Lesson 7 - Cultural Globalization
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This document discusses cultural globalization and the global expansion of McDonald's. It defines culture as customs, lifestyles, and spiritual wealth created by people such as literature, art, and science. Cultural globalization involves the global distribution of cultural products and the spread of ideas like democracy and human rights. The text then describes how McDonald's has over 30,000 restaurants on six continents, opening 1,850 new locations each year. It outlines the founding of McDonald's in 1955 and its expansion internationally starting in 1967 in Canada and over time in locations like Hong Kong, Sweden, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Singapore, and China.
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The document discusses different perspectives on cultural globalization and how it relates to culture. It describes culture as a social construction that includes arts, commodified output of industries, and everyday expressions. It also discusses concepts of cultural globalization such as stretching, diffusion, and hybridization. Additionally, it provides a historical perspective on how religions, empires, nation-states, and ideologies have contributed to cultural globalization over time. It examines the role of technologies, industries, and infrastructures in facilitating contemporary cultural globalization.
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This document discusses Strinati's theories on mass culture and popular culture. It defines mass culture as culture widely disseminated through mass media, and popular culture as activities or products aimed at the general public. There are three main themes in popular culture: its origins, the influence of commercialization and industrialization, and its ideological role. Popular culture is seen as both atomizing individuals and being shaped by mass production and consumption through new media like cinema and radio. Critics argue mass culture theory ignores the diversity and active role of audiences.
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3. The theories of cultural convergence see globalization as leading to increasing cultural similarity worldwide, while cultural differentiation argues that core cultural differences persist despite global influences.
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Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of countries and peoples around the world through trade and cultural exchange. It reduces differences between places as shared economic and cultural experiences spread across borders through trade agreements and tourism. While trade and tourism can make economies and cultures more similar, they may also exacerbate inequality between places that are integrated and those that are not. Overall, globalization tends to decrease differences but does not eliminate them entirely.
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Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies and cultures across international borders. Key factors driving globalization include the internationalization of finance, technological innovation, and the growth of global consumer markets. While globalization has increased economic well-being in many areas, it has also led to economic decline in some regions and a loss of local cultural diversity as global products spread. Views on the impacts of cultural globalization range from seeing it as beneficial in promoting integration, to harmful if it leads to the destruction of local cultural heritage and identity.
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Culture refers to the cumulative knowledge, experiences, beliefs, and objects that a group acquires over generations. Culture is shared systems of knowledge that connect a group. Multiculturalism is the acceptance of multiple ethnic cultures within a place like a city or nation for practical and diversity reasons. It involves recognizing distinct subgroups within the overarching national culture. Supporters argue multiculturalism can improve decision-making and innovation by exposing a workforce to diverse perspectives. It also helps companies address labor needs by appealing to different cultural groups. Many large companies have diversity programs to recruit and support multicultural employees.
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This document discusses different definitions and approaches to defining popular culture. It describes popular culture as "the people's culture" made at the local level, as "mass culture" produced for a large audience, and as "low culture" in contrast to high art. However, it notes problems with each definition and argues that popular culture is best understood by examining the values embedded within cultural works and acknowledging its commercial nature of being produced for market distribution and sales.
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The document discusses the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which links Gwadar Port in Pakistan to China's Xinjiang region. It provides background on Gwadar Port and the history of Pakistan-China relations. CPEC was proposed in 2013 and includes several infrastructure projects, such as the upgrading of the Karakoram Highway, energy projects, and the Gwadar Port. CPEC will benefit both countries by shortening trade routes for China and boosting Pakistan's economy and infrastructure development.
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The document is a vocabulary worksheet about political globalization that contains matching and fill-in-the-blank questions. The matching section asks students to match terms like "negotiation", "policies", and "population mobility" with their Chinese translations. The fill-in-the-blank section presumably asks students to complete sentences using vocabulary related to concepts like international cooperation, infectious diseases, and intergovernmental organizations.
3) Political Globalization p.62-63
1. Advancements in transportation and population mobility have allowed infectious diseases to spread rapidly between countries, demonstrating that political issues in one area can affect others.
2. International organizations like the UN and WHO play a vital role in promoting cooperation between countries to control diseases and other global challenges.
3. Due to political globalization, disputes between countries are inevitable but international organizations provide important channels for communication and negotiation to help resolve conflicts peacefully.
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International intergovernmental organizations play an important role in addressing global political issues and preventing the spread of infectious diseases across borders. As political and economic ties between countries increase, more international organizations have formed to provide a platform for global policymaking through discussion and negotiation. These organizations contribute to issues like avian influenza by distributing disease information, establishing research networks, and formulating cooperative policies between countries. They have made efforts such as subsidizing poor nations' response efforts, demanding disease reporting, planning early warning systems, stockpiling antiviral drugs, and raising funds for prevention activities.
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China has a three-level landscape of relief from west to east:
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2) Lower plateaus and basins in the central region.
3) Plains and lowlands in the eastern part.
The major rivers flow from the highlands in the western part of China towards the lowlands and seas in the eastern part, corresponding to the decreasing average height of land from west to east.
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1. Western multinational corporations spread western culture globally through mass media which increases the influence of western culture worldwide.
2. Companies like McDonald's and Nike help popularize American culture as they expand globally.
3. When cultures mix, new hybrid cultures can emerge as local cultures also influence western culture, such as with Chinese medicine incorporating western research methods.
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The document discusses the relief features of China. It describes several key relief features: mountain ranges, plateaus, basins, and plains. It provides examples of each in China, including the Himalayas mountain range, the Qingzang and Yungui plateaus, the Sichuan basin, and the Changjiang and Huabei plains. The document matches photographs of these relief features with their locations on a map of China.
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China is located in East Asia, west of the Pacific Ocean. It borders many countries, including Russia, India, North Korea, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. China faces the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea. Hong Kong is located along the southeast coast of China.
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The document discusses two poverty alleviation measures introduced by the Hong Kong government:
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2. The Child Development Fund set up a fund with $300 million to reduce intergenerational poverty by allocating tutors and $15,000 to each beneficiary child for future education and training.
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H&M is a Swedish multinational clothing retailer that has shops in many cities and countries around the world. It sets up retail shops in different parts of the world to attract more customers and earn more profit. While H&M is headquartered in Sweden, it manufactures its products in other countries where wages and land rents are lower, allowing it to reduce production costs. This globalization of production benefits consumers by allowing H&M to offer lower prices.
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2) NGOs provide direct assistance to the poor through programs like food banks. They advise governments and monitor policy effectiveness.
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- 10. McDonald’s in the world
- 11. Sweden
- 12. Italy (Venice)
- 13. Pakistan
- 14. Russia
- 15. Taiwan
- 16. Korea
- 17. Japan
- 18. Thailand
- 19. Singapore
- 20. China
Editor's Notes
- 2.5-3.2 millions $800,000 per month
- St Petersburg
- Seoul
- Osaka