Mr.Ahsan Asghar is a freelance Journalist, who analysed the facts of media industry and published them in this slides, in complete and clear manner. Have a look...
Mr.Ahsan Asghar is a freelance Journalist, who analysed the facts of media industry and published them in this slides, in complete and clear manner. Have a look...
Chapter 10. Political Socialization The Making of a CitizenLear.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter 10. Political Socialization: The Making of a Citizen
Learning Objectives
· 1Describe the model citizen in democratic theory and explain the concept.
· 2Define socialization and explain the relevance of this concept in the study of politics.
· 3Explain how a disparate population of individuals and groups (families, clans, and tribes) can be forged into a cohesive society.
· 4Demonstrate how socialization affects political behavior and analyze what happens when socialization fails.
· 5Characterize the role of television and the Internet in influencing people’s political beliefs and behavior, and evaluate their impact on the quality of citizenship in contemporary society.
The year is 1932. The Soviet Union is suffering a severe shortage of food, and millions go hungry. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Communist Party and head of the Soviet government, has undertaken a vast reordering of Soviet agriculture that eliminates a whole class of landholders (the kulaks) and collectivizes all farmland. Henceforth, every farm and all farm products belong to the state. To deter theft of what is now considered state property, the Soviet government enacts a law prohibiting individual farmers from appropriating any grain for their own private use. Acting under this law, a young boy reports his father to the authorities for concealing grain. The father is shot for stealing state property. Soon after, the boy is killed by a group of peasants, led by his uncle, who are outraged that he would betray his own father. The government, taking a radically different view of the affair, extols the boy as a patriotic martyr.
Stalin considered the little boy in this story a model citizen, a hero. How citizenship is defined says a lot about a government and the philosophy or ideology that underpins it.
The Good Citizen
Stalin’s celebration of a child’s act of betrayal as heroic points to a distinction Aristotle originally made: The good citizen is defined by laws, regimes, and rulers, but the moral fiber (and universal characteristics) of a good person is fixed, and it transcends the expectations of any particular political regime.*
Good citizenship includes behaving in accordance with the rules, norms, and expectations of our own state and society. Thus, the actual requirements vary widely. A good citizen in Soviet Russia of the 1930s was a person whose first loyalty was to the Communist Party. The test of good citizenship in a totalitarian state is this: Are you willing to subordinate all personal convictions and even family loyalties to the dictates of political authority, and to follow the dictator’s whims no matter where they may lead? In marked contrast are the standards of citizenship in constitutional democracies, which prize and protect freedom of conscience and speech.
Where the requirements of the abstract good citizen—always defined by the state—come into conflict with the moral compass of actual citizens, and where the state seeks to obscure or obliterate t.
A brief discussion about globalization through media imperialism.
Researchers focused their effort on mostly nation-states as primary actors in international relations. The flow of news and entertainment was biased in favor of industrialized countries. Developing nations received scant and prejudicial coverage in Western Media. Emphasis on commercialization of sphere of culture. On the second stage of research in Cultural imperialism, it focused on transnational corporations as the primary actors on international relations ; and on transnational capital flows
The end of cold war as a global framework for ideological, Geopolitical, and Economic competition calls for a rethinking of the analytical categories and paradigms of thought. The nation state is no longer the sale or dominant player since transnational transactions occur on sub national, national, and supranational levels. According to John Tomlinson (1991) Globalization replaced cultural imperialism because it conveys a process with less coherence and direction, which will weaken the cultural unity of all nation -states ,Not only those in the developing world. Globalization has emerged as a key perspective across the humanities and social sciences, a current undoubtedly affecting the discipline of communication.
Globalization of culture has become a conceptual magnet attracting research and theorizing efforts from a variety of disciplines and interdisciplinary formations such as anthropology, comparative literature, cultural studies, communication and media studies, geography, and sociology.
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World PoliticsRommel Regala
This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of the social sciences, it examines the economic, social, political, technological, and other transformations that have created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and places around the globe. To this end, the course provides an overview of the various debates in global governance, development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and goal ethical responsibility.
The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International RelationsRommel Regala
An introduction to the study of international cooperation and conflict and the various regimes and institutions sustaining these processes.
"The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations" offers a comprehensive exploration of the theories, concepts, actors, and issues shaping the international system. Students delve into key theories such as realism, liberalism, constructivism, and critical approaches, applying them to contemporary global issues including security, human rights, development, and the environment. Topics cover the historical evolution of the international system, state and non-state actors, international security, global governance, political economy, human rights, and emerging challenges like cybersecurity and pandemics. Through case studies, debates, and simulations, students develop critical thinking skills and a nuanced understanding of the complexities of global politics, preparing them to navigate and analyze the ever-changing landscape of international relations.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Team Presentation
LEAD
Azeem Faheem #20
Into & Case study 1
MEMBER
Arsalan Shabbir #35
Case study 2
MEMBER
Hamaza Hanif #36
Case study 3 & conclusion
1
4. Hegemony is the dominance of one social group over a society or one nation over another.
The idea of media hegemony is rooted in the works of Karl Marx. According to him the ruling
or dominant ideas in a society are those of bourgeoisie, serving their economic and class
interest.
Ideology is manufactured by those at the top of the society and distributed to the rest of
the society. Society is presented a false picture of reality (false consciousness) of the world
4
Karl Marx (1818-1883) According to his views media are
vehicles in the reproduction of dominant ideology. They
were controlling not only material wealth but also
ideological mechanisms through media
5. Media hegemony by Antonio Gramsci
The modern theory of hegemony is
attributed to Italian philosopher Antonio
Gramsci.
He rejected the notion of classic Marxism
that people are passive recipients of
dominant ideology of bourgeoisie
Dominance is not imposed by simple
imposition of will of the ruling class but
by the ability of ruling class to present
themselves best for the interest of
everyone
Consent has to be won from subordinate
classes through a continuous process
They gain acceptance from all members
of society to assume moral and cultural
leadership
This exercise of leadership takes place
through institutions like education,
religion, family and media
5
6. “
Consent is a more effective mean of
controlling society in the long run than
coercion. However at the moment of
crisis the dominant class will resort to the
use of force to discipline
6
8. Gramsci hegemony and
civil society in Pakistan
Khalid Saifullah
Iqbal International Institute of Research & Dialogue (2018)
8
9. In this research the author discusses the persistently faced hurdles by NGOs in their
activism on human rights, democracy, freedom of expression and effective citizenship in
Pakistan.
Obstacles to NGOs were analyzed at community level and government level. At the
community level, the hurdles faced by NGOs are divided into two major groups
The first group includes the obstacles that are specific to NGOs
The second group is concerned with generic obstacles that any agency or actor
would face whether NGO or Government body or business party
The first is related to perception of NGOs while the second includes the obstacles in the
process of mobilization. The research focuses on first group specifically linked to NGOs
9
Abstract
10. The main obstacle of NGOs is their
perception of carriers of foreign agenda
with vested interest can be best
explained by Gramsci’s idea of
hegemony.
Gramsci uses the concept of hegemony
as a form of control. In context of
Pakistan, this contributes to the
generation of collective public fears,
anxieties from hegemonic actors.
The fears become narrative and which
presents foreign ideology as a threat to
identity.
NGOs receive funds from INGOs. They are
heavily influenced in shaping their
agenda, objectives, and structures.
Following Gramsci’s theory of civil
society, the role of INGOs can be
understood as a neoliberal hegemon
10
11. Gramsci considers the Government, along with its laws and policies, as a tool to dominate
politically and ideologically. Governments curb the activities of NGOs by limiting their
access to information, creating difficulties in their assemblies.
Governments only allow to bring nominal changes as ‘pressure valves’ which only create
an illusion of satisfaction for societal change but do not affect the overall apparatus of
the state.
11
13. Abstract
Since the 2010s Turkey has been on a political roller-coaster under the leadership of
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. In this article authors look over the wide range of soft
power strategies Ankara deploys in accordance with the main premise of its new foreign
policy outlook.
These strategies systematically target gaining global recognition and validation for
Turkey as the leader of the Muslim world and patron of Muslim masses worldwide.
13
14. Numerous methods have been tried to increase Turkey’s profile among
Muslim masses. The recent historical TV series Dirilis Ertrugul has, for
instance, been surprisingly popular among non-Turkish Muslims.
It is a mobilization strategy of cultural mobilization. These series are
geared towards promoting Turkey’s military ambitions, through a style
of religio-nationalistic precedents.
On the other hand they seem to appeal to general Muslim audience by
including “Islamic guidelines” promoting important values, and
providing vision and perspective
14
15. Combating Islamophobia has been a primary objective of Turkey’s current
geopolitical goals. For this transnational network have been build in realms of
policy making and in media. The most striking is the launch of TRT World in
2015.
TRT has rebranded itself to join the ranks of BBC and Al Jazeera. It
keeps a highly professional level with competitive salaries to attract Western
Muslims particularly, which is another recruitment strategy to act as natural advocates
of Turkish policies vis-à-vis the diaspora communities and Western governments.
In addition to regularly publishing and broadcasting about foreign affairs with a
particular focus on Turkey, in 2017 it launched an conference featuring a global panel to
on the rise of xenophobia and islamophobia.
15
17. abstract
Gramsci’s theory of hegemony is vastly applied in understanding the impact of British
hegemony. The British royal family is the most iconic and glaring example of British
colonial legacy that still exists in the modern world. However there are opposite views
among British public whether to keep this institution or abrogate it.
In order to thoroughly understand the impact of Royal Family on audience, as well as
their place in modern societal structures, concepts of British hegemony and dominant
ideology must be considered.
17
18. On twenty-ninth of April 2011, Prince William and Kate Middleton’s wedding was
broadcasted live twenty-four million people tuning in for the ‘high-point of the ceremony
on BBC. On analysis it was observed that media coverage of wedding reaffirmed the
hegemonic ideologies through representation of British identity.
The broadcast was rife with British iconography like crowd displaying the Union Jack
The repeated exposure aimed to create a sense of belonging in viewers which shows that
Gramsci’s notions of superstructure are still very much prevalent
The presentation of wedding itself was aimed to create a ‘fantasy for the masses’
The ‘love match’ between William and Kate was presented aspirational relationship for their
lower-class subjects
18
19. The British Royal Family is also portrayed
as potent marketing strategy for British
tourism. Different monuments relating
to the Royal Family like Buckingham
Palace are vigorously promoted on Visit
Britain tourism ads.
Royals holding their baby, Queen
Elizabeth in her traditional setting and
other routine aspect of the royal house
serve as opinion leaders and proponents
of British culture in media which
generates approximately £500m in
tourism.
In commercial context the Royals
attract visitors because they are the
most recognized feature of British
identity. Gramsci’s notion of
superstructure is manipulated through
the use of Royal Family.
19
20. Conclusion
Gramsci’s theories prove to be incredibly potent in the media landscape.
Media remains a potent tool of cultural hegemony, modern capitalistic and
ideological hegemony. Furthermore, multiple forms of hegemony can be
elicited, as both ideological dominance and the sustainment of modern
capitalistic power structures are evident in the modern capitalistic
20
21. thanks!
Any questions?
21
The following sources were used for gathering content for this presentation
https://www.academia.edu/ https://www.flaticon.com/
https://scholar.google.com/
