or explains the
historical development of
law.
*
Marxist Theory
STRENGTHS
Accounts for the associations between economic structure and crime rates.
MAJOR PREMISE
The capitalist means of production creates class conflict. Crime is a rebellion of the lower class. The criminal justice system is an agent of class warfare.
*
Radical Feminist Theory
MAJOR PREMISE
The capital system
creates patriarchy, which
oppresses women.
STRENGTHS
Explains gender bias,
violence against women,
and repression.
*
Social Conflict Theories:
Critique by Goode
-Not all conflict represents social or economic class
-Crime continues to exist is socialist countries
-Arrest and punishment happens in both capitalist and socialist countries
*
The key question in the social control theory is not why people commit crime and delinquency, but rather why don’t they? Why don’t people conform?
Social Control Theory .
Durkheim's Perspective
Durkheim was a French sociologist who is regarded as the founder of modern sociology. Some of his most important works focused on how social forces influence human behavior and thought. He studied how the division of labor in modern societies led to both mechanical and organic solidarity. Durkheim also explored concepts like anomie, social facts, and human dualism. In his book Suicide, he analyzed suicide statistics to show how social integration and regulation impact suicide rates, treating suicide as a social fact influenced by social forces rather than just individual factors. Durkheim made major contributions to establishing sociology as a scientific discipline and understanding how social systems and social relationships shape human actions and societies.
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Emile durkheim theory of suicide
- 1. EMILE DURKHEIM 1858-1917 THEORY OF SUICIDE
- 2. •Not explaining why any specific individual committed suicide He interested in differences in suicide rates •Only social facts could explain why one group had a higher rate of suicide than did another 2 ways of evaluating suicide rates :- Cross – culturally Historically (Compare different societies (changes In the or other types of collectivities ) suicide rate in the same collectivity over time)
- 3. • the difference of suicide rates would be the consequence of variations in sociological factors, in particular, social currents. • Durkheim acknowledged that individuals may have reasons for committing suicide, but these reasons are not the real cause: real cause of suicide is social.
- 4. Four Types of Suicide •the types of suicide is related with his two underlying social facts—integration and regulation Integration: refers to the strength of the attachment that we have to society. Regulation: refers to the degree of external constraint on people
- 5. Integration Low: Egoistic suicide -Suicide resulting from failure, depression Characteristic of traditional societies with a high degree of mechanical solidarity High :altruistic suicide -Sati in India , soldiers in war Regulation Low: Anomic suicide -Normlessnes Subtypes of anomic suicide: 1.Acute economic:decrease in ability of traditional institutions to regulate and fulfill social needs 2.Chronic economic: when there is an abolition of social regulation ,but failure to replace them with new ones. High: fatalistic suicide -Excessive control of society over an individual
- 6. TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES MODERN SOCIETIES FATALISTIC High Regulation ANOMIC Low Regulation TYPES OF SUICIDE ACCORDING TO DURKHEIM ALTRUISTIC High Integration EGOISTIC Low Integration
- 7. REFERENCES 1.ESSENTIAL SOCIOLOGY- NITIN SANGWAN 2.SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY-GEORGE RITZER
- 8. THANKYOU